I have a fitness function as part of a lab and wish to apply it to a set of 'weights' (ArrayList weights). I have created the array and stored some values in it. I have created random binary strings (which have an 'x' at the end in order to generate random values) which I wish to also apply the fitness function to; however, the problem I am having is that the fitness function always returns a value of 0. Am I missing something here?
The fitness function is as follows:
public static double scalesFitness(ArrayList<Double> weights){
if (scasol.length() > weights.size()) return(-1);
double lhs = 0.0,rhs = 0.0;
double L = 0.0;
double R = 0.0;
for(int i = 0; i < scasol.length(); i++){
if(scasol.charAt(i) == '0'){
L = L += 0;
}
else if(scasol.charAt(i) == '1'){
R = R += 1;
}
}//end for
int n = scasol.length();
return(L-R);
}
Random binary string method:
private static String RandomBinaryString(int n){
String s = new String();
for(int i = 0; i <= n; i++){
int y = CS2004.UI(0,1);
if(y == 0){
System.out.print(s + '0');
}
else if(y == 1){
System.out.print(s + '1');
}
}
return(s);
}
Main method (in separate class):
public static void main(String args[]){
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
ScalesSolution s = new ScalesSolution("10101x");
s.println();
}
ArrayList<Double> weights = new ArrayList<Double>();
weights.add(1.0);
weights.add(2.0);
weights.add(3.0);
weights.add(4.0);
weights.add(10.0);
System.out.println();
System.out.print("Fitness: ");
System.out.print(ScalesSolution.scalesFitness(weights));
}
Once run, the random binary strings work perfectly well, yet the fitness function fails to change from 0. Here is a sample output:
1101100
1100111
0001111
1001010
1110000
0011111
1100111
1011001
0000110
1000000
Fitness: 0.0
If you wish to code for the whole class(es), then please let me know.
Thank you all so much for your time.
Mick.
Looks to me like you're always returning a blank String from RandomBinaryString() - you print out some digits but never actually append them. Use s = s+'0', or s += '0', or s.concat("0") ,or use a StringBuilder , etc...
I'm assuming scasol is your binary string, so that's empty, then nothing in your for loop gets called once, so L and R both stay at 0.0, and you wind up returning 0.0.
Your random string RandomBinaryString only ever prints 's' it never alters it so the sum of the function is equivalent to returning 'new String()'.
Another issue, 'L = L += 0' is redundant. It is the same as L = 0. Always.
'R = R+=1' is also redundant, it is the same as R += 1.
#DHall Code for scasol constructor:
public ScalesSolution(String s)
{
boolean ok = true;
int n = s.length();
for(int i=0;i<n;++i)
{
char si = s.charAt(i);
if (si != '0' && si != '1') ok = false;
}
if (ok)
{
scasol = s;
}
else
{
scasol = RandomBinaryString(n);
}
}
If this is not of help I can post the code for the class up.
Thanks.
Mick.
Related
Conditions of the 6-digit code:
None of the digits are 0
Each digit of the combination is different
The 6-digit number is divisible by each one of the digits
Input:
Two integers, L and H
L is the limit on the smallest number on the range
H is the limit on the largest number on the range
Output:
C, which defines the number of possible combinations where L<=c<=H
I thought I could use arrays as the condition check, then realized I couldn't use it to find the number of possible combinations. Tried using loops, but couldn't figure it out, all I got for the pseudocode is the input, then a condition if L is less or equal to H. Then I sort of ran to a brick wall.
Here's the code.
''''''''
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner FF = new Scanner(System.in);
List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
int l = FF.nextInt();
int h = FF.nextInt();
for (int i = l; i <= h; i++) {
result.add(i);
}
for (int i=l; i<=h; i++){
if (result.get(i) == result.get(i)){
result.remove(i);
}
int temp = result.get(i);
while (result.get(i)>0){
int k = result.get(i)%10;
if (temp % k != 0){
result.remove(i);
}
}
if (String.valueOf(result.get(i)).contains("0")){
result.remove(i);
}
}
System.out.println(result);
}
}
You can create a stream of integers, here 111111 to 1000000 and then filter out everything what doesnot meet your conditions.
public class SixDigitCode {
public static void main(String[] args) {
IntStream.iterate(111111, i -> i < 1000000, i -> i + 1)
.filter(containsZero.negate())
.filter(digitDifferent)
.filter(divideByDigits)
.forEach(System.out::println);
}
static IntPredicate containsZero = i -> Integer.toString(i).contains("0");
static IntPredicate digitDifferent = i -> Integer.toString(i).chars().boxed().collect(Collectors.toSet()).size() == 6;
static IntPredicate divideByDigits = i -> Integer.toString(i).chars().boxed()
.filter( x -> i%Character.getNumericValue(x) ==0)
.count() ==6;
}
There are multiple ways to solve this problem.
