I'm doing a hackernet challenge where n is an int input. The conditions are:
If n is odd, print Weird
If n is even and in the inclusive range of 2 to 5, print Not Weird
If n is even and in the inclusive range of 6 to 20, print Weird
If n is even and greater than 20, print Not Weird.
Im sure the code makes logic and dont think theres syntax. It gives the correct responses and hackernet still says its incorrect so ive come here to see if anyone can see what the problem is
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int N = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.skip("(\r\n|[\n\r\u2028\u2029\u0085])?");
if (N % 2 != 0 || N % 2 == 0 && N >= 6 && N <= 20)
{
System.out.print("weird");
}
else
{
System.out.print("not weird");
}
}
The problem is the logic in your else condition, which would also catch values of N which are less than 2. Try this version:
if (N % 2 != 0)
{
System.out.print("weird");
}
else if (N >= 2 && N <= 5 || N > 20)
{
System.out.print("not weird");
}
else if (N >= 6 && N <= 20)
{
System.out.print("weird");
}
else
{
// NOTE: if the code still fails, remove this else condition
System.out.print("unexpected value of N");
}
Note: To get your code to pass the Hackernet task, you might have to completely remove the else condition. I added it for completeness, but Hackernet might test N=1 to see if nothing gets printed.
Read this condition :
if (N % 2 != 0 || N % 2 == 0 && N >= 6 && N <= 20)
as
if (N % 2 != 0 || (N % 2 == 0 && N >= 6 && N <= 20))
Then see how operator precedence changes the behaviour and yield desired results.
Check the following one
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int N = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.skip("(\r\n|[\n\r\u2028\u2029\u0085])?");
if(N%2!=0) {
System.out.print("weird");
}else if(N>=2 && N<=5) {
System.out.print("not weird");
}else if(N>=6 && N<=20) {
System.out.print("weird");
}else if(N>20) {
System.out.print("not weird");
}
}
For the technical part: start by reading about
precedence of java operators and then make your code easier to read.
Pushing that many conditions into a single if is not helpful. You see it yourself: you think the code is correct, but probably it isn't. And now you look to other people to explain your overly complex code back to you. And of course, all the other answers do all that for you ... but beyond that:
The "real" answer here is: learn how to test your code.
Instead of having a main that somehow asks for a number, and then makes decisions, write a method boolean isWeird() that takes a number and returns true/false according to your requirements.
And then simply test that method with all reasonable cases. And then check if that result is as expected.
Using JUnit, you could write something like
assertThat(isWeird(1), true);
assertThat(isWeird(21), true);
assertThat(isWeird(22), true);
...
Ideally, you write such tests before you implement that method. And then you implement all the conditions, and any check that fails tells you that you got something wrong.
I feel, In the if (N % 2 != 0 || N % 2 == 0 && N >= 6 && N <= 20) condition, you are verifiying the odd and even values at same time using && and || operator. Can you modify the condition into like this if (N % 2 != 0 || (N % 2 == 0 && N >= 6 && N <= 20)) and check? If N is odd weird will be printed or if N is even and it falls under the 6 and 20 inclusive, weird will be printed.
You already have a good few answers here but if you think logically about what you actually need, you can break it down easier.
It looks like the only "Not Weird" print out is 2, 4 and even numbers > 20
So an example could be something like:
if (n % 2 == 0) {
if ((n >= 2 && n <= 5) || (n > 20)) {
return "Not Weird";
}
}
return "Weird";
You can try this
private static final Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.skip("(\r\n|[\n\r\u2028\u2029\u0085])?");
if (n % 2 == 1 || (n >= 6 && n <= 20)) {
System.out.println("Weird");
} else {
System.out.println("Not Weird");
}
scanner.close();
}
I recently has a test in university and I was struggling with a problem. The task was defined very specifically as following:
Write a recursive method (don't change the signature, or parameters; no global variables allowed; don't use Strings or the method Stringbuffer; no loops) which returns "true" if the number of zeros in number "n" is odd and "false" if the number of zeros is even.
Signature and Parameter:
public static boolean oddZeros(int n) {
}
So for:
n = 10 //true
n = 100 //false
n = 1402050 //true
n = 0 // true
n = 12 // false
you get the idea..
I understand the concept of recursion but i fail to see how i can count something, given only booleans. I tried adding a counter variable inside the method but whenever i make a recursive call, obviously the variable would be reset to its initialization.
