I've just tested my application under the profiler and found out that sql strings use about 30% of my memory! This is bizarre.
There are a lot of strings like this stored in app memory. This is SQL queries generated by hibernate, note the different numbers and trailing underscores:
select avatardata0_.Id as Id4305_0_,...... where avatardata0_.Id=? for update
select avatardata0_.Id as Id4347_0_,...... where avatardata0_.Id=? for update
Here is the part I can't understand. Why does hibernate have to generate different sql strings with different identifiers like "Id4305_0_" for each query? Why can't it use one query string for all identical queries? Is this some kind of trick to bypass query caching?
I would greatly appreciate if someone would describe me why it happening and how to avoid such resource wasting.
UPDATE
Ok. I found it. I was wrong assuming memory leak, It was my fault. Hibernate is working as intended.
My app created 121(!) SessionFactories in 10 threads, they produced about 2300 instances of SingleTableEntityPersisters. And each SingleTableEntityPersister generates about 15 SQL queries with different identifiers. Hibernate was forced to generate about 345.000 different SQL queries. Everything is fine, nothing weird :)
There is a logic behind the query string that hibernate generates. Its primary aim is to get unique aliases for tables and columns names.
From your query,
select avatardata0_.Id as Id4305_0_,...... where avatardata0_.Id=?
avatardata0_ ==> avatardata is the alias of the table and 0_ is appended to indicate it is the first table in the query. So if it were the second table(or Entity) in the query it should have been shown as avatardata1_. It uses the same logic for the column aliases.
So, this way all the possible conflicts are avoided.
You are seeing theses queries because you have turns on the show_sql flag the configuration. This is intended for the debugging of queries. Once you application started working you are supposed turn it off.
Read more on the API docs here.
I am not much aware of the memory consumption part, but you repeat your tests with the above flag turned off and see if there is any improvement.
Assuming you are using sql server, you might want to check the parameter type declaration for '?', making sure the declaration results in the same, fixed length declaration every time.
Dynamic length parameters would result in separate execution plans for each query. This could possibly comsume a lot of resources. What we see as the same procedure, get's interpreted by sql server as a different query, rendering a separate execution plan.
Thus,
exec myprocedure #p1 varchar(3)='foo'
and
exec myprocedure #p1 varchar(6)='foobar'
would result in different plans. Simply by the fact that the declarations of #p1, differ in size.
There is a lot to know about this behaviour. If the above applies to you, I would recommend you read up on 'parameter sniffing'.
No... you can generate you common query inside the hibernate. The logic behind is to mapping with table and fetch the record from there. It is used common query for all the database. Please create a common query like that :
Example :
select t.Id as Id4305_0_,...... from t where t.Id=?
Related
I have a Korma based software stack that constructs fairly complex queries against a MySQL database. I noticed that when I am querying for datetime columns, the type that I get back from the Korma query changes depending on the syntax of the SQL query being generated. I've traced this down to the level of clojure.java.jdbc/query. If the form of the query is like this:
select modified from docs order by modified desc limit 10
then I get back maps corresponding to each database row in which :modified is a java.sql.Timestamp. However, sometimes our query generator generates more complex union queries, such that we need to apply an order by ... limit ... constraint to the final result of the union. Korma does this by wrapping the query in parentheses. Even with only a single subquery--i.e., a simple parenthesized select--so long as we add an "outer" order by ..., the type of :modified changes.
(select modified from docs order by modified desc limit 10) order by modified desc
In this case, clojure.java.jdbc/query returns :modified values as strings. Some of our higher level code isn't expecting this, and gets exceptions.
We're using a fork of Korma, which is using an old (0.3.7) version of clojure.java.jdbc. I can't tell if the culprit is clojure.java.jdbc or java.jdbc or MySQL. Anyone seen this and have ideas on how to fix it?
Moving to the latest jdbc in a similar situation changed several other things for us and was a decidedly "non-trvial" task. I would suggest getting off of a korma fork soon and then debugging this.
