KDTree Implementation in Java - java

I'm looking for a KDTree implementation in Java.
I've done a google search and the results seem pretty haphazard. There are actually lots of results, but they're mostly just little one-off implementations, and I'd rather find something with a little more "production value". Something like apache collections or the excellent C5 collection library for .NET. Something where I can see the public bug tracker and check to see when the last SVN commit happened. Also, in an ideal world, I'd find a nice well-designed API for spatial data structures, and the KDTree would be just one class in that library.
For this project, I'll only be working in either 2 or 3 dimensions, and I'm mostly just interested in a good nearest-neighbors implementation.

In the book Algorithms in a Nutshell there is a kd tree implementation in java along with a few variations. All of the code is on oreilly.com and the book itself also walk you through the algorithm so you could build one yourself.

for future seekers. Java-ml library has a kd-tree implementation that work fine.
http://java-ml.sourceforge.net/

I've had success with Professor Levy's implementation found here. I realize you're looking for a more production-certified implementation so this is probably not a good fit.
However note to any passers-by, I've been using it for a while now in my photomosaic project with no issues. No guarantee but better than nothing :)

I created a KD-Tree implementation as part of an offline reverse geocoding library
https://github.com/AReallyGoodName/OfflineReverseGeocode

Maybe Nearest Neighbor Search and KD-trees from the Stony-Brook algorithm repository can help.

This is a full implementation for KD-Tree, I have used some libraries to store point and rectangle. These libraries are freely available. It is possible to do with these classes my making your own classes to store point and rectangle. Please share your feedback.
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.In;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.Point2D;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.RectHV;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdDraw;
public class KdTree {
private static class Node {
public Point2D point; // the point
public RectHV rect; // the axis-aligned rectangle corresponding to this
public Node lb; // the left/bottom subtree
public Node rt; // the right/top subtree
public int size;
public double x = 0;
public double y = 0;
public Node(Point2D p, RectHV rect, Node lb, Node rt) {
super();
this.point = p;
this.rect = rect;
this.lb = lb;
this.rt = rt;
x = p.x();
y = p.y();
}
}
private Node root = null;;
public KdTree() {
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return root == null;
}
public int size() {
return rechnenSize(root);
}
private int rechnenSize(Node node) {
if (node == null) {
return 0;
} else {
return node.size;
}
}
public void insert(Point2D p) {
if (p == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
if (isEmpty()) {
root = insertInternal(p, root, 0);
root.rect = new RectHV(0, 0, 1, 1);
} else {
root = insertInternal(p, root, 1);
}
}
// at odd level we will compare x coordinate, and at even level we will
// compare y coordinate
private Node insertInternal(Point2D pointToInsert, Node node, int level) {
if (node == null) {
Node newNode = new Node(pointToInsert, null, null, null);
newNode.size = 1;
return newNode;
}
if (level % 2 == 0) {//Horizontal partition line
if (pointToInsert.y() < node.y) {//Traverse in bottom area of partition
node.lb = insertInternal(pointToInsert, node.lb, level + 1);
if(node.lb.rect == null){
node.lb.rect = new RectHV(node.rect.xmin(), node.rect.ymin(),
node.rect.xmax(), node.y);
}
} else {//Traverse in top area of partition
if (!node.point.equals(pointToInsert)) {
node.rt = insertInternal(pointToInsert, node.rt, level + 1);
if(node.rt.rect == null){
node.rt.rect = new RectHV(node.rect.xmin(), node.y,
node.rect.xmax(), node.rect.ymax());
}
}
}
} else if (level % 2 != 0) {//Vertical partition line
if (pointToInsert.x() < node.x) {//Traverse in left area of partition
node.lb = insertInternal(pointToInsert, node.lb, level + 1);
if(node.lb.rect == null){
node.lb.rect = new RectHV(node.rect.xmin(), node.rect.ymin(),
node.x, node.rect.ymax());
}
} else {//Traverse in right area of partition
if (!node.point.equals(pointToInsert)) {
node.rt = insertInternal(pointToInsert, node.rt, level + 1);
if(node.rt.rect == null){
node.rt.rect = new RectHV(node.x, node.rect.ymin(),
node.rect.xmax(), node.rect.ymax());
}
}
}
}
node.size = 1 + rechnenSize(node.lb) + rechnenSize(node.rt);
return node;
}
public boolean contains(Point2D p) {
return containsInternal(p, root, 1);
}
private boolean containsInternal(Point2D pointToSearch, Node node, int level) {
if (node == null) {
return false;
}
if (level % 2 == 0) {//Horizontal partition line
if (pointToSearch.y() < node.y) {
return containsInternal(pointToSearch, node.lb, level + 1);
} else {
if (node.point.equals(pointToSearch)) {
return true;
}
return containsInternal(pointToSearch, node.rt, level + 1);
}
} else {//Vertical partition line
if (pointToSearch.x() < node.x) {
return containsInternal(pointToSearch, node.lb, level + 1);
} else {
if (node.point.equals(pointToSearch)) {
return true;
}
return containsInternal(pointToSearch, node.rt, level + 1);
}
}
}
public void draw() {
StdDraw.clear();
drawInternal(root, 1);
}
private void drawInternal(Node node, int level) {
if (node == null) {
return;
}
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.BLACK);
StdDraw.setPenRadius(0.02);
node.point.draw();
double sx = node.rect.xmin();
double ex = node.rect.xmax();
double sy = node.rect.ymin();
double ey = node.rect.ymax();
StdDraw.setPenRadius(0.01);
if (level % 2 == 0) {
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.BLUE);
sy = ey = node.y;
} else {
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.RED);
sx = ex = node.x;
}
StdDraw.line(sx, sy, ex, ey);
drawInternal(node.lb, level + 1);
drawInternal(node.rt, level + 1);
}
/**
* Find the points which lies in the rectangle as parameter
* #param rect
* #return
*/
public Iterable<Point2D> range(RectHV rect) {
List<Point2D> resultList = new ArrayList<Point2D>();
rangeInternal(root, rect, resultList);
return resultList;
}
private void rangeInternal(Node node, RectHV rect, List<Point2D> resultList) {
if (node == null) {
return;
}
if (node.rect.intersects(rect)) {
if (rect.contains(node.point)) {
resultList.add(node.point);
}
rangeInternal(node.lb, rect, resultList);
rangeInternal(node.rt, rect, resultList);
}
}
public Point2D nearest(Point2D p) {
if(root == null){
return null;
}
Champion champion = new Champion(root.point,Double.MAX_VALUE);
return nearestInternal(p, root, champion, 1).champion;
}
private Champion nearestInternal(Point2D targetPoint, Node node,
Champion champion, int level) {
if (node == null) {
return champion;
}
double dist = targetPoint.distanceSquaredTo(node.point);
int newLevel = level + 1;
if (dist < champion.championDist) {
champion.champion = node.point;
champion.championDist = dist;
}
boolean goLeftOrBottom = false;
//We will decide which part to be visited first, based upon in which part point lies.
//If point is towards left or bottom part, we traverse in that area first, and later on decide
//if we need to search in other part too.
if(level % 2 == 0){
if(targetPoint.y() < node.y){
goLeftOrBottom = true;
}
} else {
if(targetPoint.x() < node.x){
goLeftOrBottom = true;
}
}
if(goLeftOrBottom){
nearestInternal(targetPoint, node.lb, champion, newLevel);
Point2D orientationPoint = createOrientationPoint(node.x,node.y,targetPoint,level);
double orientationDist = orientationPoint.distanceSquaredTo(targetPoint);
//We will search on the other part only, if the point is very near to partitioned line
//and champion point found so far is far away from the partitioned line.
if(orientationDist < champion.championDist){
nearestInternal(targetPoint, node.rt, champion, newLevel);
}
} else {
nearestInternal(targetPoint, node.rt, champion, newLevel);
Point2D orientationPoint = createOrientationPoint(node.x,node.y,targetPoint,level);
//We will search on the other part only, if the point is very near to partitioned line
//and champion point found so far is far away from the partitioned line.
double orientationDist = orientationPoint.distanceSquaredTo(targetPoint);
if(orientationDist < champion.championDist){
nearestInternal(targetPoint, node.lb, champion, newLevel);
}
}
return champion;
}
/**
* Returns the point from a partitioned line, which can be directly used to calculate
* distance between partitioned line and the target point for which neighbours are to be searched.
* #param linePointX
* #param linePointY
* #param targetPoint
* #param level
* #return
*/
private Point2D createOrientationPoint(double linePointX, double linePointY, Point2D targetPoint, int level){
if(level % 2 == 0){
return new Point2D(targetPoint.x(),linePointY);
} else {
return new Point2D(linePointX,targetPoint.y());
}
}
private static class Champion{
public Point2D champion;
public double championDist;
public Champion(Point2D c, double d){
champion = c;
championDist = d;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String filename = "/home/raman/Downloads/kdtree/circle100.txt";
In in = new In(filename);
KdTree kdTree = new KdTree();
while (!in.isEmpty()) {
double x = in.readDouble();
double y = in.readDouble();
Point2D p = new Point2D(x, y);
kdTree.insert(p);
}
// kdTree.print();
System.out.println(kdTree.size());
kdTree.draw();
System.out.println(kdTree.nearest(new Point2D(0.4, 0.5)));
System.out.println(new Point2D(0.7, 0.4).distanceSquaredTo(new Point2D(0.9,0.5)));
System.out.println(new Point2D(0.7, 0.4).distanceSquaredTo(new Point2D(0.9,0.4)));
}
}

