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Server side Java - where to start [closed]

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I'm really starting to get a hang of the client-side Java programming, and from what I understand Java is great for developing stable server sides for large amounts of traffic.
The problem is that I'm completely new to server development, so I don't know where to start or where to look for information, despite Java's good documentation.
More specific questions:
Do you know any good, non-specific tutorials for server-side Java? I've seen some tutorials for Google's Cloud Platform and Netscape, but I don't want to be dependent on their infrastructure.
Is the common practice to develop your code in Eclipse and then "ship" it to your server? As I said I've never done server-side development and I've only tried learning a little node.js.
Thank you in advance, I hope these questions aren't to wide-scoped.

I would suggest you to start with a simple setup like you already told us: Eclipse + let's say an easy to use tomcat.
If it comes to the server side you need to create a Servlet which allows to access other application data from your server in a format which you define or let's say you + the clients define. I would suggest you to start with something you will be familiar like Json. For this I have a little "starting point" for you.
Clone that simple example for a server-side application:
https://github.com/DominikAngerer/java-GsonJerseyProvider
It already provides you a simple structure for Json which is used by a Framework like Ember and also you can easy modify the structure which is defined there.
Is the common practice to develop your code in Eclipse and then "ship" it to your server?
Yeah it's totally common to do that. Write your Server Side code and export it as .war - tomcat or jetty for example can simply deploy them and you will be able to run them on these application server.
Do you know any good, non-specific tutorials for server-side Java? I've seen some tutorials for Google's Cloud Platform and Netscape, but I don't want to be dependent on their infrastructure.
I really love to work with Jersey - It's really a to understand the code you will write. Maybe try the example provided by IBM developersworks: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/wa-aj-tomcat/
For the beginning it may be a little of a overhead but after you tried the example (it should be running right away) I think you will get the idea of how to create a simple backend system with java.

If you want a complete environment out of the box, you can try:
Netbeans EE IDE:
It contains a GlassFish server and the SDK preconfigured, glasfish is one of the most used open source application servers. Here you can find tutorials from the Netbeans page.
JBoss Developer Studio: is another very used IDE that includes a JBoss server. You can find tutorials from this one here.
I would sugest to start with GlassFish, as it is very easy to use and configure.

Take a look at JavaEE. I would start by learning how to create simple JSP pages with Eclipse + Tomcat (create a "Dynamic Web Project"). After that, check out Servlets and be sure to understand HTTP. After that, I would get an overview of JSTL and other Java EE components. DZone has a nice refcard giving you an overview of the Java EE 7 components.
After that, you should be good enough to move on to a framework like Spring or Struts. Alternatively you can perfect Java EE fully learning it's more advanced components like CDI(context dependency injection) or JAX-RS and JAX-WS(web services). This document should give you an overview of how to configure a servlet container in eclipse: http://www.eclipse.org/webtools/community/education/web/t320/Configuring_an_Application_Server_in_Eclipse.pdf
As for tutorials, check out Oracles JavaEE 7 tutorial at: http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/tutorial/
Alternatively, if you do not like the styles and patterns used in Java EE, there is a non-Java EE framework called the Play Framework (http://playframework.com) it gives you the option to develop your application using either Java or Scala, and uses MVC architecture.

If you want to learn server side programming with JAVA, I recommend to start working with Eclipse. Almost all developers whom I know are using one or another IDE, most of them are using Eclipse for J2EE.
There are plenty of tutorials available on how to setup eclipse on your local computer. I personally read many tutorials when I learned it, you can google it.
http://www.apekshit.com/t/11/Writing-JAVA-programs-in-Eclipse
http://www.apekshit.com/JSP-Tutorial-for-beginners-with-Examples/c/21
I found these 2 that might help you to achieve what you are looking for.

Best WebGIS framework for WMS

I need to make a demo web project with extensive support for reading and editing WM(T)S, like this project. For technology Java or .NET are possible solutions. I tired GeoMajas for couple of days now, but it get annoying error about refresh of main map that I can't solve. Also, community support is non-existing as there are only mialing lists about development of GeoMajas, no forum to help solve this problem. Any advice on what framework to choose?

I would suggest looking at one of the following
Openlayers http://openlayers.org/
Leaflet http://leafletjs.com/
Geo Ext http://opengeo.org/technology/geoext/
These are all java script libraries so if you really need to you can inlcude them in a Java or .net based website.
If your looking for a more complete framework I would look at the OpenGeo suite. If you download it and look at the Geoexplorer app makes a good starting point and it uses the OpenGeo GSP Libries which are basically a warpper around GeoExt and Openlayers.

