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Selenium webdriver | driver().switchTo().defaultContent() method is not switching the control back to parent window from multiple child windows

Selenium webdriver | driver().switchTo().defaultContent() method is not switching the control back to parent window from multiple child windows.
I am facing problem with respect to no of windows and not frames. When I click a button on parent window say wp, a new web window say w1 is getting generated and eventually one more window gets generated say w2 , I want to switch to control to wp so I am using
driver.switchTo.defaultContent()
but its not switching control to parent window.

i have this problem to.
and i find answer
try this, and give me feedback - maybe i can help you
const number1 = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.xpath('your xpath')))
await driver.executeScript("arguments[0].click()", number1).then(() =>{
console.log(driver.executeScript, 'Click done');
})

are you looking for switching to window tabs or iframe ?
for frames : we need to do,
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
driver.switchTo.parentFrame();
for windows :
String parentwindow = driver.getWindowHandle();
List<String> allwindows = new ArrayList<>(driver.getWindowHandles());
driver.switchTo().window(allwindows.get(1));
driver.switchTo().window(parentwindow);

There are two similar methods that can be used while switching to parent frames, but there is a slight difference between them.
driver.switchTo().defaultContent()
driver.switchTo().parentFrame()
E.g.: You have three frames i1,i2,i3 and you are on frame i3,
when you use driver.switchTo.defaultContent(), it will take you to i1, whereas with
driver.switchTo.parentFrame() control will switch to i2 i.e. immediate parent frame (parent frame of the current frame).

If the process opens multiple browser tabs, we need to use switchTo().window(window reference); to switch focus between the tabs.
// Save the initial tab as parentwindow
String parentwindow = driver.getWindowHandle();
// Collect the tabs opened in a list
List<String> windows = new ArrayList<>(driver.getWindowHandles());
// Switch to window other than parentwindow
driver.switchTo().window(windows.get(1));
// Switch back to parentwindow
driver.switchTo().window(parentwindow);

I was using RemoteWebDriver for my cloud session where VM were running tests. Locally, it worked for me using $ driver.switchTo().defaultContent() $, but all of a sudden, it did not work with RemoteWebDriver. I resolved my issue using:
driver.switchTo().parentFrame();

Selenium unable to detect UI element in another tab

I am trying to automate a scenario where when I click on a link another tab opens with details.
Question 1 : Do I have to specifically set my focus to the 2nd tab or selenium automatically finds the element in the 2nd tab?
I am using the below code to set the focus to the 2nd tab :
String currentWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();
driver.switchTo().window(currentWindow);
Problem : I am getting an error that selenium is unable to find the specified element.
Could you guys suggest me what am I doing wrong, and the best way to switch to 2nd tab.

Actually, you are setting the focus on the first tab, not the second one. You need to do something like this
String currentWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();
// open the new tab here
for (String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
if (!handle.equals(currentWindow)) {
driver.switchTo().window(handle);
}
}
And the answer to your question is yes, you have to tell the driver to set its focus on the new tab.

You can get all the window handles as handlers=driver. GetWindowHandles() which will return all the handler string. Then using index switch to the appropriate handle using driver.switchto().window(handlers[1])

Handle Window Pop Up in Selenium

I am working with Selenium, now there is a condition:
when I hit a button in my webpage a window pop up opens up.
Now I have to click a radio button (one out of two, it will work even if we send a TAB ) and then click an OK button. I searched in the net and got to know about "driver.getWindowHandle()".
But I don't have any idea dealing with the newly opened window popup.
Need help in this.

For switching purpose u can use enhanced for loop:
for (String winHandle : objDriver.getWindowHandles()) {
objDriver.switchTo().window(winHandle);
}
So it will switch the control from one driver window to child windows.
To interact with elements on the window try to find element with whatever tool u r using and perform the required action after switching to the window.
To return back to parent window you can use the same loop or use:
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

Check my answer in this post and also read the comments to help you understand the difference between getWindowHandle() and getWindowHandles()
Java: focus is not on pop-window during window handling

We handled this situation using AutoItX - https://www.autoitscript.com/site/ in our Windows/IE C# project:
AutoItX3 autoIt = new AutoItX3();
var handle = autoIt.WinWaitActive("[window title]", "", 20);
Assert.IsTrue(handle != 0", string.Format("Was not able to find: {0}", [window title]);
autoIt.Send("{ESCAPE}"); // tab may work as well for selection
The pop up was a Windows window, and not part of IE, therefore the WebDriver didn't know about it.
Hope this helps.

Open link in new tab [duplicate]

I have trawled the web and the WebDriver API. I don't see a way to open new tabs using WebDriver/Selenium2.0 .
Can someone please confirm if I am right?
Thanks,
Chris.
P.S: The current alternative I see is to either load different urls in the same window or open new windows.