There is also JTS Topology Suite
The KdTree implementation only provides range search (no nearest-neighbors).
If nearest-neighbor is your thing look at STRtree

You are correct, there are not that many sites with kd implementation for java! anyways, kd tree is basically a binary search tree which a median value typically is calculated each time for that dimension. Here is simple KDNode and in terms of nearest neighbor method or full implementation take a look at this github project. It was the best one I could find for you. Hope this helps you.
private class KDNode {
KDNode left;
KDNode right;
E val;
int depth;
private KDNode(E e, int depth){
this.left = null;
this.right = null;
this.val = e;
this.depth = depth;
}

May be it will be interest for someone. Please see my nearest() (and KD Tree class) implementation for 2D tree in java:
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.Point2D;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.RectHV;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdDraw;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class KdTree {
private Node root;
private int size;
private static class Node {
private Point2D p; // the point
private RectHV rect; // the axis-aligned rectangle corresponding to this node
private Node lb; // the left/bottom subtree
private Node rt; // the right/top subtree
public Node(Point2D p, RectHV rect) {
this.p = p;
this.rect = rect;
}
}
public KdTree() {
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}
public int size() {
return size;
}
public boolean contains(Point2D p) {
if (p == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("argument to contains() is null");
return contains(root, p, 1);
}
private boolean contains(Node node, Point2D p, int level) {
if (node == null) return false; // a base case for recursive call
if (node.p.equals(p)) return true;
if (level % 2 == 0) { // search by y coordinate (node with horizontal partition line)
if (p.y() < node.p.y())
return contains(node.lb, p, level + 1);
else
return contains(node.rt, p, level + 1);
}
else { // search by x coordinate (node with vertical partition line)
if (p.x() < node.p.x())
return contains(node.lb, p, level + 1);
else
return contains(node.rt, p, level + 1);
}
}
public void insert(Point2D p) {
if (p == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("calls insert() with a null point");
root = insert(root, p, 1);
}
private Node insert(Node x, Point2D p, int level) {
if (x == null) {
size++;
return new Node(p, new RectHV(0, 0, 1, 1));
}
if (x.p.equals(p)) return x; // if we try to insert existed point just return its node
if (level % 2 == 0) { // search by y coordinate (node with horizontal partition line)
if (p.y() < x.p.y()) {
x.lb = insert(x.lb, p, level + 1);
if (x.lb.rect.equals(root.rect))
x.lb.rect = new RectHV(x.rect.xmin(), x.rect.ymin(), x.rect.xmax(), x.p.y());
}
else {
x.rt = insert(x.rt, p, level + 1);
if (x.rt.rect.equals(root.rect))
x.rt.rect = new RectHV(x.rect.xmin(), x.p.y(), x.rect.xmax(), x.rect.ymax());
}
}
else { // search by x coordinate (node with vertical partition line)
if (p.x() < x.p.x()) {
x.lb = insert(x.lb, p, level + 1);
if (x.lb.rect.equals(root.rect))
x.lb.rect = new RectHV(x.rect.xmin(), x.rect.ymin(), x.p.x(), x.rect.ymax());
}
else {
x.rt = insert(x.rt, p, level + 1);
if (x.rt.rect.equals(root.rect))
x.rt.rect = new RectHV(x.p.x(), x.rect.ymin(), x.rect.xmax(), x.rect.ymax());
}
}
return x;
}
public void draw() {
draw(root, 1);
}
private void draw(Node node, int level) {
if (node == null) return;
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.BLACK);
StdDraw.setPenRadius(0.01);
node.p.draw();
StdDraw.setPenRadius();
if (level % 2 == 0) {
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.BLUE);
StdDraw.line(node.rect.xmin(), node.p.y(), node.rect.xmax(), node.p.y());
}
else {
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.RED);
StdDraw.line(node.p.x(), node.rect.ymin(), node.p.x(), node.rect.ymax());
}
draw(node.lb, level + 1);
draw(node.rt, level + 1);
}
public Iterable<Point2D> range(RectHV rect) {
if (rect == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("calls range() with a null rect");
List<Point2D> points = new ArrayList<>(); // create an Iterable object with all points we found
range(root, rect, points); // call helper method with rects intersects comparing
return points; // return an Iterable object (It could be any type - Queue, LinkedList etc)
}
private void range(Node node, RectHV rect, List<Point2D> points) {
if (node == null || !node.rect.intersects(rect)) return; // a base case for recursive call
if (rect.contains(node.p))
points.add(node.p);
range(node.lb, rect, points);
range(node.rt, rect, points);
}
public Point2D nearest(Point2D query) {
if (isEmpty()) return null;
if (query == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("calls nearest() with a null point");
// set the start distance from root to query point
