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Cross-compile JavaFX+Swing desktop application using GraalVM

Background
I'd like to update my JavaFX+Swing desktop application's build process to cross-compile installer-free native binaries for Linux, MacOS, Windows, and JVM targets. The project uses Warp-Packer and BellSoft's FULL version of Liberica OpenJDK 19 to generate a self-extracting, self-running executable for Windows and Linux. In effect, end users can start using the application as follows:
Download the binary.
Run the binary.
I'd like to switch from Warp-Packer to GraalVM for various technical reasons.
Problem
I've tried creating a binary using BellSoft's Native Image Kit, Oracle's GraalVM, and Gluon's GraalVM without success.
Environment
The build environment:
$ java -version
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 19.0.1+11, mixed mode, sharing)
$ gradle --version
Gradle 7.6-rc-1
$ uname -a
Linux hostname 6.0.1-arch2-1 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Thu, 13 Oct 2022 18:58:49 +0000 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Links to the exact versions of OpenJDK and Gradle being used:
https://download.bell-sw.com/java/19.0.1+11/bellsoft-jdk19.0.1+11-linux-amd64-full.tar.gz
https://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.6-rc-1-bin.zip
The GraalVMs:
BellSoft's Native Image Kit: https://download.bell-sw.com/vm/22.3.0/bellsoft-liberica-vm-full-openjdk17.0.5+8-22.3.0+2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
Oracle's GraalVM: https://github.com/graalvm/graalvm-ce-builds/releases/download/vm-22.3.0/graalvm-ce-java19-linux-amd64-22.3.0.tar.gz
Gluon's GraalVM: https://github.com/gluonhq/graal/releases/download/gluon-22.1.0.1-Final/graalvm-svm-java17-linux-gluon-22.1.0.1-Final.tar.gz
Note that the application's build.gradle file targets JDK 17:
java {
sourceCompatibility = VERSION_17
targetCompatibility = VERSION_17
}
Further, the application targets JavaFX 19, which could be a problem:
javafx {
version = '19'
modules = ['javafx.controls', 'javafx.swing']
configuration = 'compileOnly'
}
Build
This section provides the complete steps to reproduce the problems I've encountered with each GraalVM implementation.
Native Image Kit
NIK fails due to a bug:
cd /tmp
wget https://download.bell-sw.com/vm/22.3.0/bellsoft-liberica-vm-openjdk17.0.5+8-22.3.0+2-src.tar.gz
mkdir nik
cd nik
tar xf ../bell*gz
grep -n InteropFactoryN graal/substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.hosted/src/com/oracle/svm/hosted/javafx/JavaFXReflection.java
This shows:
243: "com.sun.javafx.embed.swing.newimpl.InteropFactoryN",
In full context:
static void registerSwing(DuringAnalysisAccess access) {
registerReflectionClasses(access,
"com.sun.javafx.embed.swing.SwingFXUtilsImpl",
"com.sun.javafx.embed.swing.newimpl.InteropFactoryN",
"javafx.embed.swing.SwingNode",
"jdk.swing.interop.LightweightFrameWrapper");
}
If any reflected class doesn't exist, NIK terminates with an error. For example:
Fatal error: org.graalvm.compiler.debug.GraalError: com.oracle.svm.core.util.VMError$HostedError: class com.sun.javafx.embed.swing.newimpl.InteropFactoryN not found
The InteropFactoryN class was removed sometime between javafx-swing 11.0.2 and 12.0.2:
https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/openjfx/javafx-swing/11.0.2/javafx-swing-11.0.2-sources.jar
https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/openjfx/javafx-swing/12.0.2/javafx-swing-12.0.2-sources.jar
https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/openjfx/javafx-swing/17.0.2/javafx-swing-17.0.2-sources.jar
Verified using:
$ jar -tvf javafx-swing-12.0.2-sources.jar | grep FactoryN
$ jar -tvf javafx-swing-17.0.2-sources.jar | grep FactoryN
$ jar -tvf javafx-swing-11.0.2-sources.jar | grep FactoryN
2166 Wed Jan 16 10:19:04 PST 2019 com/sun/javafx/embed/swing/newimpl/InteropFactoryN.java
NIK is built upon OpenJDK 17, and the above confirms that the class was removed and not re-instated. Complete instructions to replicate the bug (Java and Gradle must be installed and available via the PATH):
cd /tmp
git clone https://github.com/DaveJarvis/keenwrite
cd keenwrite
gradle jar
mkdir -p src/main/resources/META-INF/native-image
wget "https://download.bell-sw.com/vm/22.3.0/bellsoft-liberica-vm-full-openjdk17.0.5+8-22.3.0+2-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
tar xf *gz
rm *gz
mv bell* nik
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$(pwd)/nik/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
# Run the app and use many options.
java \
-agentlib:native-image-agent=config-output-dir=src/main/resources/META-INF/native-image \
--add-opens=javafx.controls/javafx.scene.control=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-opens=javafx.controls/javafx.scene.control.skin=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-opens=javafx.graphics/javafx.scene.text=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-opens=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.css=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-opens=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.text=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-exports=javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-exports=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-exports=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.geom=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-exports=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.text=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-exports=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.scene=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-exports=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.scene.text=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-exports=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.scene.traversal=ALL-UNNAMED \