There is totally a cross-browser way to do this using webdriver, those who say you can not are just too lazy. First, you need to use WebDriver to inject and anchor tag into the page that opens the tab you want. Here's how I do it (note: driver is a WebDriver instance):
/**
* Executes a script on an element
* #note Really should only be used when the web driver is sucking at exposing
* functionality natively
* #param script The script to execute
* #param element The target of the script, referenced as arguments[0]
*/
public void trigger(String script, WebElement element) {
((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript(script, element);
}
/** Executes a script
* #note Really should only be used when the web driver is sucking at exposing
* functionality natively
* #param script The script to execute
*/
public Object trigger(String script) {
return ((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript(script);
}
/**
* Opens a new tab for the given URL
* #param url The URL to
* #throws JavaScriptException If unable to open tab
*/
public void openTab(String url) {
String script = "var d=document,a=d.createElement('a');a.target='_blank';a.href='%s';a.innerHTML='.';d.body.appendChild(a);return a";
Object element = trigger(String.format(script, url));
if (element instanceof WebElement) {
WebElement anchor = (WebElement) element; anchor.click();
trigger("var a=arguments[0];a.parentNode.removeChild(a);", anchor);
} else {
throw new JavaScriptException(element, "Unable to open tab", 1);
}
}
Next, you need to tell webdriver to switch its current window handle to the new tab. Here's how I do that:
/**
* Switches to the non-current window
*/
public void switchWindow() throws NoSuchWindowException, NoSuchWindowException {
Set<String> handles = driver.getWindowHandles();
String current = driver.getWindowHandle();
handles.remove(current);
String newTab = handles.iterator().next();
locator.window(newTab);
}
After this is done, you may then interact with elements in the new page context using the same WebDriver instance. Once you are done with that tab, you can always return back to the default window context by using a similar mechanism to the switchWindow function above. I'll leave that as an exercise for you to figure out.

The Selenium WebDriver API does not support managing tabs within the browser at present.

var windowHandles = webDriver.WindowHandles;
var script = string.Format("window.open('{0}', '_blank');", url);
scriptExecutor.ExecuteScript(script);
var newWindowHandles = webDriver.WindowHandles;
var openedWindowHandle = newWindowHandles.Except(windowHandles).Single();
webDriver.SwitchTo().Window(openedWindowHandle);

I had the same issue and found an answer. Give a try.
Robot r = new Robot();
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL);
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_T);
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL);
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_T);
It will open a new tab you can perform your actions in the new tab.

Though there is no API for opening a new tab, you can just create a new instance of WebDriver calling it something slightly different and passing the URL you want in the new tab. Once you have done all you need to do, close that tab and make the new driver NULL so that it does not interfere with the original instance of Webdriver. If you need both tabs open, then ensure you refer to the appropriate instance of WebDriver. Used this for Sitecore CMS automation and it worked.

Thanks for the great idea #Jonathan Azoff !
Here's how I did it in Ruby:
def open_new_window(url)
a = #driver.execute_script("var d=document,a=d.createElement('a');a.target='_blank';a.href=arguments[0];a.innerHTML='.';d.body.appendChild(a);return a", url)
a.click
#driver.switch_to.window(#driver.window_handles.last)
end

There's no way we can create new TAB or handle tabs using web driver / selenium 2.0
You can open a new window instead.

Hey #Paul and who ever is having issue opening a second tab in python. Here is the solution
I'm not sure if this is a bug within the webdriver or because it isn't compatible yet with mutlitab but it is definitely acting wrong with it and I will show how to fix it.
Issue:
well I see more than one issue.
First issue has to do that when you open a 2nd tab you can only see one handle instead of two.
2nd issue and here is where my solution comes in. It seems that although the handle value is still stored in the driver the window has lost sync with it for reason.
Here is the solution by fixing the 2nd issue:
elem = browser.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[4]/div/a") #href link
time.sleep(2)
elem.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + Keys.RETURN + "2") #Will open a second tab
#solution for the 2nd issue is here
for handle in browser.window_handles:
print "Handle is:" + str(handle) #only one handle number
browser.switch_to_window(handle)
time.sleep(3)
#Switch the frame over. Even if you have switched it before you need to do it again
browser.switch_to_frame("Frame")
"""now this is how you handle closing the tab and working again with the original tab"""
#again switch window over
elem.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + "w")
for handle in browser.window_handles:
print "HandleAgain is:" + str(handle) #same handle number as before
browser.switch_to_window(handle)
#again switch frame over if you are working with one
browser.switch_to_frame("Frame")
time.sleep(3)
#doing a second round/tab
elem = browser.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[4]/div/a") #href link
time.sleep(2)
elem.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + Keys.RETURN + "2") #open a 2nd tab again
"""Got it? find the handle, switch over the window then switch the frame"""
It is working perfectly for me. I'm open for questions...