double best = root.p.distanceSquaredTo(query);
// StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.BLACK); // just for debugging
// StdDraw.setPenRadius(0.01);
// query.draw();
return nearest(root, query, root.p, best, 1); // call a helper method
}
private Point2D nearest(Node node, Point2D query, Point2D champ, double best, int level) {
// a base case for the recursive call
if (node == null || best < node.rect.distanceSquaredTo(query)) return champ;
// we'll need to set an actual best distance when we recur
best = champ.distanceSquaredTo(query);
// check whether a distance from query point to the traversed node less than
// distance from current champion to query point
double temp = node.p.distanceSquaredTo(query);
if (temp < best) {
best = temp;
champ = node.p;
}
if (level % 2 == 0) { // search by y coordinate (node with horizontal partition line)
// we compare y coordinate and decide go up or down
if (node.p.y() < query.y()) { // if true go up
champ = nearest(node.rt, query, champ, best, level + 1);
// important case - when we traverse node and go back up through the tree
// we need to decide whether we need to go down(left) in this node or not
// we just check our bottom (left) node on null && compare distance
// from query point to the nearest point of the node's rectangle and
// the distance from current champ point to thr query point
if (node.lb != null && node.lb.rect.distanceSquaredTo(query) < champ.distanceSquaredTo(query)) {
champ = nearest(node.lb, query, champ, best, level + 1);
}
}
else { // if false go down
champ = nearest(node.lb, query, champ, best, level + 1);
if (node.rt != null && node.rt.rect.distanceSquaredTo(query) < champ.distanceSquaredTo(query))
// when we traverse node and go back up through the tree
// we need to decide whether we need to go up(right) in this node or not
// we just check our top (right) node on null && compare distance
// from query point to the nearest point of the node's rectangle and
// the distance from current champ point to thr query point
champ = nearest(node.rt, query, champ, best, level + 1);
}
}
else {
// search by x coordinate (node with vertical partition line)
if (node.p.x() < query.x()) { // if true go right
champ = nearest(node.rt, query, champ, best, level + 1);
// the same check as mentioned above when we search by y coordinate
if (node.lb != null && node.lb.rect.distanceSquaredTo(query) < champ.distanceSquaredTo(query))
champ = nearest(node.lb, query, champ, best, level + 1);
}
else { // if false go left
champ = nearest(node.lb, query, champ, best, level + 1);
if (node.rt != null && node.rt.rect.distanceSquaredTo(query) < champ.distanceSquaredTo(query))
champ = nearest(node.rt, query, champ, best, level + 1);
}
}
return champ;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// unit tests
KdTree kd = new KdTree();
Point2D p1 = new Point2D(0.7, 0.2);
Point2D p2 = new Point2D(0.5, 0.4);
Point2D p3 = new Point2D(0.2, 0.3);
Point2D p4 = new Point2D(0.4, 0.7);
Point2D p5 = new Point2D(0.9, 0.6);
// Point2D query = new Point2D(0.676, 0.736);
Point2D query1 = new Point2D(0.972, 0.887);
// RectHV test = new RectHV(0, 0, 0.7, 0.4);
// Point2D query = new Point2D(0.331, 0.762);
// Point2D p6 = new Point2D(0.4, 0.4);
// Point2D p7 = new Point2D(0.1, 0.6);
// RectHV rect = new RectHV(0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.6);
kd.insert(p1);
kd.insert(p2);
kd.insert(p3);
kd.insert(p4);
kd.insert(p5);
System.out.println(kd.nearest(query1));
// System.out.println("Dist query to 0.4,0.7= " + query.distanceSquaredTo(p4));
// System.out.println("Dist query to RectHV 0.2,0,3= " + test.distanceSquaredTo(p4));
// kd.insert(p6);
// kd.insert(p7);
// System.out.println(kd.size);
// System.out.println(kd.contains(p3));
// // System.out.println(kd.range(rect));
kd.draw();
}
}

Thanks to theosem, really!
Based on his posted library (http://java-ml.sourceforge.net/) I made this code example:
package kdtreeexample; //place your package name here
import net.sf.javaml.core.kdtree.KDTree; //import library
public class KDTreeExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
KDTree kdTree = new KDTree(2); //2 dimensions (x, y)
// point insertion:
kdTree.insert(new double[]{4, 3}, 0); //insert points (x=4,y=3), index = 0
kdTree.insert(new double[]{1, 10}, 1); //insert points (x=1,y=10), index = 1
kdTree.insert(new double[]{10, 10}, 2); //insert points (x=10,y=10), index = 2
kdTree.insert(new double[]{5, 1}, 3); //insert points (x=5,y=1), index = 3
// nearest index to point in coordinates x, y:
int x = 0; //x coordinate for target point
int y = 11; //y coordinate for target point
int nearestIndex = (int) kdTree.nearest(new double[]{x, y}); //doing calculation here
// result:
System.out.println("Nearest point value index to point(" + x + ", " + y + ") = " + nearestIndex);
System.out.println(kdTree.toString()); //check the data
}
}