-jar build/libs/keenwrite.jar $#
# Exit the app when most of the features have been exercised.
# Fails due to missing reflective class, InteropFactoryN.
./nik/bin/native-image \
--add-modules=javafx.controls,javafx.swing \
--verbose \
-H:+ReportExceptionStackTraces \
--no-fallback \
--report-unsupported-elements-at-runtime \
-Djava.awt.headless=false \
-cp src/main/resources/META-INF/native-image \
-jar build/libs/keenwrite.jar
Gluon
Gluon fails because the JavaFX modules cannot be found. Here are the build instructions:
cd /tmp
git clone https://github.com/DaveJarvis/keenwrite
cd keenwrite
gradle clean jar
mkdir -p src/main/resources/META-INF/native-image
wget "https://github.com/gluonhq/graal/releases/download/gluon-22.1.0.1-Final/graalvm-svm-java17-linux-gluon-22.1.0.1-Final.tar.gz"
tar xf *gz
rm *gz
mv graalvm* graalvm
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$(pwd)/graalvm/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
java \
-agentlib:native-image-agent=config-output-dir=src/main/resources/META-INF/native-image \
--add-opens=javafx.controls/javafx.scene.control=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-opens=javafx.controls/javafx.scene.control.skin=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-opens=javafx.graphics/javafx.scene.text=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-opens=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.css=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-opens=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.text=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-exports=javafx.base/com.sun.javafx.event=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-exports=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-exports=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.geom=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-exports=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.text=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-exports=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.scene=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-exports=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.scene.text=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-exports=javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.scene.traversal=ALL-UNNAMED \
-jar build/libs/keenwrite.jar $#
./graalvm/bin/native-image \
--verbose \
-H:+ReportExceptionStackTraces \
--no-fallback \
--report-unsupported-elements-at-runtime \
-Djava.awt.headless=false \
-cp src/main/resources/META-INF/native-image \
-jar build/libs/keenwrite.jar
This fails because GraalVM cannot find JavaFX and Swing. I tried a variety of ways to instruct native-image where to find the JavaFX modules, including:
--module-path /opt/jdk/jmods/ --add-modules=javafx.controls,javafx.swing
I've also downloaded both the JavaFX 19 SDK and the JavaFX 19 jmods and tried using them, such as:
--module-path $(pwd)/javafx-sdk-19 --add-modules=...
--module-path $(pwd)/javafx-jmods-19 --add-modules=...
Neither of those approaches worked.
Oracle
Using the regular GraalVM failed well before any JavaFX issues would be encountered:
cd /tmp
git clone https://github.com/DaveJarvis/keenwrite
cd keenwrite
gradle jar
wget https://github.com/graalvm/graalvm-ce-builds/releases/download/vm-22.3.0/graalvm-ce-java19-linux-amd64-22.3.0.tar.gz
tar xf graalvm*
rm *gz
mv graalvm* graalvm
./graalvm/bin/gu install native-image
./graalvm/bin/native-image \
--verbose \
-H:+ReportExceptionStackTraces \
--no-fallback \
--report-unsupported-elements-at-runtime \
-Djava.awt.headless=false \
-jar build/libs/keenwrite.jar
This results in the following error:
Fatal error: java.lang.RuntimeException: There was an error linking the native image: Linker command exited with 1
I think the error is caused by:
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/keenwrite/graalvm/lib/static/linux-amd64/glibc/libawt.a(awt_LoadLibrary.o):(.bss.jvm+0x0): multiple definition of `jvm'; /tmp/keenwrite/graalvm/lib/static/linux-amd64/glibc/libawt_xawt.a(XlibWrapper.o):(.bss.jvm+0x0): first defined here
The full log is at:
https://textdoc.co/kweRFKOHDCV9ZE3A
Supplementary build process details are described on my blog.
Question
How do you cross-compile a JavaFX+Swing application using GraalVM to create a native Linux executable on Linux? More specifically, what steps do I need to run to build a native binary for my application using GraalVM?
Bounty
For some reason StackOverflow didn't update the bounty text. Here's the criteria for awarding:
The answer must provide the exact and complete set of commands to run that will produce a native executable on Linux. Further, the binary must be able to open and render an R Markdown file in the GUI as well as export the file to a PDF. That is, no functionality is lost. The resources and resource bundles don't have to work, but it'd be great if they did.