Do this
_webDriver.SwitchTo().Window(_webDriver.WindowHandles.Where(x => x != _webDriver.CurrentWindowHandle).First());
or Last() etc.
PS there is no guarantee that the WindowHandles are in the order displayed on your browser, therefore, I would advise you keep some history of current windows before you do the command to that caused a new tab to open. Then you can compare your stored window handles with the current set and switch to the new one in the list, of which, there should only be one.

#Test
public void openTab() {
//Open tab 2 using CTRL + t keys.
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("body")).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL +"t");
//Open URL In 2nd tab.
driver.get("http://www.qaautomated.com/p/contact.html");
//Call switchToTab() method to switch to 1st tab
switchToTab();
}
public void switchToTab() {
//Switching between tabs using CTRL + tab keys.
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("body")).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL +"\t");
//Switch to current selected tab's content.
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
}
we can use keyboard events and automate opening and switching between multiple tabs very easily. This example is refered from HERE

I must say i tried this as well, and while it seemingly works with some bindings (Java, as far as Jonathan says, and ruby too, apparently), with others it doesnt: selenium python bindings report just one handle per window, even if containing multiple tabs

IJavaScriptExecutor is very useful class which can manipulate HTML DOM on run time through JavaScript, below is sample code on how to open a new browser tab in Selenium through IJavaScriptExecutor:
IJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor)driver;
object linkObj = js.ExecuteScript("var link = document.createElement('a');link.target='_blank';link.href='http://www.gmail.com';link.innerHTML='Click Me';document.getElementById('social').appendChild(link);return link");
/*IWebElement link = (IWebElement)linkObj;
link.Click();*/
browser.Click("//*[#id='social']/a[3]");
Just to give an insight, there are no methods in Selenium which would allow you to open new tab, the above code would dynamically create an anchor element and directs it open an new tab.

You can try this way, since there is action_chain in the new webdriver.
I'm using Python, so please ignore the grammar:
act = ActionChains(driver)
act.key_down(Keys.CONTROL)
act.click(link).perform()
act.key_up(Keys.CONTROL)

For MAC OS
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://google.com")
body = driver.find_element_by_tag_name("body")
body.send_keys(Keys.COMMAND + 't')

Java Robot can be used to send Ctrl+t (or Cmd+t if MAC OS X) as follows:
int vkControl = IS_OS_MAC ? KeyEvent.VK_META : KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL;
Robot robot = new Robot();
robot.keyPress(vkControl);
robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_T);
robot.keyRelease(vkControl);
robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_T);
A complete running example using Chrome as browser can be forked here.

I would prefer opening a new window. Is there really a difference in opening a new window vs opening a new tab from an automated solution perspective ?
you can modify the anchors target property and once clicked the target page would open in a new window.
Then use driver.switchTo() to switch to the new window. Use it to solve your issue

Instead of opening new tab you can open new window using below code.
for(String childTab : driver.getWindowHandles())
{
driver.switchTo().window(childTab);
}

Bring the Firefox Browser to Front using selenium Java (Mac OSX)

I am using three instances of fire fox driver for automation.I need to bring current active firefox browser into front, Because I am using some robo classes for some opertation. I had tried java script alert for google chrome in mac ( same operation) and its worked fine. In windows used user32 lib. In the case of firefox mac its showing the alert in background but the web page is not come into front.
((JavascriptExecutor)this.webDriver).executeScript("alert('Test')");
this.webDriver.switchTo().alert().accept();
The above code I used for chrome in Mac. Same code is working and showing alert for firefox but the window is not coming to front.
Please suggest if there any other method for doing the same in firefox.

Store the window handle first in a variable, and then use it to go back to the window later on.
//Store the current window handle
String currentWindowHandle = this.webDriver.getWindowHandle();
//run your javascript and alert code
((JavascriptExecutor)this.webDriver).executeScript("alert('Test')");
this.webDriver.switchTo().alert().accept();
//Switch back to to the window using the handle saved earlier
this.webDriver.switchTo().window(currentWindowHandle);
Additionally, you can try to maximise the window after switching to it, which should also activate it.
this.webDriver.manage().window().maximize();

Try switching using the window name:
driver.switchTo().window("windowName");
Alternatively, you can pass a "window handle" to the switchTo().window() method. Knowing this, it’s possible to iterate over every open window like so:
for (String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
driver.switchTo().window(handle);
}
Based on the Selenium documentation: http://docs.seleniumhq.org/docs/03_webdriver.jsp

As described in other topics, you can use
driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(-2000, 0));
too.

# notifications for selenium
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
prefs = {"profile.default_content_setting_values.notifications": 2}
chrome_options.add_experimental_option("prefs", prefs)
current_path = os.getcwd() # current working path
chrome_path = os.path.join(current_path, 'chromedriver')
browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chrome_path, chrome_options=chrome_options)
browser.switch_to.window(browser.current_window_handle)
browser.implicitly_wait(30)
browser.maximize_window()
browser.get("http://facebook.com")

Only thing that worked for me on mac: self.driver.fullscreen_window().