I have trawled the web and the WebDriver API. I don't see a way to open new tabs using WebDriver/Selenium2.0 .
Can someone please confirm if I am right?
Thanks,
Chris.
P.S: The current alternative I see is to either load different urls in the same window or open new windows.
There is totally a cross-browser way to do this using webdriver, those who say you can not are just too lazy. First, you need to use WebDriver to inject and anchor tag into the page that opens the tab you want. Here's how I do it (note: driver is a WebDriver instance):
/**
* Executes a script on an element
* #note Really should only be used when the web driver is sucking at exposing
* functionality natively
* #param script The script to execute
* #param element The target of the script, referenced as arguments[0]
*/
public void trigger(String script, WebElement element) {
((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript(script, element);
}
/** Executes a script
* #note Really should only be used when the web driver is sucking at exposing
* functionality natively
* #param script The script to execute
*/
public Object trigger(String script) {
return ((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript(script);
}
/**
* Opens a new tab for the given URL
* #param url The URL to
* #throws JavaScriptException If unable to open tab
*/
public void openTab(String url) {
String script = "var d=document,a=d.createElement('a');a.target='_blank';a.href='%s';a.innerHTML='.';d.body.appendChild(a);return a";
Object element = trigger(String.format(script, url));
if (element instanceof WebElement) {
WebElement anchor = (WebElement) element; anchor.click();
trigger("var a=arguments[0];a.parentNode.removeChild(a);", anchor);
} else {
throw new JavaScriptException(element, "Unable to open tab", 1);
}
}
Next, you need to tell webdriver to switch its current window handle to the new tab. Here's how I do that:
/**
* Switches to the non-current window
*/
public void switchWindow() throws NoSuchWindowException, NoSuchWindowException {
Set<String> handles = driver.getWindowHandles();
String current = driver.getWindowHandle();
handles.remove(current);
String newTab = handles.iterator().next();
locator.window(newTab);
}
After this is done, you may then interact with elements in the new page context using the same WebDriver instance. Once you are done with that tab, you can always return back to the default window context by using a similar mechanism to the switchWindow function above. I'll leave that as an exercise for you to figure out.
The Selenium WebDriver API does not support managing tabs within the browser at present.
var windowHandles = webDriver.WindowHandles;
var script = string.Format("window.open('{0}', '_blank');", url);
scriptExecutor.ExecuteScript(script);
var newWindowHandles = webDriver.WindowHandles;
var openedWindowHandle = newWindowHandles.Except(windowHandles).Single();
webDriver.SwitchTo().Window(openedWindowHandle);
I had the same issue and found an answer. Give a try.
Robot r = new Robot();
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL);
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_T);
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL);
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_T);
It will open a new tab you can perform your actions in the new tab.
Though there is no API for opening a new tab, you can just create a new instance of WebDriver calling it something slightly different and passing the URL you want in the new tab. Once you have done all you need to do, close that tab and make the new driver NULL so that it does not interfere with the original instance of Webdriver. If you need both tabs open, then ensure you refer to the appropriate instance of WebDriver. Used this for Sitecore CMS automation and it worked.
Thanks for the great idea #Jonathan Azoff !
Here's how I did it in Ruby:
def open_new_window(url)
a = #driver.execute_script("var d=document,a=d.createElement('a');a.target='_blank';a.href=arguments[0];a.innerHTML='.';d.body.appendChild(a);return a", url)
a.click
#driver.switch_to.window(#driver.window_handles.last)
end
There's no way we can create new TAB or handle tabs using web driver / selenium 2.0
You can open a new window instead.
Hey #Paul and who ever is having issue opening a second tab in python. Here is the solution
I'm not sure if this is a bug within the webdriver or because it isn't compatible yet with mutlitab but it is definitely acting wrong with it and I will show how to fix it.
Issue:
well I see more than one issue.
First issue has to do that when you open a 2nd tab you can only see one handle instead of two.