package kdtree;
class KDNode{
KDNode left;
KDNode right;
int []data;
public KDNode(){
left=null;
right=null;
}
public KDNode(int []x){
left=null;
right=null;
data = new int[2];
for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++)
data[k]=x[k];
}
}
class KDTreeImpl{
KDNode root;
int cd=0;
int DIM=2;
public KDTreeImpl() {
root=null;
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return root == null;
}
public void insert(int []x){
root = insert(x,root,cd);
}
private KDNode insert(int []x,KDNode t,int cd){
if (t == null)
t = new KDNode(x);
else if (x[cd] < t.data[cd])
t.left = insert(x, t.left, (cd+1)%DIM);
else
t.right = insert(x, t.right, (cd+1)%DIM);
return t;
}
public boolean search(int []data){
return search(data,root,0);
}
private boolean search(int []x,KDNode t,int cd){
boolean found=false;
if(t==null){
return false;
}
else {
if(x[cd]==t.data[cd]){
if(x[0]==t.data[0] && x[1]==t.data[1])
return true;
}else if(x[cd]<t.data[cd]){
found = search(x,t.left,(cd+1)%DIM);
}else if(x[cd]>t.data[cd]){
found = search(x,t.right,(cd+1)%DIM);
}
return found;
}
}
public void inorder(){
inorder(root);
}
private void inorder(KDNode r){
if (r != null){
inorder(r.left);
System.out.print("("+r.data[0]+","+r.data[1] +") ");
inorder(r.right);
}
}
public void preorder() {
preorder(root);
}
private void preorder(KDNode r){
if (r != null){
System.out.print("("+r.data[0]+","+r.data[1] +") ");
preorder(r.left);
preorder(r.right);
}
}
/* Function for postorder traversal */
public void postorder() {
postorder(root);
}
private void postorder(KDNode r) {
if (r != null){
postorder(r.left);
postorder(r.right);
System.out.print("("+r.data[0]+","+r.data[1] +") ");
}
}
}
public class KDTree {
/**
* #param args the command line arguments
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO code application logic here
KDTreeImpl kdt = new KDTreeImpl();
int x[] = new int[2];
x[0] = 30;
x[1] = 40;
kdt.insert(x);
x[0] = 5;
x[1] = 25;
kdt.insert(x);
x[0] = 10;
x[1] = 12;
kdt.insert(x);
x[0] = 70;
x[1] = 70;
kdt.insert(x);
x[0] = 50;
x[1] = 30;
kdt.insert(x);
System.out.println("Input Elements");
System.out.println("(30,40) (5,25) (10,12) (70,70) (50,30)\n\n");
System.out.println("Printing KD Tree in Inorder");
kdt.inorder();
System.out.println("\nPrinting KD Tree in PreOder");
kdt.preorder();
System.out.println("\nPrinting KD Tree in PostOrder");
kdt.postorder();
System.out.println("\nsearching...............");
x[0]=40;x[1]=40;
System.out.println(kdt.search(x));
}
}

Related

KD-Tree points are repeating and giving me the wrong output

I (tried) implementing a KD-Tree in Processing/Java and followed the logic that I've seen in dozens of posts and the wikipedia article, but I must've done something wrong since the output looks like this:
Instead of this:
Clearly something is off since nodes are repeating and doesn't look like the Wikipedia Tree at all.
Here is my buildKDTree function:
public Node buildKDTree(List<Point> pointList, int depth){
int size = pointList.size();
int axis = depth % 2;
Node newNode = new Node();
if(pointList.size() == 1)
{
System.out.print("I am a leaf \n");
System.out.print("Size of list: " + pointList.size() + "\n");
System.out.print("Point: " + pointList.get(0) + "\n");
newNode.point = pointList.get(0);
newNode.left = null;
newNode.right = null;
System.out.print("Node Point: " + newNode.point + "\n");
return newNode;
}
if(size <= 0)
{
return null;
}
if(axis == 0)
{
//sort by x
System.out.print("Sorting by X \n");
Comparator<Point> com = new xComp();
Collections.sort(pointList, com);
}
else if(axis == 1)
{
System.out.print("Sorting by Y \n");
Comparator<Point> com = new yComp();
Collections.sort(pointList, com);
}
int median = size/2;
//System.out.print("Median is: " + points.get(median) + " \n");
List<Point> beforeMedian = pointList.subList(0, median);
List<Point> afterMedian = pointList.subList(median, size);
newNode.point = pointList.get(median);
newNode.left = buildKDTree(beforeMedian, depth + 1);
newNode.right = buildKDTree(afterMedian, depth + 1);
return newNode;
}
My KD Tree class, Node class, and Point class:
class KDTree{
Node root;
public KDTree()
{
root = null;
}
}
class Node{
Node left;
Node right;
Point point;
Node(Point _p, Node l, Node r){
point = _p;
left = l;
right = r;
}
Node(Node l, Node r){
left = l;
right = r;
}
Node(){
left = null;
right = null;
point = null;
}
Node(Point _p)
{
point = _p;
left = null;
right = null;
}
void setPoint(Point _p)
{
point = _p;
}
}
class Point {
public PVector p;
boolean isNearestNeighbor = false;
boolean isSearchLocation = false;
public Point( float x, float y ){
p = new PVector(x,y);
isNearestNeighbor = false;
isSearchLocation = false;
}
public Point(PVector _p0 ){
p = _p0;
}
}
How i'm printing the tree:
public void printLevelOrder(Node root)
{
if(root == null )
{
return;
}
Queue<Node> q =new LinkedList<Node>();
q.add(root);
while(true)
{
int nodeCount = q.size();
if(nodeCount == 0)
{
break;
}
while(nodeCount > 0)
{
Node node = q.peek();
System.out.print("("+node.point + ")");
q.remove();
if(node.left != null)
{
q.add(node.left);
}
if(node.right != null)
{
q.add(node.right);
}
if(nodeCount > 1)
{
System.out.print(", ");
}
nodeCount--;
}
System.out.println();
}
}
Any help would be appreciated! I've been looking at this for hours so maybe I'm missing something simple.
Rather than providing some hints on what is likely going wrong, I'd like to suggest some steps to solving this issue yourself:
break the buildKDTree method into several smaller methods performing much smaller functions (e.g. build leaf, sort sublists etc.)
unit test each one to make sure it does exactly what you expect
unit test the whole function using simple cases moving to more complex cases
if any of those unit tests behave in an unexpected manner, use an interactive debugger to find out what is going
if you can't understand why something is behaving in a certain way, as a question on SO about that case
finally, once everything is behaving correctly, apply to a realistic case
This may take a little longer but you'll learn a lot more in the process.