Let's start with an easy, but inefficient one:
boolean isOk(int number){
String numberStr = Integer.toString(number);
if(numberStr.contains("0"))
return false;
for(int i = 0; i < numberStr.length(); i++){
for(int j = i + 1; j < numberStr.length(); j++){
if(numberStr.charAt(i) == numberStr.charAt(j))
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
...
int count = 0;
for(int i = L; i <= H; i++){
if(isOk(i))
count ++;
}
Note: this code is by no means optimal, but I think it is a straight forward easy to understand solution.
However, I cannot test it right now, so it may contain minor issues.
I'm relatively new to java and am trying to break my code down as much as possible. This question is really on how to organize methods to work together
My credit card validator works if checkSum() code is written in the validateCreditCard() method. I think it's weird 'cause it works when called by the checkDigitControl() method
I used these sources for the program's logic:
To Check ~ https://www.creditcardvalidator.org/articles/luhn-algorithm
To Generate ~ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_mod_N_algorithm
Here's my code(I apologize in advance if it's rather clumsy)
public class CreditCards {
public static void main(String[] args) {
long num;
num = genCreditCard();
boolean bool = validateCreditCard(num);
}
// Validity Check
public static boolean validateCreditCard(long card) {
String number = card+"";
String string=null;
int i;
for(i=0; i<number.length()-1; i++) {//Populate new string, leaving out last digit.
string += number.charAt(i)+"";
}
String checkDigit = number.charAt(i)+"";// Stores check digit.
long sum = checkSum(string);// Program works if this line is swapped for the code below(from checkSum)
//**********************************************************************
// int[] digits = new int[number.length()];
// int lastIndex = digits.length-1;
// int position=2; int mod=10;
// int sum=0;
//
// for(int j=lastIndex; j>=0; j--) {// Populate array in REVERSE
// digits[j] = Integer.parseInt(number.charAt(j)+"");
// digits[j] *= ( (position%2 == 0) ? 2: 1 );// x2 every other digit FROM BEHIND
// position++;
//
// digits[j] = ( (digits[j] > 9) ? (digits[j] / mod)+(digits[j] % mod) : digits[j] );//Sums integers of double-digits
// sum += digits[j];
// }
//**********************************************************************
sum *= 9;
string = sum+"";
string = string.charAt(string.length()-1)+"";// Last digit of result.
return (string.equals(checkDigit));
}
public static long genCreditCard() {
String number = "34";// American Express(15 digits) starts with 34 or 37
for(int i=0; i<12; i++)
number += (int)(Math.random() * 10) + "";// Add 12 random digits 4 base.
number += checkDigitControl(number);// Concat the check digit.
System.out.println(number);
return Long.parseLong(number);
}
// Algorithm to calculate the last/checkSum digit.
public static int checkDigitControl(String number) {
int i;
for(i=0; i<5; i++)
++i;
int sum = checkSum(number);
return 10 - sum%10;// Returns number that makes checkSum a multiple of 10.
}
public static int checkSum(String number) {
int[] digits = new int[number.length()];
int lastIndex = digits.length-1;
int position=2; int mod=10;
int sum=0;
for(int j=lastIndex; j>=0; j--) {// Populate array in REVERSE
digits[j] = Integer.parseInt(number.charAt(j)+"");
digits[j] *= ( (position%2 == 0) ? 2: 1 );// x2 every other digit FROM BEHIND
position++;
digits[j] = ( (digits[j] > 9) ? (digits[j] / mod)+(digits[j] % mod) : digits[j] );//Sums integers of double-digits
sum += digits[j];
}
return sum;
}
}
Thx in advance, sorry if this isn't the right format; it's also my 1st Stackoverflow post ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
You are initializing the variable string with null value:
String string=null;
And in the following for you are adding every char of the card number to this string.
for(i=0; i<number.length()-1; i++) {
string += number.charAt(i)+"";
}
But this will result in the variable string to be null + cardnumbers, because you didn't initialize the String string, and the value null is converted to the string "null" (Concatenating null strings in Java)
This will fix you code:
String string = new String();
Note, this code:
for(i=0; i<number.length()-1; i++) {
string += number.charAt(i)+"";
}
can be easily replace by this line that does the same thing:
number = number.substring(0, number.length() -1);
If you switch to this code just pass number to checkSum method
I have to create a program which adds two integers and prints the sum vertically.
For example, I have.
a=323, b=322.
The output should be:
6
4
5
I've created the code for when the integers are up to two digits, but I want it to work for at least three digits.
Below is the best I could think of.
It may be completely wrong, but the only problem I'm facing is the declaration of array.
It says that the array might not be initialized.
If I set it to null then also it won't assign values to it later.
I know maybe I'm making a big mistake here, but I'll really appreciate if anyone could help me out.
Please keep in mind that I must not use any other functions for this code.