2nd issue and here is where my solution comes in. It seems that although the handle value is still stored in the driver the window has lost sync with it for reason.
Here is the solution by fixing the 2nd issue:
elem = browser.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[4]/div/a") #href link
time.sleep(2)
elem.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + Keys.RETURN + "2") #Will open a second tab
#solution for the 2nd issue is here
for handle in browser.window_handles:
print "Handle is:" + str(handle) #only one handle number
browser.switch_to_window(handle)
time.sleep(3)
#Switch the frame over. Even if you have switched it before you need to do it again
browser.switch_to_frame("Frame")
"""now this is how you handle closing the tab and working again with the original tab"""
#again switch window over
elem.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + "w")
for handle in browser.window_handles:
print "HandleAgain is:" + str(handle) #same handle number as before
browser.switch_to_window(handle)
#again switch frame over if you are working with one
browser.switch_to_frame("Frame")
time.sleep(3)
#doing a second round/tab
elem = browser.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[4]/div/a") #href link
time.sleep(2)
elem.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + Keys.RETURN + "2") #open a 2nd tab again
"""Got it? find the handle, switch over the window then switch the frame"""
It is working perfectly for me. I'm open for questions...
Do this
_webDriver.SwitchTo().Window(_webDriver.WindowHandles.Where(x => x != _webDriver.CurrentWindowHandle).First());
or Last() etc.
PS there is no guarantee that the WindowHandles are in the order displayed on your browser, therefore, I would advise you keep some history of current windows before you do the command to that caused a new tab to open. Then you can compare your stored window handles with the current set and switch to the new one in the list, of which, there should only be one.
#Test
public void openTab() {
//Open tab 2 using CTRL + t keys.
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("body")).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL +"t");
//Open URL In 2nd tab.
driver.get("http://www.qaautomated.com/p/contact.html");
//Call switchToTab() method to switch to 1st tab
switchToTab();
}
public void switchToTab() {
//Switching between tabs using CTRL + tab keys.
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("body")).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL +"\t");
//Switch to current selected tab's content.
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
}
we can use keyboard events and automate opening and switching between multiple tabs very easily. This example is refered from HERE
I must say i tried this as well, and while it seemingly works with some bindings (Java, as far as Jonathan says, and ruby too, apparently), with others it doesnt: selenium python bindings report just one handle per window, even if containing multiple tabs
IJavaScriptExecutor is very useful class which can manipulate HTML DOM on run time through JavaScript, below is sample code on how to open a new browser tab in Selenium through IJavaScriptExecutor:
IJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor)driver;
object linkObj = js.ExecuteScript("var link = document.createElement('a');link.target='_blank';link.href='http://www.gmail.com';link.innerHTML='Click Me';document.getElementById('social').appendChild(link);return link");
/*IWebElement link = (IWebElement)linkObj;
link.Click();*/
browser.Click("//*[#id='social']/a[3]");
Just to give an insight, there are no methods in Selenium which would allow you to open new tab, the above code would dynamically create an anchor element and directs it open an new tab.
You can try this way, since there is action_chain in the new webdriver.
I'm using Python, so please ignore the grammar:
act = ActionChains(driver)
act.key_down(Keys.CONTROL)
act.click(link).perform()
act.key_up(Keys.CONTROL)
For MAC OS
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://google.com")
body = driver.find_element_by_tag_name("body")
body.send_keys(Keys.COMMAND + 't')
Java Robot can be used to send Ctrl+t (or Cmd+t if MAC OS X) as follows:
int vkControl = IS_OS_MAC ? KeyEvent.VK_META : KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL;
Robot robot = new Robot();
robot.keyPress(vkControl);
robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_T);
robot.keyRelease(vkControl);
robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_T);
A complete running example using Chrome as browser can be forked here.
I would prefer opening a new window. Is there really a difference in opening a new window vs opening a new tab from an automated solution perspective ?
you can modify the anchors target property and once clicked the target page would open in a new window.