Getting WARNING [liquibase.resource] Cannot create filesystem for url file: <classpath jar> while liquibase update

I am trying to run liquibase for snowflake with liquibase jar
Version : 4.4.1
Getting error for my classpath jar file
[2022-03-23 11:50:57] WARNING [liquibase.resource] Cannot create filesystem for url file:./liquibase-snowflake-4.4.1.jar
And Error :
Caused by: net.snowflake.client.jdbc.SnowflakeSQLException: SQL compilation error:
Object 'DB.PUBLIC.DATABASECHANGELOG' does not exist or not authorized.
Command I am using :
java \
-jar liquibase.jar \
--username='user' \
--password='pass' \
--driver='net.snowflake.client.jdbc.SnowflakeDriver' \
--classpath=./liquibase-snowflake-4.4.1.jar:./snowflake-jdbc-3.9.2.jar \
--changeLogFile='./changelog.xml' \
--defaultSchemaName=PUBLIC \
--logLevel='info' \
--url='myurl' \
update
***Update :
Same version and same command working on mac os. But not working on amazon linux 2.
Using same openjdk 8 version

While checking liquibase code base I realise that there is a bug in liquibase.
I have raised the issue here is the link :
https://github.com/liquibase/liquibase/issues/2674
Also raised PR to fix it :
https://github.com/liquibase/liquibase/pull/2675
If anyone want to use one can build it locally and use.

When using Idea to remotely debug a project under Jetty, the prompt is :timeout during handshake

I am using Remote JVM Debug in IDEA to remotely debug my jetty project on the server with the following prompt：timeout during handshake
2021-12-20T03:14:04.816059981Z Listening for transport dt_socket at address: 16005
2021-12-20T03:14:05.755978464Z 2021-12-20 11:14:05.752:INFO::main: Logging initialized #1042ms to org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.StdErrLog
2021-12-20T03:14:05.866523012Z 2021-12-20 11:14:05.865:INFO:oeju.TypeUtil:main: JVM Runtime does not support Modules
2021-12-20T03:14:06.184914262Z 2021-12-20 11:14:06.184:INFO::main: Console stderr/stdout captured to /hostfiles/logs/2021_12_20.jetty.log
2021-12-20T03:20:02.669027944Z Debugger failed to attach: timeout during handshake
The startup configuration is as follows：
java -server \
-Xmx3550m \
-Xms3550m \
-Xmn1256m \
-Xss228k \
-Xdebug \
-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=16005 \
-XX:SurvivorRatio=6 \
-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=256m \
-XX:ParallelGCThreads=8 \
-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=0 \
-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC \
-jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar \
jetty.base=/hostfiles
Jetty is in Docker, using jdk 1.8, with the following preset parameters：

The current problem is caused by the fact that the forked JVM in Jetty is not configured efficiently.
See https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/issues/7299

VisualVM - Cannot take heap dump

When I click on the Heap Dump button in VisualVM 1.3.8, I get the following error:
Cannot take heap dump for user#localhost:9090
Am I missing a setting somewhere?
Edit #1
Environment is:
RHEL6
Tomcat 7.0.68
Java 1.7.0_45
Options are:
export CATALINA_OPTS="-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote=true\
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false \
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true \
-Djava.rmi.server.hostname=x.x.x.x \
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=/file_to_pwd \
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=/file_to_access \
-Xms1256m \
-Xmx1256m \
-XX:PermSize=768m \
-XX:MaxPermSize=768m \
-XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled \
-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 \
-XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled \
-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC \
-server"
Edit #2
Here is the listener for JMX.
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.JmxRemoteLifecycleListener" rmiRegistryPortPlatform="9090" rmiServerPortPlatform="9091" />

Here's what I ended up doing. We had JDK 1.8 also present on the server.
cd /path/to/java/jdk1.8.0_65/
./jmap -dump:format=b,file=/path/to/dump/tomcat_dump.bin PID
Open /path/to/dump/tomcat_dump.bin using VisualVM (I had to use Filezilla to bring it to my workstation).

One possible reason is permission issue. In Windows right click on the jvisualvm executable and run as administrator solves this issue.

Difficult to create .JAR in NetBeans

Good morning guys,
I'm trying to create a JAR in NetBeans, but I get messages:
C: \ Users \ Administrator \ Desktop \ Project \ nbproject \ build-impl.xml: 993: The Following error occurred while executing this line:
C: \ Users \ Administrator \ Desktop \ Project \ nbproject \ build-impl.xml: 837: copylibs does not support the "excludeFromCopy" attribute
NetBeans does not generate the .JAR because of the errors.
My specs:
Version of OS = Windows 7 64 Bit
Java version = 1.7.0_55
Netbeans version = 7.0.1

This looks like an existing bug. The simplest course of action would probably be to upgrade to the latest version of Netbeans.
Alternatively, you can create a new project and copy your source files over - it may solve the problem.