Trying to implement a 2D BST but my add and contains method are not working

I'm attempting to implement a kd tree, in the form of a 2D tree, however, my implementation is failing. Essentially, what I'm doing is at each level of the tree, an item is added based on either its x or y coordinate. After one adds the root node, the next node added is compared to the root nodes x coordinate and if it is less, it's placed on the left side of the root node, and if it is greater, on the right side of the root node. The next node after the 2nd node iist then added based on x-coordinate again as like in a BST, a maximum of 2 nodes can only be added per parent. The third node would be compared based on the y-coordinate.
I have made some strides to get my add and search (contains method to work) but to no avail. I have tried doing conditional tests to check whether or not the nodes when added should go on the left hand side of the root or other nodes (if their x-coord is smaller) my add method does not seem to be working. Here is my entire program so far.
import java.util.*;
public class TwoDTree {
/*************
* attributes
************/
TwoDTreeNode root;
/***************
* constructor
**************/
TwoDTree() {
root = null;
}
/**********
* methods
*********/
/**
* To Do: adds a new node with the given x and y coordinates to the TwoDTree
*
* #param x
* #param y
*/
public void add(int x, int y) {
TwoDTreeNode currentNode = root;
TwoDTreeNode previousNode = null;
TwoDTreeNode newNode = new TwoDTreeNode(x,y);
boolean useXCoordinate = false;
boolean useLeftSubTree = false;
while (currentNode != null) {
useLeftSubTree = useXCoordinate ? (newNode.xCoordinate < currentNode.xCoordinate) : (newNode.yCoordinate < currentNode.yCoordinate);
useXCoordinate = !useXCoordinate;
}
if (root == null) {
root = new TwoDTreeNode(x, y);
} else if (useLeftSubTree) {
previousNode.left = new TwoDTreeNode(x,y);
} else {
previousNode.right =new TwoDTreeNode(x,y);
}
}
/**
*
* #param x
* #param y
* #returns true if a node with the given x and y coordinates exist in the
* tree.
*/
public boolean contains(int x, int y) {
TwoDTreeNode currentNode = root;
TwoDTreeNode newNode = new TwoDTreeNode(x,y);
boolean useXCoordinate = false;
boolean useLeftSubTree = false;
while (currentNode != null) {
useLeftSubTree = useXCoordinate ? (newNode.xCoordinate < currentNode.xCoordinate) : (newNode.yCoordinate < currentNode.yCoordinate);
useXCoordinate = !useXCoordinate;
if ((currentNode.xCoordinate == newNode.xCoordinate) && (currentNode.yCoordinate == newNode.yCoordinate)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* A method which prints a level order traversal of the tree
*/
public void levelOrderPrint() {
Queue<TwoDTreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<TwoDTreeNode>();
queue.add(root);
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
TwoDTreeNode node = queue.poll();
System.out.print("(" + node.xCoordinate + "," + node.yCoordinate + ")");
if (node.left != null)
queue.add(node.left);
if (node.right != null)
queue.add(node.right);
}
System.out.println();
}
public static void main (String[] args) {
System.out.println("Building a tree of nodes: (30,40) (5,25) (10,12) (70,70) (50,30) (35,40)");
TwoDTree tDTree = new TwoDTree();
tDTree.add(30, 40);
tDTree.add(5, 25);
tDTree.add(10, 12);
tDTree.add(70, 70);
tDTree.add(50, 30);
tDTree.add(35, 40);
System.out.println("Level order traversal for this tree is:");
tDTree.levelOrderPrint();
System.out.println("contains(5,25) returned: " + tDTree.contains(5, 25));
System.out.println("contains (10,13) returned: " + tDTree.contains(10, 13));
System.out.println("contains (35,45) returned: " + tDTree.contains(35, 45));
}
private static class TwoDTreeNode {
/*************
* attributes
************/
int xCoordinate;
int yCoordinate;
TwoDTreeNode right;
TwoDTreeNode left;
/***************
* constructors
**************/
TwoDTreeNode(int x, int y) {
xCoordinate = x;
yCoordinate = y;
}
TwoDTreeNode(int x, int y, TwoDTreeNode leftChild, TwoDTreeNode rightChild) {
xCoordinate = x;
yCoordinate = y;
left = leftChild;
right = rightChild;
}
}
}