Then use driver.switchTo() to switch to the new window. Use it to solve your issue
Instead of opening new tab you can open new window using below code.
for(String childTab : driver.getWindowHandles())
{
driver.switchTo().window(childTab);
}
Related
I am looking for some solution, like this in Selenium WebDriver:
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();options.addArgument("--start-maximized");
So browser window should be maximized when test is executed.
I found a profile based solution for this problem, but it opens a lot of tabs, which is maybe caused by escape characters.
#Test
public void chromeWithProfileLaunch() throws Exception {
String profileDir = "--user-data-dir=\"c:\\Temp\\profile1\""; //should be different folder every time
String leanftChromeExtension = "--load-extension=C:\\Program Files (x86)\\HPE\\LeanFT\\Installations\\Chrome\\Extension"; //to load the LeanFT extension
String homePage = "www.google.com"; //the homepage to start with
new ProcessBuilder("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe", profileDir, leanftChromeExtension, homePage)
.start();
Thread.sleep(2000); //wait for Chrome process to load
Browser openedBrowser = BrowserFactory.attach(new BrowserDescription.Builder().title("Google").type(BrowserType.CHROME).build());
Verify.areEqual(homePage, openedBrowser.getURL());
}
I don't know about maximized but LeanFT supports putting the browser in fullScreen mode.
LeanFT doesn't support maximize() out of the box yet.
However, you could use sendKeys() method.
I'm not entirely sure if you can to it on the browser instance directly, or you need to getPage() first, but you can definitelly send Super key (win key) + ↑ as specified here. ↓ for restoring back to the initial state.
Here's an example using sendKeys with Java SDK if you need it.
I have seen lots of questions and solutions on File upload using Selenium WebDriver on Stack Overflow. But none of them are working for following scenario.
Someone has given a solution as following
// assuming driver is a healthy WebDriver instance
WebElement fileInput = driver.findElement(By.name("uploadfile"));
fileInput.sendKeys("C:/path/to/file.jpg");
But still I can't find window handle. How can I work on that?
I am looking for a solution for the scenario above.
Please check this on any of the following websites.
http://www.uploadify.com/demos/
http://www.zamzar.com/
// assuming driver is a healthy WebDriver instance
WebElement fileInput = driver.findElement(By.name("uploadfile"));
fileInput.sendKeys("C:/path/to/file.jpg");
Hey, that's mine from somewhere :).
In case of the Zamzar web, it should work perfectly. You don't click the element. You just type the path into it. To be concrete, this should be absolutely ok:
driver.findElement(By.id("inputFile")).sendKeys("C:/path/to/file.jpg");
In the case of the Uploadify web, you're in a pickle, since the upload thing is no input, but a Flash object. There's no API for WebDriver that would allow you to work with browser dialogs (or Flash objects).
So after you click the Flash element, there'll be a window popping up that you'll have no control over. In the browsers and operating systems I know, you can pretty much assume that after the window has been opened, the cursor is in the File name input. Please, make sure this assumption is true in your case, too.
If not, you could try to jump to it by pressing Alt + N, at least on Windows...
If yes, you can "blindly" type the path into it using the Robot class. In your case, that would be something in the way of:
driver.findElement(By.id("SWFUpload_0")).click();
Robot r = new Robot();
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_C); // C
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_C);
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_COLON); // : (colon)
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_COLON);
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_SLASH); // / (slash)
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_SLASH);
// etc. for the whole file path
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER); // confirm by pressing Enter in the end
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
It sucks, but it should work. Note that you might need these: How can I make Robot type a `:`? and Convert String to KeyEvents (plus there is the new and shiny KeyEvent#getExtendedKeyCodeForChar() which does similar work, but is available only from JDK7).
For Flash, the only alternative I know (from this discussion) is to use the dark technique:
First, you modify the source code of you the flash application, exposing
internal methods using the ActionScript's ExternalInterface API.
