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I want to measure API evolution for a given Java project, in particular new/renamed classes, new methods, newly deprecated methods, etc. Is there a tool that detect such changes?
Back in 2007, a Google GSoc project was initiated, however, I cannot find the final work.
I'd use Clirr for that, a binary compatibility checker. From the Clirr web site:
What is it?
Clirr is a tool that checks Java
libraries for binary and source
compatibility with older releases.
Basically you give it two sets of jar
files and Clirr dumps out a list of
changes in the public api. The Clirr
Ant task can be configured to break
the build if it detects incompatible
api changes. In a continuous
integration process Clirr can
automatically prevent accidental
introduction of binary or source
compatibility problems.
...
Features
Report all API changes (currently only partially implemented)
Evaluate each change wrt. binary and source compatibility
support plain text and XML reports
Flexible failure handling (warnings vs. errors, break the build or set
error property)
There's also a new API evolution checking tool called Revapi
Btw there seems to be an api-checker in the gwt source code, don't know if that is the product of the mentioned GSoc project.
GwtJavaApiCompatibilityChecker is also used in build.xml
Try japi-compliance-checker tool. It's open-source. The tool shows API changes and detects both backward source (SC) and backward binary (BC) compatibility issues between two jar archives:
japi-compliance-checker -old LIB-0.jar -new LIB-1.jar
Sample reports for log4j: http://abi-laboratory.pro/java/tracker/timeline/log4j/
You can find classification of found compatibility problems by severity level in the reports for particular library versions:
JDiff is maybe also worth a mentioning.
JDiff is a Javadoc doclet which
generates an HTML report of all the
packages, classes, constructors,
methods, and fields which have been
removed, added or changed in any way,
including their documentation, when
two APIs are compared. This is very
useful for describing exactly what has
changed between two releases of a
product. Only the API (Application
Programming Interface) of each version
is compared. It does not compare what
the source code does when executed.
As I understood it runs on the sourcefolder of the old version and generates an xml file. The same for the sourcefolder with the new version. Than the two xml-outputs are compared and a changelist compiled. In html-javadoc-api-style
You might also want to try japicmp.
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When I install a new JDK, I follow similar procedures as described here.
For example, like that link, I too like to have a local copy of the javadocs. See that link's "Step 7: (Optional) Download JDK API Documentation, Demos and Samples" section.
My only use for these javadocs is to point my IDE (IntelliJ, of course!) at them. I will not be doing anything commercial with them, like redistributing them, developing my own JDK, etc.
In the past, I always downloaded Sun/Oracle's JDK, and a javadoc .zip file was also downloadable from the same web page as the JDK.
Starting with JDK 11, there are now many new 3rd party builds to chose from.
I have no strong preference among them. I have selected Azul's Zulu for now simply because I respect their technology in general.
My problem is that every 3rd party JDK 11 build that I looked at, including Azul Zulu, seems to only offer you just the JDK. None of them seem to have a javadoc download (e.g. a jdk-11.0.3_doc-all.zip file).
Did I overlook where to get this?
Or is Oracle still the only source for this? And is Oracle's license for these javadocs a problem?
Of course I did a web search before posting this question, as well as I manually searched thru all the 3rd party build web pages. The only source that I found for downloadable javadocs was Oracle.
So, I downloaded my current copy of jdk-11.0.3_doc-all.zip from Oracle
by clicking on this link, then accepting the license agreement, then clicking on the jdk-11.0.3_doc-all.zip link, then logging in to Oracle.
I am concerned about getting this documentation from Oracle because I assume that the license that I agreed to is no longer a free one as in the past.
If I only use Oracle's javadocs locally, by pointing my IDE towards them, will that violate Oracle's license? I will be using my IDE to develop commercial software.
Yes, I have skimmed thru that license. But it is legalese, and I do not really understand it. It has concerning language like "Specification Lead hereby grants you a...license...to view, download, use and reproduce the Specification only for the purpose of internal evaluation".
Or is Oracle still the only source for this?
I am not aware of any such 3rd-party download1
And is Oracle's license for these javadocs a problem?
That would be for you to decide after reading the license2. Among other things, it would depend on how you intend to use the documentation.
Yes, I have skimmed thru that license. But it is legalese, and I do not really understand it. Eetcetera
See footnote 2. Seriously. We can't answer your legal questions with any confidence. And even if we did, you should have no confidence in our answers!