Since this is a very specific problem, i didn't find any solutions so far. How would a method like this look like?
public static boolean oddZeroes(int n) {
if (n < 10) {
return n == 0;
}
return (n % 10 == 0) ^ oddZeroes(n / 10);
}
You can even make it one-liner:
public static boolean oddZeroes(int n) {
return n < 10 ? n == 0 : (n % 10 == 0) ^ oddZeroes(n / 10);
}
And if you want to process negative inputs as well, add something like if (n < 0) {return oddZeroes(-n);} in the beginning, i.e.:
public static boolean oddZeroes(int n) {
if (n < 0) {
return oddZeroes(-n);
}
if (n < 10) {
return n == 0;
}
return (n % 10 == 0) ^ oddZeroes(n / 10);
}
You don't have to count anything.
You only have to observe that:
if you remove a 0 digit from a number that has an odd number of zeroes, the resulting (smaller) number does not have an odd number of zeroes.
if you remove a non 0 digit from a number that has an odd number of zeroes, the resulting (smaller) number also has an odd number of zeroes.
Finally, as the base of the recursion, if 0 < number < 10, it has an even number of 0s (0 0s), so your method should return false.
You can write a shorter implementation, but I preferred readability:
public static boolean oddZeros(int n) {
if (n == 0)
return true;
else if (n < 10)
return false;
else if (oddZeros (n / 10)) {
return n % 10 != 0; // removed digit is not 0
} else {
return n % 10 == 0; // removed digit is 0
}
}
EDIT:
This assumes the input is non-negative. If you need to support negative input, you can add an initial condition of:
if (n < 0) {
return oddZeros (-n);
}
I heard you can determine if a number is prime by checking if it is divisible by 2 or 3 and then either 6k + 1 or 6k - 1 (17 --> 6(3) - 1)
When I try this though, it says 1125 is a prime number. It evaluates the num - 1%6 to be true in the if statement but not in the print function. The syntax is the same as the num + 1 %6 if statement so I'm not sure what is going on.
boolean prime = false;
if(num%2 != 0){
if(num%3 != 0){
if(((num+1)%6) == 0)
prime = true;
if(((num-1)%6) == 0)
prime = true;
System.out.print((1124%6 == 0));
}
}
Your code never gets past (num % 3 != 0) on 1125 because 1125 is evenly divisible by 3. So, on that number, your System.out is never executed.
Here, I adjusted your code a bit:
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int num = 2; num < 2000; num++) {
boolean prime = false;
if (num % 2 != 0) {
if (num % 3 != 0) {
if (((num + 1) % 6) == 0) prime = true;
if (((num - 1) % 6) == 0) prime = true;
}
}
System.out.println(num + " prime? " + prime);
}
}
Sample output:
1124 prime? false
1125 prime? false
1126 prime? false
1127 prime? true
1127 is not prime (7 * 161) so the algorithm doesn't work. Although I suspect it's pretty good at finding prime candidates.
I've been working on Project Euler #7, and can't figure out why my program is not working. The problem is as follows:
By listing the first six prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 13, we can see that the 6th prime is 13.
What is the 10 001st prime number?
This is my program so far:
public class Euler7 {
public static void main (String[] args) {
long count = 1;
long primes = 0;
while (primes <= 10001) {
if (isPrime(count)){
primes++;
if (primes == 10001) {
System.out.println(count);
}
}
count++;
}
}
public static boolean isPrime (long i) {
if (i <= 1) return false;
else if (i == 2 || i == 3) return true;
else if (i % 2 == 0 || i % 3 == 0) return false;
else {
for (int n = 3; n < Math.sqrt(i); n+=2) {
if (i % n == 0) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
}
EDIT: To be clear, it returns the value 104033, but WolframAlpha says the 10001st prime is 104743
Your code incorrectly believes that some full squares of primes are prime as well. In particular, your isPrime(25) returns true.
This should be enough to figure out a fix (ok, one more hint: all you need is adding a single character).
I am trying to find the fastest way to check whether a given number is prime or not (in Java). Below are several primality testing methods I came up with. Is there any better way than the second implementation(isPrime2)?