Once exposed, these methods will be callable by JavaScript in the browser.
Second, now that JavaScript can call internal methods in your flash app,
you use WebDriver to make a JavaScript call in the web page, which will
then call into your flash app.
This technique is explained further in the docs of the flash-selenium project.
(http://code.google.com/p/flash-selenium/), but the idea behind the technique
applies just as well to WebDriver.
Below code works for me :
public void test() {
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://www.freepdfconvert.com/pdf-word");
driver.findElement(By.id("clientUpload")).click();
driver.switchTo()
.activeElement()
.sendKeys(
"/home/likewise-open/GLOBAL/123/Documents/filename.txt");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.findElement(By.id("convertButton"));
Using C# and Selenium this code here works for me, NOTE you will want to use a parameter to swap out "localhost" in the FindWindow call for your particular server if it is not localhost and tracking which is the newest dialog open if there is more than one dialog hanging around, but this should get you started:
using System.Threading;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
private static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);
[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindow")]
public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);
public static void UploadFile(this IWebDriver webDriver, string fileName)
{
webDriver.FindElement(By.Id("SWFUpload_0")).Click();
var dialogHWnd = FindWindow(null, "Select file(s) to upload by localhost");
var setFocus = SetForegroundWindow(dialogHWnd);
if (setFocus)
{
Thread.Sleep(500);
SendKeys.SendWait(fileName);
SendKeys.SendWait("{ENTER}");
}
}
I made use of sendkeys in shell scripting using a vbsscript file. Below is the code in vbs file,
Set WshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
WshShell.SendKeys "C:\Demo.txt"
WshShell.SendKeys "{ENTER}"
Below is the selenium code line to run this vbs file,
driver.findElement(By.id("uploadname1")).click();
Thread.sleep(1000);
Runtime.getRuntime().exec( "wscript C:/script.vbs" );
Find the element (must be an input element with type="file" attribute) and send the path to the file.
WebElement fileInput = driver.findElement(By.id("uploadFile"));
fileInput.sendKeys("/path/to/file.jpg");
NOTE: If you're using a RemoteWebDriver, you will also have to set a file detector. The default is UselessFileDetector
WebElement fileInput = driver.findElement(By.id("uploadFile"));
driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());
fileInput.sendKeys("/path/to/file.jpg");
There is a simpler way to solve this then what Slanec described. Hes solution works when you are using an English keyboard, if not you will have a hard time trying to "map" the key for special characters.
Instead of robot.keyPress and robot.keyRelease every single key you can use Toolkit to copy the String to the clipboard and then paste it.
StringSelection s = new StringSelection("Path to the file");
Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard().setContents(s, null);
Robot robot = new Robot();
robot.keyPress(java.awt.event.KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
robot.keyRelease(java.awt.event.KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
robot.keyPress(java.awt.event.KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL);
robot.keyPress(java.awt.event.KeyEvent.VK_V);
robot.keyRelease(java.awt.event.KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL);
Thread.sleep(3000);
robot.keyPress(java.awt.event.KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
First add the file to your project resource directory
then
public YourPage uploadFileBtnSendKeys() {
final ClassLoader classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
final File file = new File(classLoader.getResource("yourFile.whatever").getPath());
uploadFileBtn.sendKeys(file.getPath());
return this;
}
Walla, you will see your choosen selected file, and have skipped the file explorer window
Import System.Windows.Forms binary to the test solution and call the following two LOC on clicking the Upload button on the UI.
// Send the file path and enter file path and wait.
System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys.SendWait("complete path of the file");
System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys.SendWait("{ENTER}");
An alternative solution would be to write a script to automate the Open File dialog. See AutoIt.