One alternative is to download the OpenJDK source tree and build the javadocs for yourself. Your usage of the resulting javadocs will be (only) limited2 by the terms of the GPL v2 + Classpath license for OpenJDK.
A second alternative is to view the Oracle javadocs via the web.
A third alternative is to point your preferred IDE at the appropriate source code bundle (in your Oracle JDK or OpenJDK installation) and search / view the docs via your IDE.
1 - If such a download does exist, you should be able to find it with a Google search.
2 - I am not a lawyer! If you are concerned about this, you should get legal advice from a practicing lawyer.
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I bumped into JEP 12 searching for JDK 12 and was intrigued.
Summary: A preview language or VM feature is a new feature of the Java
SE Platform that is fully specified, fully implemented, and yet
impermanent. It is available in a JDK feature release to provoke
developer feedback based on real world use; this may lead to it
becoming permanent in a future Java SE Platform.
Following the responses to this question, I wish to ask only the following:
Can you provide a usage example of this JEP- incorporation of new language and/or VM features in code?
Does this mean that usage of new features will now be as simple as downloading a support jar and 'plugging' it into our projects?
No. This is about enabling "preview" features in the Java language and the JVM, so that a feature can gain wider exposure and feedback (with suitable opt-ins) before being finalized. (If you could just enable an experimental / preview feature by dropping in a JAR file, this mechanism wouldn't be necessary ...)
In fact, with the "preview" mechanism as described in the JEP:
any code supporting a preview feature would already part of the JRE / JDK, and
the features would be enabled by providing extra command line options to the javac and java commands.
Can anyone share any usage experiences of this JEP? Actual code?
Compiler and VM support for preview features will be supported starting in Java 11, and we will likely see the first preview features in Java 12. Looking at the early access build release notes, they don't explicitly mention any "preview" features. Yet.
It is too soon for "experiences". (And I'm not sure what they would tell you. The JEP-12 mechanism is the mechanism for enabling the features ... not the features themselves.)
I also looked into the JIRA issue related to this JEP, it seems that this feature is currently completed but unresolved.
The issue is an "umbrella" issue (if that is the correct term). Drill down to the list of related issues, and you will see that two of them are still unresolved. However three related issues are resolved, so it looks like JEP-12 support will make it into Java 11.
UPDATE: 2019/08/22 - There is now just one relatively small issue about improving javac compiler messages.
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I wrote a program in Java 6.0, but it turns out that some of our client only have 5.0.
The issues is that lot of features that 6.0 has was not in 5.0 yet. For example:
JTable Sorting, Filtering feature
SwingWorker class
My Question is :
is it legal to just copy the java 6.0 source code to my own project so that my client with 5.0 jre can run it.
from technical point of view, is it hard to copy the classes source code like TableRowSorter, regexFilter to my own project and let it work?
Thanks
Probably no, the OpenJDK classes are under GPL meaning you will have to put your sources under GPL too. The Oracle Java classes are also under a "you cannot just do what you want to with our sources", so this is most likely a VERY bad idea.
You can use Retroweaver to make your source work with an earlier version of Java, but I would say that you should make your code work with Java 5, optionally using Java 6 facilities if available, and then say to your customers which things they will get from upgrading.
2021 edit: As of Java 17 the proper solution would be to include a tested JVM as part of your deployment. There is tooling for bringing just what you need.
One question you should ask is: why haven't your clients upgraded to Java 6.0? Since it's free and easy to do they must have a reason, and you should probably find out what it is before sending them code from it.
That depends on the source code you are copying from. From JavaSE? OpenJDK?
Wherever you want to copy from, check their license for the code.
The copying may be simple, copying just the classes and it’s dependencies. There may be a lot of specific dependencies though, which can make it consume a lot of time. And you’ll really have a problem when you have to copy a changed class that already existed in version 5, where you would need one version for some code, and the newer for the other. But if you’re only using Java6 code in that project it should be alright. Moving the classes into another package may also be an option, with potentially a lot of work as well though.
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I'm doing a study on large Java projects and would like to view the source code for Eclipse. I have gone to this url (http://wiki.eclipse.org/index.php/CVS_Howto) and figured that the most useful cvs repository for me to look at would be this one:
:pserver:anonymous#dev.eclipse.org:/cvsroot/eclipse (The Eclipse platform project)
However, when looking at this repository, it has so many modules! Which modules should I be trying to check out? I don't necessarily want to build the IDE from source, however, I just want to get the core Eclipse code base to perform some analysis. Would I just check out any modules starting with "org.eclipse..."? Should I be checking out any of the others?