public class Prime {
public static boolean isPrime1(int n) {
if (n <= 1) {
return false;
}
if (n == 2) {
return true;
}
for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(n) + 1; i++) {
if (n % i == 0) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public static boolean isPrime2(int n) {
if (n <= 1) {
return false;
}
if (n == 2) {
return true;
}
if (n % 2 == 0) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 3; i <= Math.sqrt(n) + 1; i = i + 2) {
if (n % i == 0) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
public class PrimeTest {
public PrimeTest() {
}
#Test
public void testIsPrime() throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
Prime prime = new Prime();
TreeMap<Long, String> methodMap = new TreeMap<Long, String>();
for (Method method : Prime.class.getDeclaredMethods()) {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
int primeCount = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
if ((Boolean) method.invoke(prime, i)) {
primeCount++;
}
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Assert.assertEquals(method.getName() + " failed ", 78498, primeCount);
methodMap.put(endTime - startTime, method.getName());
}
for (Entry<Long, String> entry : methodMap.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getValue() + " " + entry.getKey() + " Milli seconds ");
}
}
}
Here's another way:
boolean isPrime(long n) {
if(n < 2) return false;
if(n == 2 || n == 3) return true;
if(n%2 == 0 || n%3 == 0) return false;
long sqrtN = (long)Math.sqrt(n)+1;
for(long i = 6L; i <= sqrtN; i += 6) {
if(n%(i-1) == 0 || n%(i+1) == 0) return false;
}
return true;
}
and BigInteger's isProbablePrime(...) is valid for all 32 bit int's.
EDIT
Note that isProbablePrime(certainty) does not always produce the correct answer. When the certainty is on the low side, it produces false positives, as #dimo414 mentioned in the comments.
Unfortunately, I could not find the source that claimed isProbablePrime(certainty) is valid for all (32-bit) int's (given enough certainty!).
So I performed a couple of tests. I created a BitSet of size Integer.MAX_VALUE/2 representing all uneven numbers and used a prime sieve to find all primes in the range 1..Integer.MAX_VALUE. I then looped from i=1..Integer.MAX_VALUE to test that every new BigInteger(String.valueOf(i)).isProbablePrime(certainty) == isPrime(i).
For certainty 5 and 10, isProbablePrime(...) produced false positives along the line. But with isProbablePrime(15), no test failed.
Here's my test rig:
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.BitSet;
public class Main {
static BitSet primes;
static boolean isPrime(int p) {
return p > 0 && (p == 2 || (p%2 != 0 && primes.get(p/2)));
}
static void generatePrimesUpTo(int n) {
primes = new BitSet(n/2);
for(int i = 0; i < primes.size(); i++) {
primes.set(i, true);
}
primes.set(0, false);
int stop = (int)Math.sqrt(n) + 1;
int percentageDone = 0, previousPercentageDone = 0;
System.out.println("generating primes...");
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i = 0; i <= stop; i++) {
previousPercentageDone = percentageDone;
percentageDone = (int)((i + 1.0) / (stop / 100.0));
if(percentageDone <= 100 && percentageDone != previousPercentageDone) {
System.out.println(percentageDone + "%");
}
if(primes.get(i)) {
int number = (i * 2) + 1;
for(int p = number * 2; p < n; p += number) {
if(p < 0) break; // overflow
if(p%2 == 0) continue;
primes.set(p/2, false);
}
}
}
long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
System.out.println("finished generating primes ~" + (elapsed/1000) + " seconds");
}
private static void test(final int certainty, final int n) {
int percentageDone = 0, previousPercentageDone = 0;
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("testing isProbablePrime(" + certainty + ") from 1 to " + n);
for(int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
previousPercentageDone = percentageDone;
percentageDone = (int)((i + 1.0) / (n / 100.0));
if(percentageDone <= 100 && percentageDone != previousPercentageDone) {
System.out.println(percentageDone + "%");
}
BigInteger bigInt = new BigInteger(String.valueOf(i));
boolean bigIntSays = bigInt.isProbablePrime(certainty);
if(isPrime(i) != bigIntSays) {
System.out.println("ERROR: isProbablePrime(" + certainty + ") returns "
+ bigIntSays + " for i=" + i + " while it " + (isPrime(i) ? "is" : "isn't" ) +
" a prime");
return;
}
}
long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
System.out.println("finished testing in ~" + ((elapsed/1000)/60) +
" minutes, no false positive or false negative found for isProbablePrime(" + certainty + ")");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int certainty = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
int n = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
generatePrimesUpTo(n);
test(certainty, n);
}
}
which I ran by doing:
java -Xmx1024m -cp . Main 15
The generating of the primes took ~30 sec on my machine. And the actual test of all i in 1..Integer.MAX_VALUE took around 2 hours and 15 minutes.
This is the most elegant way:
public static boolean isPrime(int n) {
return !new String(new char[n]).matches(".?|(..+?)\\1+");
}
Java 1.4+. No imports needed.
So short. So beautiful.
You took the first step in eliminating all multiples of 2.
However, why did you stop there? you could have eliminated all multiples of 3 except for 3, all multiples of 5 except for 5, etc.