Also, if you can't "click" the element, my workaround is generally to do this:
element.SendKeys(Keys.Enter);
Hope this helps (Even though it's an old post)
Below code works for me:
// wait for the window to appear
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());
// switch to the file upload window
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
// enter the filename
alert.sendKeys(fileName);
// hit enter
Robot r = new Robot();
r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
// switch back
driver.switchTo().activeElement();
You have put double slash \\ for the entire absolute path to achieve this
Example:- D:\\images\\Lighthouse.jpg
Steps
- use sendkeys for the button having browse option(The button which will open
your window box to select files)
- Now click on the button which is going to upload you file
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[#id='files']")).sendKeys("D:\\images\\Lighthouse.jpg");
Thread.sleep(5000);
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[#id='Upload']")).click();
Use AutoIt Script To Handle File Upload In Selenium Webdriver. It's working fine for the above scenario.
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("E:\\AutoIT\\FileUpload.exe");
Please use below link for further assistance:
http://www.guru99.com/use-autoit-selenium.html
webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector("--cssSelector--")).Click();
webDriver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().SendKeys(fileName);
worked well for me. Taking another approach provided in answer above by Matt in C# .net could also work with Class name #32770 for upload box.
The below one had worked for me
webDriver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[#type='file' and #name='importFile']")).sendKeys("C:/path/to/file.jpg");
Double the backslashes in the path, like this:
driver.findElement(browsebutton).sendKeys("C:\\Users\\Desktop\\Training\\Training.jpg");
I am working with Selenium, now there is a condition:
when I hit a button in my webpage a window pop up opens up.
Now I have to click a radio button (one out of two, it will work even if we send a TAB ) and then click an OK button. I searched in the net and got to know about "driver.getWindowHandle()".
But I don't have any idea dealing with the newly opened window popup.
Need help in this.
For switching purpose u can use enhanced for loop:
for (String winHandle : objDriver.getWindowHandles()) {
objDriver.switchTo().window(winHandle);
}
So it will switch the control from one driver window to child windows.
To interact with elements on the window try to find element with whatever tool u r using and perform the required action after switching to the window.
To return back to parent window you can use the same loop or use:
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
Check my answer in this post and also read the comments to help you understand the difference between getWindowHandle() and getWindowHandles()
Java: focus is not on pop-window during window handling
We handled this situation using AutoItX - https://www.autoitscript.com/site/ in our Windows/IE C# project:
AutoItX3 autoIt = new AutoItX3();
var handle = autoIt.WinWaitActive("[window title]", "", 20);
Assert.IsTrue(handle != 0", string.Format("Was not able to find: {0}", [window title]);
autoIt.Send("{ESCAPE}"); // tab may work as well for selection
The pop up was a Windows window, and not part of IE, therefore the WebDriver didn't know about it.
Hope this helps.
I am using three instances of fire fox driver for automation.I need to bring current active firefox browser into front, Because I am using some robo classes for some opertation. I had tried java script alert for google chrome in mac ( same operation) and its worked fine. In windows used user32 lib. In the case of firefox mac its showing the alert in background but the web page is not come into front.
((JavascriptExecutor)this.webDriver).executeScript("alert('Test')");
this.webDriver.switchTo().alert().accept();
The above code I used for chrome in Mac. Same code is working and showing alert for firefox but the window is not coming to front.
Please suggest if there any other method for doing the same in firefox.
Store the window handle first in a variable, and then use it to go back to the window later on.
//Store the current window handle
String currentWindowHandle = this.webDriver.getWindowHandle();
//run your javascript and alert code
((JavascriptExecutor)this.webDriver).executeScript("alert('Test')");
this.webDriver.switchTo().alert().accept();
//Switch back to to the window using the handle saved earlier
this.webDriver.switchTo().window(currentWindowHandle);
Additionally, you can try to maximise the window after switching to it, which should also activate it.
this.webDriver.manage().window().maximize();
Try switching using the window name:
driver.switchTo().window("windowName");
Alternatively, you can pass a "window handle" to the switchTo().window() method. Knowing this, it’s possible to iterate over every open window like so:
for (String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
driver.switchTo().window(handle);
}
Based on the Selenium documentation: http://docs.seleniumhq.org/docs/03_webdriver.jsp
As described in other topics, you can use
driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(-2000, 0));
too.