Or is there an easier way to get the source? I read somewhere that you can get the source from the binary version of Eclipse but I am unsure where to find the source.
Just download the source tarball eclipse-cvs.tgz from here
EDIT: This also includes version history, so it may be larger than you need. For just a current version download Platform-SDK.3.5.2 ~ 100MB
It includes the sources in jar files e.g.
org.eclipse.ui.workbench_3.5.2.M20100113-0800.jar
org.eclipse.ui.workbench.source_3.5.2.M20100113-0800.jar
For empirical studies, a good resource to check out is the Qualitas Corpus. It's a collection of open-source Java programs for use in empirical studies. In addition to having source code for a larger number of major projects (including Eclipse) they have multiple versions of each program, so you can track how code changes over time, if that's important. It's a respected corpus in the Software Engineering/Programming Languages research community, and so it may make your work more suitable for comparison in the future.
I'm not a part of their project, but I have used their corpus in a recent study. If you shoot them an email and tell them what your project is about, they'll give you http download access.
I can only answer this bit:
Or is there an easier way to get the
source? I read somewhere that you can
get the source from the binary version
of Eclipse but I am unsure where to
find the source.
In eclipse/plugins/, the jars named *.source_*.jar contain source. For example, in my install:
org.eclipse.osgi_3.4.0.v20080605-1900.jar
org.eclipse.osgi.source_3.4.0.v20080605-1900.jar
The first jar contains the OSGi runtime, and the latter contains the corresponding source.
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I'm thinking of using Java to write a program that I might try to sell one day. I'm new to Java so I have to ask, what types of tools/software/etc will I need (from development, to distribution, to user-friendly installation on users' machines) that have licenses that must be considered to make sure they allow sales and closed source code, etc.?
Should we assume the user already runs at least one Java app, and therefore has a fairly recent version of Java on their machine?
Also, do you have any recommendations for specific tools that are definitely suitable for this purpose?
It's very rare to see any development tools that restrict the way you can use software created using them. The only exception to that are libraries, and that is not a problem with standard Java libraries. Tools, IDE and so on - regardless of whether they're free or not - will not affect how you can distribute your code.
There are some weird exceptions, like BitKeeper source control software, the license of which prohibits anyone using it from trying to create software that could compete with BitKeeper - which is why I advise to stay as far away from the thing, and the company behind it, as possible. In the end, if you want to be absolutely legally clear, you'll have to hire a lawyer and have him go through licenses and EULAs for all software you're going to use in your development process, because of stuff like this.
Some specific data points: Java itself is okay (both compiler and libraries); both Ant and Maven are okay; and Eclipse and NetBeans are okay.
For development, you will likely need an IDE. The top picks are:
Eclipse (most features)
IntelliJ (non-free)
Netbeans (easiest to learn, imo)
A few others with much lower popularity
For a free installation program, I've had the best experiences with IzPack, but there are others available. Similarly, to convert to a .exe for easy launching, I recommend Launch4J.
I don't think that its safe to assume that users have Java installed. Many will, but the versions will vary fairly widely, and the few that don't will tend to cause problems. Obviously, this may vary depending upon your intended audience (and how much control you have over them).
For cross platform distribution you might want to look into launch4j: http://launch4j.sourceforge.net/
Also you might also want to obfuscate and optimize your code, for that you can use ProGuard: http://proguard.sourceforge.net/
For your development use any of the open source tools available such as eclipse or netbeans, or even emacs with jdee.
You should not assume users have Java, package a version of java with your application.
For installation you might want to search for some open source solutions, the only one I know of is install4j and it is commercial. http://www.ej-technologies.com/products/install4j/features.html
This is a question that is really hard to answer because the requirement and the preferences of the users are different from each other.
But I will tell you one entry point. Use ECLIPSE as your IDE to develop your Java code. It is an opensource one so you don't need any licence for that. When you are working on your project you will need variety of other tools to do various stuff. Fortunately most of the essential functions are implemented as plugins for eclipse. You can seperately add them to eclipse.
With time, you'll get the experience and you will have enough knowledge to swich to the necessary tools etc