When you follow this reasoning to its conclusion, you get the Sieve of Eratosthenes.
Take a look at the AKS primality test (and its various optimizations). It is a deterministic primality test that runs in polynomial time.
There is an implementation of the algorithm in Java from the University of Tuebingen (Germany) here
i think this method is best. at least for me-
public static boolean isPrime(int num)
{
for (int i = 2; i<= num/i; i++)
{
if (num % i == 0)
{
return false;
}
}
return num > 1;
}
Your algorithm will work well for reasonably small numbers. For big numbers, advanced algorithms should be used (based for example on elliptic curves). Another idea will be to use some "pseuso-primes" test. These will test quickly that a number is a prime, but they aren't 100% accurate. However, they can help you rule out some numbers quicker than with your algorithm.
Finally, although the compiler will probably optimise this for you, you should write:
int max = (int) (Math.sqrt(n) + 1);
for (int i = 3; i <= max; i = i + 2) {
}
A fast test due to Jaeschke (1993) is a deterministic version of the Miller-Rabin test, which has no false positives below 4,759,123,141 and hence can be applied to Java ints.
// Given a positive number n, find the largest number m such
// that 2^m divides n.
private static int val2(int n) {
int m = 0;
if ((n&0xffff) == 0) {
n >>= 16;
m += 16;
}
if ((n&0xff) == 0) {
n >>= 8;
m += 8;
}
if ((n&0xf) == 0) {
n >>= 4;
m += 4;
}
if ((n&0x3) == 0) {
n >>= 2;
m += 2;
}
if (n > 1) {
m++;
}
return m;
}
// For convenience, handle modular exponentiation via BigInteger.
private static int modPow(int base, int exponent, int m) {
BigInteger bigB = BigInteger.valueOf(base);
BigInteger bigE = BigInteger.valueOf(exponent);
BigInteger bigM = BigInteger.valueOf(m);
BigInteger bigR = bigB.modPow(bigE, bigM);
return bigR.intValue();
}
// Basic implementation.
private static boolean isStrongProbablePrime(int n, int base) {
int s = val2(n-1);
int d = modPow(base, n>>s, n);
if (d == 1) {
return true;
}
for (int i = 1; i < s; i++) {
if (d+1 == n) {
return true;
}
d = d*d % n;
}
return d+1 == n;
}
public static boolean isPrime(int n) {
if ((n&1) == 0) {
return n == 2;
}
if (n < 9) {
return n > 1;
}
return isStrongProbablePrime(n, 2) && isStrongProbablePrime(n, 7) && isStrongProbablePrime(n, 61);
}
This doesn't work for long variables, but a different test does: the BPSW test has no counterexamples up to 2^64. This basically consists of a 2-strong probable prime test like above followed by a strong Lucas test which is a bit more complicated but not fundamentally different.
Both of these tests are vastly faster than any kind of trial division.
If you are just trying to find if a number is prime or not it's good enough, but if you're trying to find all primes from 0 to n a better option will be the Sieve of Eratosthenes
But it will depend on limitations of java on array sizes etc.
There are of course hundreds of primality tests, all with various advantages and disadvantages based on size of number, special forms, factor size, etc.
However, in java I find the most useful one to be this:
BigInteger.valueOf(long/int num).isProbablePrime(int certainty);
Its already implemented, and is quite fast (I find it takes ~6 seconds for a 1000x1000 matrix filled with longs 0–2^64 and a certainty of 15) and probably better optimized than anything we mortals could come up with.
It uses a version of the Baillie–PSW primality test, which has no know counterexamples. (though it might use a slightly weaker version of the test, which may err sometimes. maybe)
What you have written is what most common programmers do and which should be sufficient most of the time.
However, if you are after the "best scientific algorithm" there are many variations (with varying levels of certainty) documented http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_number.
For example, if you have a 70 digit number JVM's physical limitations can prevent your code from running in which case you can use "Sieves" etc.
Again, like I said if this was a programming question or a general question of usage in software your code should be perfect :)
Dependent on the length of the number you need to test you could precompute a list of prime numbers for small values (n < 10^6), which is used first, if the asked number is within this range. This is of course the fastest way.
Like mentioned in other answers the Sieve of Eratosthenes is the preferred method to generate such a precomputed list.
If your numbers are larger than this, you can use the primality test of Rabin.