Finding the path though a list of vectors

I have a list of 325 nodes on a map of earth.
These nodes map out the planet with shipping routes.
I've tasked to make an method that can find the shortest route in distance from one node to another only using a path of nodes. It needs to be real time and quick as there will be possibly hundreds of boats.
I've looked into A* and Dijkstras solutions but they don't deal with corner well?
I was thinking about using the angle and the distances but I'm not sure how I would implement it.
Each node on the map is as the following object in an objectMap. Int being the node number.
The nodes and calculations were done within the loading of the app. So we have all of that.
The below class is contained in the objectMap and works nicely.
public static class Node
{
private int nodeNumber;
private Vector2 pos;
private int connectedNodes[];
private ObjectMap<Integer, Node> masterList;
private ObjectMap<Integer, Float> connectedNodeDistances;
private ObjectMap<Integer, Float> connectedNodeDegrees;
public Node(int nodeNumber, float x, float y, int connectedNodes[], ObjectMap<Integer, Node> masterList)
{
this.nodeNumber = nodeNumber;
float areaX = x / MapCreator.WORLD_SCALE;
float areaY = y / MapCreator.WORLD_SCALE;
this.pos = new Vector2(areaX / MapCreator.CURRENT_DOWN_SIZE_X, (PolyUtils.getInstance().getScreenPercentageY(1f) - (areaY / MapCreator.CURRENT_DOWN_SIZE_X)) - MapCreator.TOP_EXTRA);
this.connectedNodes = connectedNodes;
this.masterList = masterList;
this.connectedNodeDistances = new ObjectMap<Integer, Float>();
this.connectedNodeDegrees = new ObjectMap<Integer, Float>();
}
public void calculateDistances()
{
for(int eachConnectedNode : connectedNodes)
{
float angleDegree = new Vector2(this.pos).sub(masterList.get(eachConnectedNode).getPos()).angle();
connectedNodeDistances.put(eachConnectedNode, this.pos.dst(masterList.get(eachConnectedNode).getPos()));
connectedNodeDegrees.put(eachConnectedNode, angleDegree);
}
}
public int getNodeNumber() {
return nodeNumber;
}
public float getDistanceFromNode(int number)
{
return connectedNodeDistances.get(number);
}
public Vector2 getPos() {
return pos;
}
public int[] getConnectedNodes() {
return connectedNodes;
}
}
Where I'm stuck is:
public Array<Node> getFastestRoute(Vector2 startPos, Vector2 endPos, int numberOfAttempts)
{
Array<Array<Node>> potentialRoutes = new Array<Array<Node>>();
int sizeOfShortestRouteNodes = 999999;
for(int index = 0; index < numberOfAttempts; index++)
{
Array<Node> newRoute = getListOfNodes(startPos, endPos, MathUtils.random(-0.75f, 0.75f));
if(newRoute != null)
{
if(newRoute.size < sizeOfShortestRouteNodes)
{
potentialRoutes.clear();
potentialRoutes.add(newRoute);
sizeOfShortestRouteNodes = potentialRoutes.size;
}
else if(newRoute.size == sizeOfShortestRouteNodes)
{
potentialRoutes.add(newRoute);
}
}
}
return getShortestRouteDistance(potentialRoutes);
}
private Array<Node> getListOfNodes(Vector2 startPos, Vector2 endPos, float randomizationSeed)
{
//TODO Draw as lines as test.
Array<Node> nodeList = new Array<Node>();
Array<Node> deadNodes = new Array<Node>();
int iterations = 0;
final int maxIterations = 100; //Needs to be low so that boat trip isn't too long also helps performance.
nodeList.add(getNearestNode(startPos));
Node lastNode = getNearestNode(endPos);
Node currentNode = nodeList.first();
while(true)
{
float currentNodeToEndAngle = new Vector2(new Vector2(currentNode.getPos())).sub(endPos).angle();
//Find closest direction
Node closestNodeInDirection = null;
float closestDirection = 361;
for(int eachConnectedNode : currentNode.getConnectedNodes())
{
Node potentialNode = boatNodes.get((eachConnectedNode));
if(!deadNodes.contains(potentialNode, true))
{
float angleToEndNodeFromCurrent = (new Vector2(currentNode.getPos()).sub(potentialNode.getPos()).angle());
//Randomize the direction from the seed.
angleToEndNodeFromCurrent = angleToEndNodeFromCurrent * randomizationSeed;
float differenceInDegrees = Math.abs(angleToEndNodeFromCurrent - currentNodeToEndAngle);
if(differenceInDegrees < closestDirection)
{
closestDirection = differenceInDegrees;
closestNodeInDirection = potentialNode;
}
}
}
//No new nodes.
if(closestNodeInDirection == null)
{
//Go back and try another route.
if(nodeList.size > 1)
{
nodeList.pop();
currentNode = nodeList.peek();
}
}
//Adding nodes.
if(closestNodeInDirection != null && lastNode != closestNodeInDirection)
{
nodeList.add(closestNodeInDirection);
deadNodes.add(closestNodeInDirection);
currentNode = closestNodeInDirection;
}
else if(closestNodeInDirection != null)
{
//Last node reached.
nodeList.add(lastNode);
return nodeList;
}
//Iterations too many.
iterations++;
if(iterations >= maxIterations){
return null;
}
}
}
public Array<Node> getShortestRouteDistance(Array<Array<Node>> allNodeRoutes)
{
Array<Node> shortestRoute = null;
float shortestRouteLength = 99999f;
for(int arraysIndex = 0; arraysIndex < allNodeRoutes.size; arraysIndex++)
{
Array<Node> nodeArray = allNodeRoutes.get(arraysIndex);
float lengthOfThisRoute = 0f;
for(int nodesIndex = 0; nodesIndex < nodeArray.size; nodesIndex++)
{
Node nextNode = null;
Node thisNode = nodeArray.get(nodesIndex);
if(nodesIndex + 1 < nodeArray.size)
{
nextNode = nodeArray.get(nodesIndex + 1);
}
if(nextNode != null)
{
lengthOfThisRoute += thisNode.getDistanceFromNode(nextNode.getNodeNumber());
}
}
if(lengthOfThisRoute < shortestRouteLength)
{
shortestRouteLength = lengthOfThisRoute;
shortestRoute = nodeArray;
}
}
return shortestRoute;
}
What you are describing is a well known problem with A* and Dijkstras --- and the solution is to not use either of them.
What you need is an "any-angle" algorithm --- so you should use an algorithm called Theta* instead. This approach properly cuts near the corners while avoiding obstacles.
In fact, it is quite similar to the approach you already came up with! I recommend reading the excellent article here, it is a very good explanation of what to do:
Theta*: Any-Angle Path Planning for Smoother Trajectories in Continuous Environments