# notifications for selenium
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
prefs = {"profile.default_content_setting_values.notifications": 2}
chrome_options.add_experimental_option("prefs", prefs)
current_path = os.getcwd() # current working path
chrome_path = os.path.join(current_path, 'chromedriver')
browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chrome_path, chrome_options=chrome_options)
browser.switch_to.window(browser.current_window_handle)
browser.implicitly_wait(30)
browser.maximize_window()
browser.get("http://facebook.com")
Only thing that worked for me on mac: self.driver.fullscreen_window().
I want to be able to open a link in a new tab in Selenium 2. Also i want to close the tab when i am finished interacting with the page. How is this possible if I have a WebElement of an <a> tag?
I am using the Java API of Selenium 2 with the Firefox Driver, running on Firefox 4.
The way I figure out for selenium 2, work fine for Chrome and firefox, IE has security check issue:
Set<String> winSet = webDriver.getWindowHandles();
List<String> winList = new ArrayList<String>(winSet);
String newTab = winList.get(winList.size() - 1);
webDriver.close(); // close the original tab
webDriver.switchTo().window(newTab); // switch to new tab
At the moment, the Selenium WebDriver API doesn't have any way of handling tabs. The project would really need a consistent, cross-browser set of methods for managing tabs before I would expect to see an implementation in one of the language bindings like Java. Until then, your JavaScript solution may be the only way, and remember that your code would then be responsible for managing the lifetime of that tab.
to use selenium at its best we at sol-logics combine it with java.awt.robot class. you can send keys that can close a browser window. try using
Robot robot = new Robot();
robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL);
robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_W);
and reply if it works
Took awhile (~2 weeks) for me to track down the right sequence of commands, but this is by far the easiest method I've found for a Win7/Chrome setup to open a link in a new tab AND switch to the new tab automatically.
WARNING! Make sure to always perform the keyUp actions. If you fail to perform keyUp your system will keep those keys pressed until a reboot or keyUp occurs.
Windows 7/Chrome:
WebElement elem = driver.findElement(By.linkText("MyLinkText"));
// Chrome key combos:
// SHIFT + CTRL + click = Open in new tab (and switch to new tab)
// SHIFT + CTRL + RETURN = Open in new tab (in background)
Actions act = new Actions(driver);
act.keyDown(Keys.LEFT_CONTROL).keyDown(Keys.LEFT_SHIFT).perform();
// Wrap in a try/catch during implementation to ensure you perform keyUp(s).
elem.click();
act.keyUp(Keys.LEFT_CONTROL).keyDown(Keys.LEFT_SHIFT).perform();
Note: I know it's an old thread, I just wanted to catalog the solution here because I couldn't find a more elegant solution and wanted to save someone else a little time (hopefully :).
Edit: Typo
Here is how i did it using Python.
This solution is a bit dirty but it works if you want to close the tab.
Im mimicking the mac shortcut CMD + W to close a tab, if you are running windows you may have to implement a different key combination.
import from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://www.amazon.com/gp/search/ref=sr_in_-2_p_lbr_brands_browse-_2895?rh=n%3A172282%2Cn%3A!493964%2Cn%3A502394%2Cp_lbr_brands_browse-bin%3ALytro")
action_chains = ActionChains(driver)
action_chains.key_down(Keys.COMMAND + "w")
action_chains.perform()
action_chains.key_up(Keys.COMMAND + "w")
driver.implicitly_wait(5)
What I use is the Robor class.
Robot robot = new Robot();
robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL);
robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_W);
robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL);
robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_W);
This makes the Robot rapidly press and release the CTRL + W keys to simulate a user interaction. If you only use keyPress event, this will close all the tabs and windows of the WebDriver.
Hope I helped you.