Rabin primality test
Algorithm Efficiency : O( n^(1/2)) Algorithm
Note: This sample code below contains count variables and calls to a print function for the purposes of printing the results :
import java.util.*;
class Primality{
private static void printStats(int count, int n, boolean isPrime) {
System.err.println( "Performed " + count + " checks, determined " + n
+ ( (isPrime) ? " is PRIME." : " is NOT PRIME." ) );
}
/**
* Improved O( n^(1/2)) ) Algorithm
* Checks if n is divisible by 2 or any odd number from 3 to sqrt(n).
* The only way to improve on this is to check if n is divisible by
* all KNOWN PRIMES from 2 to sqrt(n).
*
* #param n An integer to be checked for primality.
* #return true if n is prime, false if n is not prime.
**/
public static boolean primeBest(int n){
int count = 0;
// check lower boundaries on primality
if( n == 2 ){
printStats(++count, n, true);
return true;
} // 1 is not prime, even numbers > 2 are not prime
else if( n == 1 || (n & 1) == 0){
printStats(++count, n, false);
return false;
}
double sqrtN = Math.sqrt(n);
// Check for primality using odd numbers from 3 to sqrt(n)
for(int i = 3; i <= sqrtN; i += 2){
count++;
// n is not prime if it is evenly divisible by some 'i' in this range
if( n % i == 0 ){
printStats(++count, n, false);
return false;
}
}
// n is prime
printStats(++count, n, true);
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
while(scan.hasNext()) {
int n = scan.nextInt();
primeBest(n);
System.out.println();
}
scan.close();
}
}
When the prime number 2147483647 is entered, it produces the following output:
Performed 23170 checks, determined 2147483647 is PRIME.
tested in a Intel Atom # 1.60GHz, 2GB RAM, 32-bit Operating System
test result:
largest prime number below Long.MAX_VALUE=9223372036854775807 is 9223372036854775783
elapsed time is 171499 milliseconds or 2 minutes and 51 seconds
public class PrimalityTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
long current_local_time = System.currentTimeMillis();
long long_number = 9223372036854775783L;
long long_a;
long long_b;
if (long_number < 2)
{
System.out.println(long_number + " is not a prime number");
}
else if (long_number < 4)
{
System.out.println(long_number + " is a prime number");
}
else if (long_number % 2 == 0)
{
System.out.println(long_number + " is not a prime number and is divisible by 2");
}
else
{
long_a = (long) (Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(long_number)));
terminate_loop:
{
for (long_b = 3; long_b <= long_a; long_b += 2)
{
if (long_number % long_b == 0)
{
System.out.println(long_number + " is not a prime number and is divisible by " + long_b);
break terminate_loop;
}
}
System.out.println(long_number + " is a prime number");
}
}
System.out.println("elapsed time: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - current_local_time) + " millisecond/s");
}
}
First and foremost, primes start from 2. 2 and 3 are primes. Prime should not be dividable by 2 or 3. The rest of the primes are in the form of 6k-1 and 6k+1. Note that you should check the numbers up to SQRT(input). This approach is very efficient. I hope it helps.
public class Prime {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.format("%d is prime: %s.\n", 199, isPrime(199)); // Prime
System.out.format("%d is prime: %s.\n", 198, isPrime(198)); // Not prime
System.out.format("%d is prime: %s.\n", 104729, isPrime(104729)); // Prime
System.out.format("%d is prime: %s.\n", 104727, isPrime(982443529)); // Prime
}
/**
* Tells if a number is prime or not.
*
* #param input the input
* #return If the input is prime or not
*/
private boolean isPrime(long input) {
if (input <= 1) return false; // Primes start from 2
if (input <= 3) return true; // 2 and 3 are primes
if (input % 2 == 0 || input % 3 == 0) return false; // Not prime if dividable by 2 or 3
// The rest of the primes are in the shape of 6k-1 and 6k+1
for (long i = 5; i <= Math.sqrt(input); i += 6) if (input % i == 0 || input % (i + 2) == 0) return false;
return true;
}
}
In general, all primes greater than some Primorial integer C is of the form Ck+i for i < C where i and k are integers and i represents the numbers that are coprime to C
Here is an example with C=30, it should work faster than Bart Kiers answer for C=6 and you can improve it by computing C=210
boolean isPrime(long n) {
if(n < 2){
return false;
}
if(n == 2 || n == 3 || n == 5 || n == 7 || n == 11 || n == 13 || n == 17 || n == 19 || n == 23 || n == 29){
return true;
}
long sqrtN = (long) Math.sqrt(n) + 1;
int[] mods = {1, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29};
for (long i = 30L; i <= sqrtN; i += 30) {
for (int mod : mods) {
if(n % (i + mod) == 0){
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}