Add polynomials together using recursion

I need to add two polynomials together using a recursive method.
This is for a past-due assignment (I imagine a similar thing will be on a test).
Main class:
public class Polynomial {
private Node poly;
public Polynomial(){
poly = new Node();
}
private Polynomial(Node node){
poly = node;
}
public void addTerm(int coef, int exp){
Term term = new Term(coef, exp);
Node node = new Node(term, null);
Node iterator = poly;
//if the list is empty just add the node
if (poly.next == null){
System.out.println("poly.next is null. adding node to first pos.");
poly.next = node;
return;
}
//if list isn't empty find the appropriate spot for it
while (iterator.next != null){
System.out.println("iterator.next != null...");
if (exp < iterator.next.data.exp){
System.out.println("\texp < iterator.next.data.exp");
node.next = iterator.next;
iterator.next = node;
return;
}
if (exp == iterator.next.data.exp){
System.out.println("\texp == iterator.next.data.exp");
iterator.next.data.coef += coef;
return;
}
iterator = iterator.next;
}
//if we get to this point then the list isn't empty
//and it doesn't fit inside the list, hence it must
//be added to the end of the list
System.out.println("list wasn't empty, didn't fit inside");
iterator.next = node;
return;
}
#Override
public String toString(){
Node iterator = poly;
String out = "";
if (poly.next == null){
return out;
}
while(iterator.next != null){
out += iterator.next.data.coef;
out += "*x^";
out += iterator.next.data.exp;
out += " + ";
iterator = iterator.next;
}
return out.substring(0, out.lastIndexOf('+'));
}
public Polynomial addPolynomial (Polynomial that){
Polynomial ret = new Polynomial();
Polynomial iterator = this;
return addPolynomial(that, ret, iterator);
}
public Polynomial addPolynomial(Polynomial that, Polynomial ret, Polynomial iterator){
if (iterator.poly.next == null){
return new Polynomial(that.poly);
}
if (that.poly.next == null){
return new Polynomial(iterator.poly);
}
if (iterator.poly.next.data.exp < that.poly.next.data.exp){
ret.addTerm(iterator.poly.next.data.coef, iterator.poly.next.data.exp);
iterator.poly = iterator.poly.next;
return iterator.addPolynomial(that);
}
if (iterator.poly.next.data.exp == that.poly.next.data.exp){
ret.addTerm(iterator.poly.next.data.coef + that.poly.next.data.coef, iterator.poly.next.data.exp);
iterator.poly = iterator.poly.next;
that.poly = that.poly.next;
return iterator.addPolynomial(that);
}
if (iterator.poly.next.data.exp > that.poly.next.data.exp){
ret.addTerm(that.poly.next.data.coef, that.poly.next.data.exp);
that.poly = that.poly.next;
return iterator.addPolynomial(that);
}
return ret;
}
/*
* Term
*/
private class Term implements Comparable{
int coef;
int exp;
public int getCoef() {
return coef;
}
public void setCoef(int coef) {
this.coef = coef;
}
public int getExp() {
return exp;
}
public void setExp(int exp) {
this.exp = exp;
}
public Term(int coef, int exp) {
this.coef = coef;
this.exp = exp;
}
public int compareTo(Object rhs){
Term that = (Term)rhs;
return this.exp - that.exp;
}
}//end Term
/*
* Node
*/
private class Node{
Term data;
Node next;
public Term getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(Term data) {
this.data = data;
this.next = null;
}
public Node getNext() {
return next;
}
public void setNext(Node next) {
this.next = next;
}
public Node() {
this.data = null;
this.next = null;
}
public Node(Term data, Node next) {
this.data = data;
this.next = next;
}
}//end Node
}
Test Class:
public class Polynomials {
/**
* #param args the command line arguments
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
Polynomial p1 = new Polynomial();
Polynomial p2 = new Polynomial();
Polynomial p0 = new Polynomial();
p1.addTerm(1, 2);
p1.addTerm(1, 4);
p1.addTerm(1, 6);
p2.addTerm(1, 1);
p2.addTerm(1, 3);
p2.addTerm(1, 5);
System.out.println("p1 = " + p1.toString());
System.out.println("p2 = " + p2.toString());
System.out.println("Adding p1 to p2...");
p0 = p1.addPolynomial(p2);
System.out.println(p0.toString());
}
}
Have you considered this way of doing it?
public class Polynomial {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Polynomial p1 = new Polynomial();
Polynomial p2 = new Polynomial();
Polynomial p0 = new Polynomial();
p1.addTerm(1, 2);
p1.addTerm(1, 4);
p1.addTerm(1, 6);
p2.addTerm(1, 1);
p2.addTerm(2, 3);
p2.addTerm(2, 2);
p2.addTerm(1, 5);
System.out.println("p1 = " + p1.toString());
System.out.println("p2 = " + p2.toString());
System.out.println("Adding p1 to p2...");
p0 = p1.addPolynomial(p2);
System.out.println(p0.toString());
for(int i = 0;i < 100;i++) {
p1 = new Polynomial();
p2 = new Polynomial();
for(int j = 0;j < 4;j++) {
p1.addTerm((int) (10 * Math.random()) - 5,
(int) (4 * Math.random()));
p2.addTerm((int) (10 * Math.random()) - 5,
(int) (4 * Math.random()));
}
p0 = p1.addPolynomial(p2);
System.out.println(p1 + "\n" + p2 + "\n" + p0 + "\n");
}
}
enum Comp {
LT, EQ, GT
}
static Comp cmp(int a, int b) {
return (a < b) ? Comp.LT : (a == b) ? Comp.EQ : Comp.GT;
}
private Term poly;
public Polynomial() {
poly = null;
}
public void addTerm(int coef, int exp) {
if (coef == 0) return;
Term term = new Term(coef, exp,null);
if (poly == null) {
poly = term;
} else {
poly = poly.add(term);
}
}
#Override
public String toString() {
if (poly == null) return "0";
StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
poly.writeTo(buf);
return buf.toString();
}
public Polynomial addPolynomial(Polynomial that) {
Polynomial ret = new Polynomial();
if (poly != null) {
ret.poly = new Term(poly);
if (that.poly != null) {
ret.poly = ret.poly.add(new Term(that.poly));
}
} else if (that.poly != null) {
ret.poly = new Term(that.poly);
}
return ret;
}
private class Term {
final int coef;
final int exp;
final Term next;
Term(int coef, int exp, Term next) {
this.coef = coef;
this.exp = exp;
this.next = next;
}
Term(Term copy) {
this.coef = copy.coef;
this.exp = copy.exp;
if (copy.next == null) {
this.next = null;
} else {
this.next = new Term(copy.next);
}
}
Term add(Term other) {
if (other == null) return this;
switch (cmp(this.exp, other.exp)) {
case LT: {
Term n = other.add(this);
return n;
}
case GT: {
if (next == null) {
return new Term(coef,exp,other);
}
return new Term(coef,exp,next.add(other));
}
default: {
Term n = (next==null) ? other.next : next.add(other.next);
int nc = coef+other.coef;
return (nc!=0) ? new Term(nc,exp,n) : n;
}
}
}
public void writeTo(StringBuilder app) {
if (coef != 1 || exp == 0) app.append(coef);
if (exp == 1) {
app.append("x");
} else if (exp != 0) {
app.append("x^").append(exp);
}
if (next != null) {
app.append('+');
next.writeTo(app);
}
}
}
}
Well that's certainly a bit more complex than necessary.
So you want to add a Polynomial to an already existing one, i.e.:
4*x^2 + 4 to 5*x^4+x+5, which results in: 5*x^4+4*x^2+x+9
You could obviously simplify the problem quite a bit by just using an array, but it's also not that hard with a linked list, the code should look something like this:
You have two pointers one pointing to the current position in the polynomial we want to add values (term1) and another one in the one we want to add (term2), both initialized to the lowest entry in the linked list (which we assume is sorted according to the exponent).
while term1 != NULL && term2 != NULL do:
term1 > term2:
add term2 to list
term2 = term2.next()
term2 > term1:
term1 = term1.next()
term1 = term2:
add term2 to term1
term1 = term1.next()
term2 = term2.next()
while term1 == NULL && term2 != NULL:
add term2
term2 = term2.next()
You can easily adapt that to also create a new polynomial instead of adding one to the other.
Okay so a little bit more details on how to turn the iterative solution into a recursive one:
The first thing you always have to do when thinking about recursion is your exit condition.
In this case if you think about that's easy: We only do work as long as term2 is not NULL, as soon as term2 is NULL we're finished.
The next step is thinking about a good method signature and that's also quite easy this time, since we only need the two terms, so you can just use the two iterators:
void addTogether(Iterator term1, Iterator term2); (assuming you're using an interface that's similar to the ListIterator, since you need to insert at the position before term1 - there are several ways to implement that)
ANd now you've just got to get rid of the while loops and replace them with a recursive call (in which you distinguish the different cases, do the necessary action and call it again)