Java Web Framework similar with Ruby on Rails paradigm

in your opinion, what is java web framework that most close to or similar to the paradigm of the Ruby on Rails (like convention over configuration, DRY, noXML, etc), but without the need to learn scripting languages ​​like Groovy. And of course have a great documentation and community.

Take a look at Grails which follows the paradigms of Ruby on Rails.

You can take a look to Play Framework it follow MVC and RESTful architectures.

Maybe too late, but have looked at Spring Roo?

This question is a bit old, but this information may still be useful for people looking for a good java framework:
Try ninja framework (http://www.ninjaframework.org). I have tried various java web frameworks and this one was by far the easiest to setup and use. Just follow the tutorial on their page.
Developing with it is very easy, ninja web projects are standard Maven projects so you can open them with any ide that supports Maven. For example, you can open the project with Netbeans, and have the development server running in a commandprompt/terminal window. Any time you save your changes the development server will pickup your changes and restart very quickly.
Or you can use a standard text editor if you want.
Very comfortable to develop with. You can also debug very easily from Netbeans (http://www.ninjaframework.org/documentation/debugging.html)
Note: if you use an ide like netbeans, you dont actually run the project from netbeans, you just edit your changes on the ide and save. The development server picks up the changes automatically.

I think Stripes is what you are after.
http://www.stripesframework.org/display/stripes/Home

You can also take a look at Java on Rails
http://www.javaonrails.net/

Learning Trail for Java Web Development?

I've Inheritted a large Java Web project which I've got to make some modifications to, I'm a fairly competent Java Programmer when it comes the the basics but I've never done any JSP programming or EJB programming before. I remember vauguely doing some servlet programming 5 or so years ago in university, but I'm assuming that everything has changed since then.
I'd planned on getting myself up to speed this weekend, but I don't know where to start.
What would be a good learning trail to get me from Zero to proverbial Hero? or at least to a level of competency which will let me be able to read the JSP servlet and EJB code and understand how it works well enough to modify it and deploy it?

Ofcaurse it depends a lot on what project you inherited and when it was written.
Also what technologies are used?
The best resource on starting J2EE development I think it's the Java Passion site.

The online tutorial on netbeans.org are very good. I recommend to download the NetBeans 6.5 IDE (free) and walk through the J2EE tutorials.
The tutorials are very well written, and introduce the basic elements of enterprise and web development. They also require very little time to complete.
http://www.netbeans.org/kb/

Find out how complex it is. There is a vast difference between a web application without EJB's and one with.
Is it running in JBoss/Tomcat/Jetty/Resin/BEA/WebSphere?

Java for intermediate .NET Developer

I am a .NET Developer with about 5 years of web development experience using Microsoft technologies starting with classic ASP to ASP .NET 3.5.
I do have a little background in Java as well and can write/understand Java code very easily. I am looking for resources (online, books) that are compatible with my .NET experience. I am only interested in web development in Java and want to start at intermediate level even if it may require me to look up some details.
What path or resources would you recommend for intermediate .NET web developers to gain equivalent proficiency in Java web development tools?

Get an IDE: IntelliJ (my preference), Eclipse, Netbeans;
Get an application server: Glassfish (my preference; either v2 or v3 Prelude), JBoss or, if you're feeling adventurous, SpringSource dm server;
Get a JDK eg 6u11;
Get a copy of Spring 2.5.6 (or 3.0M2 if you're feeling adventurous);
Get a copy of the Spring reference documentation;
Put the pieces together.

Get yourself a copy of eclipse, and just start reading other people's code, and reading some java docs. The Java website has all the docs online, and they're one of the best language specs I've seen.
Really, if you know C# pretty well, Java should be a cake walk. The languages are pretty similar, so you just need to get to know the different frameworks.

Probably the most helpful book in regards to learning Java's web development framework, Java Server Faces:
Core JSF
- Great examples and explainations throughout on the whole process of using the JSF Framework.
And of course for anyone new to Java I would recommend:
Effective Java
- Covers various design patterns and practices.

In my experience that official Java exams are better than the .Net equivalents, so it may be worth starting there?

Search for a servlet/JSP tutorial (Good, albeit a little old, example here).
You'll get basic knowledge of Java web application development.

Whatever your level is, JSF for Nonbelievers is the best introduction to JSP/JSF.

I'd check out Bitter Java.
It's a book that shows you the wrong way to do things, why it's wrong, and then it shows you the right way.
It pretty much falls in line with the evolution of the j2ee framework. Started with servlets, then moved into jsps, then command pattern, etc.