Hope I'm clear.
public class Vert
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int n,i=0,j,a=323,b=322;
int s[];
n=a+b;
while(n>9)
{
s[i]=n%10;
i++;
s[i]=n/10;
if(s[i]>9)
{
n=s[i];
}
}
j=i;
for(j=i;j>=0;j--)
{
System.out.println(+s[j]);
}
}
}
String conversion seems like cheating, so here's a Stack.
int a = 323, b = 322;
java.util.Stack<Integer> stack = new java.util.Stack<>();
int n = a + b;
while (n > 0) {
stack.push(n % 10);
n = n / 10;
}
while (!stack.isEmpty())
System.out.println(stack.pop());
If an array is required, you need two passes over the sum
int a = 323, b = 322;
// Get the size of the array
int n = a + b;
int size = 0;
while (n > 0) {
size++;
n = n / 10;
}
// Build the output
int s[] = new int[size];
n = a + b;
for (int i = size - 1; n > 0; i--) {
s[i] = n % 10;
n = n / 10;
}
// Print
for (int x : s) {
System.out.println(x);
}
To initialize an array, you need to specify the size of your array as next:
int s[] = new int[mySize];
If you don't know the size of your array, you should consider using a List of Integer instead as next:
List<Integer> s = new ArrayList<Integer>();
Here is how it could be done:
// Convert the sum into a String
String result = String.valueOf(a + b);
for (int i=0; i <result.length();i++) {
// Print one character corresponding to a digit here per line
System.out.println(result.charAt(i));
}
I'd do it like this:
int a = 322;
int b = 322;
int sum = a + b;
String s = Integer.toString(sum);
for(int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
System.out.println(s.charAt(i));
}
But your problem looks like an array is required.
The steps are same as in my solution:
Use int values
Sum the int values (operation)
Convert the int value in an array/string
Output the array/string
In Java, having a number like 0b1010, I would like to get a list of numbers "composing" this one: 0b1000 and 0b0010 in this example: one number for each bit set.
I'm not sure about the best solution to get it. Do you have any clue ?
Use a BitSet!
long x = 0b101011;
BitSet bs = BitSet.valueOf(new long[]{x});
for (int i = bs.nextSetBit(0); i >=0 ; i = bs.nextSetBit(i+1)) {
System.out.println(1 << i);
}
Output:
1
2
8
32
If you really want them printed out as binary strings, here's a little hack on the above method:
long x = 0b101011;
char[] cs = new char[bs.length()];
Arrays.fill(cs, '0');
BitSet bs = BitSet.valueOf(new long[]{x});
for (int i = bs.nextSetBit(0); i >=0 ; i = bs.nextSetBit(i+1)) {
cs[bs.length()-i-1] = '1';
System.out.println(new String(cs)); // or whatever you want to do with this String
cs[bs.length()-i-1] = '0';
}
Output:
000001
000010
001000
100000
Scan through the bits one by one using an AND operation. This will tell you if a bit at one position is set or not. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#AND). Once you have determined that some ith-Bit is set, make up a string and print it. PSEUDOCODE:
public static void PrintAllSubbitstrings(int number)
{
for(int i=0; i < 32; i++) //32 bits maximum for an int
{
if( number & (1 << i) != 0) //the i'th bit is set.
{
//Make up a bitstring with (i-1) zeroes to the right, then one 1 on the left
String bitString = "1";
for(int j=0; j < (i-1); j++) bitString += "0";
System.out.println(bitString);
}
}
}
Here is a little test that works for me
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num = 0b1010;
int testNum = 0b1;
while(testNum < num) {
if((testNum & num) >0) {
System.out.println(testNum + " Passes");
}
testNum *= 2;
}
}
trying to recall a method here (so that it generates different results 100 times using a for loop)
Here is what I have in the main method:
for (int i = 0; i<99; i++) {
double scaleFitness = ScalesSolution.ScalesFitness(randomNumberFile);
System.out.print(scaleFitness + ", ");
}
and this is the method I'm trying to call 100 times (in the ScalesSolution class):
public static double ScalesFitness(ArrayList<Double> weights)
{
int n = scasol.length();
double lhs = 0.0, rhs = 0.0;
if (n > weights.size()) return(-1);
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
if(scasol.charAt(i) == '0'){
lhs += weights.get(i);
}
else if (scasol.charAt(i) == '1') {
rhs += weights.get(i);
}
}
return(Math.abs(lhs-rhs));
}
This however prints the same value 100 time over.
Your method "ScaleFitness" and the output of this method is dependent on two variables:
weights
scasol
It seems these variables stay the same for the whole run of the program. So it is not surprising that your output is the same.
If you want a different output for each run of your loop. You need to reset at least one of these variables to a new value.
Btw. methods in Java always start with a lowercase. Classes start with an uppercase.
public static double scalesFitness(ArrayList<Double> weights)
{
double randomElement = weights[((int) (Math.random() * weights.size()))];
This will enable you to retrieve a random element in the array, for manipulation later.