Unable to implement A Star in java

I've been trying all day to get this algorithm up and running, but I cant for the life of me. I've read many tutorials on the net, and source code in AS3, javascript, and C++; but I cannot adapt what I am seeing to my own code.
I have created an AStar class that has a nested class named Node. The map is a 2D array named MAP.
The biggest problem that I am having is pulling the F value in the pathfind function.
I have implemented the F = G + H, my problem is the actual AStar algorithm. Can someone please help, this is how far I've got as of yet:
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class AStar
{
int MAP[][];
Node startNode, endNode;
public AStar(int MAP[][], int startXNode, int startYNode,
int endXNode, int endYNode)
{
this.MAP = MAP;
startNode = new Node(startXNode, startYNode);
endNode = new Node(endXNode, endYNode);
}
public void pathfinder()
{
ArrayList openList = new ArrayList();
ArrayList closedList = new ArrayList();
}
public int F(Node startNode, Node endNode)
{
return (H(startNode, endNode) + G(startNode));
}
//H or Heuristic part of A* algorithm
public int H(Node startNode, Node endNode)
{
int WEIGHT = 10;
int distance = (Math.abs(startNode.getX() - endNode.getX()) + Math.abs(startNode.getY() - endNode.getY()));
return (distance * WEIGHT);
}
public int G(Node startNode)
{
if(MAP[startNode.getX() - 1][startNode.getY()] != 1)
{
return 10;
}
if(MAP[startNode.getX() + 1][startNode.getY()] != 1)
{
return 10;
}
if(MAP[startNode.getX()][startNode.getY() -1] != 1)
{
return 10;
}
if(MAP[startNode.getX()][startNode.getY() + 1] != 1)
{
return 0;
}
return 0;
}
public class Node
{
private int NodeX;
private int NodeY;
private int gScore;
private int hScore;
private int fScore;
public Node(int NodeX, int NodeY)
{
this.NodeX = NodeX;
this.NodeY = NodeY;
}
public int getX()
{
return NodeX;
}
public int getY()
{
return NodeY;
}
public int getG()
{
return gScore;
}
public void setG(int gScore)
{
this.gScore = gScore;
}
public int getH()
{
return hScore;
}
public void setH(int hScore)
{
this.hScore = hScore;
}
public int getF()
{
return fScore;
}
public void setF(int fScore)
{
this.fScore = fScore;
}
}
}
This is the furthest I can ever get with the pathfinder function:
public void pathfinder()
{
LinkedList<Node> openList = new LinkedList();
LinkedList<Node> closedList = new LinkedList();
Node currentNode;
openList.add(startNode);
while(openList.size() > 0)
{
currentNode = (Node) openList.get(0);
closedList.add(currentNode);
for(int i = 0; i < openList.size(); i++)
{
int cost = F(currentNode, endNode);
}
}
}
I recently threw this A* code together to solve a Project Euler problem. You'll have to fill in the details for a matrix of Node objects. Use it at your own risk, however I can say it solved the problem :)
public class Node {
List<Node> neighbors = new ArrayList<Node>();
Node parent;
int f;
int g;
int h;
int x;
int y;
int cost;
}
public List<Node> aStar(Node start, Node goal) {
Set<Node> open = new HashSet<Node>();
Set<Node> closed = new HashSet<Node>();
start.g = 0;
start.h = estimateDistance(start, goal);
start.f = start.h;
open.add(start);
while (true) {
Node current = null;
if (open.size() == 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("no route");
}
for (Node node : open) {
if (current == null || node.f < current.f) {
current = node;
}
}
if (current == goal) {
break;
}
open.remove(current);
closed.add(current);
for (Node neighbor : current.neighbors) {
if (neighbor == null) {
continue;
}
int nextG = current.g + neighbor.cost;
if (nextG < neighbor.g) {
open.remove(neighbor);
closed.remove(neighbor);
}
if (!open.contains(neighbor) && !closed.contains(neighbor)) {
neighbor.g = nextG;
neighbor.h = estimateDistance(neighbor, goal);
neighbor.f = neighbor.g + neighbor.h;
neighbor.parent = current;
open.add(neighbor);
}
}
}
List<Node> nodes = new ArrayList<Node>();
Node current = goal;
while (current.parent != null) {
nodes.add(current);
current = current.parent;
}
nodes.add(start);
return nodes;
}
public int estimateDistance(Node node1, Node node2) {
return Math.abs(node1.x - node2.x) + Math.abs(node1.y - node2.y);
}
I dont know if you are trying only to use simple types, or if you just didn't think about it, but you need to have a PriorityQueue to get your A* working.
A good way to think is that you put your startpoint into a priority queue with distance 0, and then start a loop that only stops when the prioriy queue is empty.
In the loop you take the min-node out, and check to see if it hasnt been open before, or if it has, if you have now found a shorter way to it.
If either these are true, you add the distance to the new node, add the edge/from-square to a map, and then add the distance + heuristic to the priority queue.
I have written this to work on a grid of booleans, and a constant conversion between 1D and 2D arrays, but I hope it is readable:
public void AStarRoute()
{
gridDist = new double[rows][cols];
System.out.println("Start of AStarRoute");
MinPriorityQueue pq = new MinPriorityQueue(rows * cols);
edgeTo = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
gridDist[x1Dto2D(start)][y1Dto2D(start)] = 0;
pq.insert(start, 0);
int from;
while (!pq.isEmpty()) {
from = pq.delMin();
int x = x1Dto2D(from);
int y = y1Dto2D(from);
for (int i = -1; i <= 1; i++) {
for (int j = -1; j <= 1; j++) {
int newX = x + i;
int newY = y + j;
if (newX >= 0 && newY >= 0 && newX < cols && newY < rows && !(i == 0 && j == 0)) {
if (grid[newX][newY]) {
//System.out.println("NewDist: " + gridDist[newX][newY] + " - OldDist+dist: " + (gridDist[x][y] + ((Math.abs(i) == Math.abs(j)) ? 1.4 : 1.0)) + ":" + (int)(gridDist[x][y] + ((Math.abs(i) == Math.abs(j)) ? 1.4 : 1.0)));
if (!edgeTo.containsKey(convert2Dto1D(newX, newY)) || gridDist[newX][newY] > (gridDist[x][y] + ((Math.abs(i) == Math.abs(j)) ? 14 : 10))) {
gridDist[newX][newY] = (int)(gridDist[x][y] + ((Math.abs(i) == Math.abs(j)) ? 14 : 10));
maxDistToEnd = (int)Math.max(maxDistToEnd, gridDist[newX][newY]);
edgeTo.put(convert2Dto1D(newX, newY), convert2Dto1D(x, y));
pq.insert(convert2Dto1D(newX, newY), gridDist[newX][newY] + (int)Math.sqrt(Math.pow((newX - x1Dto2D(end))*10, 2) + Math.pow((newY - y1Dto2D(end))*10, 2)));
if(convert2Dto1D(newX, newY) == end){
System.out.println("End found at (" + newX + ", " + newY + ")");
paintGridDist = true;
route = new ArrayList<Integer>();
int n = convert2Dto1D(newX, newY);
route.add(n);
do{
n = edgeTo.get(n);
route.add(n);
}while(start != n);
repaint();
return;
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
paintGridDist = true;
repaint();
}

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