For us the changes focused around what korma returned on update calls changed between the verions of the backing jdbc. It was well worth getting current even though it's a moderately painful process.
Getting current with jdbc will give you fresh new problems!
best of luck with this :-) These things tend to be fairly specific to the DB server you are using.
Other options for you is to have a policy of aways specifying an order-by parameter or building a library to coerce the strings into dates. Both of these have some long term technical dept problems.
I am executing a custom built DML statement using the
namedParameterJdbcTemplate.update(sql, valueMap);
call, where the sql is built based on the values in the map. Here my map could get very large and thus the sql might also get very lengthy. I understand that in Oracle, there is no fixed number for how long a query can be and there are many factors including the database configuration that may affect this value, but I would like to limit the query length to a fixed number.
What is the best way to limit the query length? Would the spring-batch API be any useful here?
Thanks in advance for any pointers.
I would choose one of these approaches:
Temporary table - Insert data in batch to the temporary table and then use MERGE INTO statement with that table.
Create SQL type for your rows and bind just that one parameter. (google for OraData - it is a bit tricky but it works)
Both will enable you to have a small static query and therefore avoid potential problems with too large query (and its parsing, polluting library cache etc.).
Are there any performance improvement in calling a procedure which returns SYS_RECURSOR or call a query?
For example
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc
(
p_id number,
emp_cursor IN OUT SYS_REFCURSOR
)
AS
BEGIN
OPEN emp_cursor for
select * from emp where emp_number=p_id
end;
/
and call the above from Java by registering OUT parameter,pass IN parameter and fetch the results.
Or
From Java get the results from emp table by
preparedStatement = prepareStatement(connection, "select * from emp where emp_number=?", values);
resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
Which one of the above is a better option to call from Java?
There is no performance difference assuming your prepareStatement method is using the appropriate type for all bind variables. That is, you would need to ensure that you are calling setLong, setDate, setString, etc. depending on the data type of the parameter. If you bind the data incorrectly (i.e. calling setString to bind a numeric value), you may force Oracle to do data type conversion which may prevent the optimizer from using an index that would improve performance.
From a code organization and maintenance standpoint, however, I would rather have the queries in the database rather than in the Java application. If you find that a query is using a poor plan, for example, it's likely to be much easier for a DBA to address the problem if the query is in a stored procedure than if the query is embedded in a Java application. If the query is stored in the database, you can also use the database's dependency tracking functions to more easily do an impact analysis if you need to do something like determine what would be impacted if the emp table needs to change.
Well, I don't think there is major significant difference from the Java invocation standpoint.
Some differencesI can think of are:
You will now have to maintain two different code bases: your Java code and your stored procedures. In case of errors, you will have to debug in two different places, and fix problems in two different places.
Once production-ready, making changes to the database is probably going to require some additional formalisms besides those required to change the Java code deployed.
Another important matter to take into account is database-independence, if you are building a product to work with different kinds of databases, you would be forced to write different versions of your stored procedures and you will have more code to maintain (debug, bugfix, change, etc).
This very important if you're building a product that you intend to deploy in different environments of different (possible yet unknown) clients, wich you cannot predict what RDBMS will be using.
If you want to use an ORM framework i.e. Hibernate, EclipseLink) it will generate pretty optimized queries for you. Plus, it would be more difficult to integrate it later on if you use stored-procedures.
With proper amount of logging is easy to analyze your queries for optimization purposes. You could use JDBC logging or the logging provided by your ORM provider and actually see how the query is being used by the application, how many times, how often, etc, and optimize where it matters.
I'm working on a web based application that belongs to an automobil manufacturer, developed in Spring-Hibernate with MS SQL Server 2005 database.
There are three kind of use cases:
1) Through this application, end users can request for creating a Car, Bus, Truck etc through web based interfaces. When a user logs in, a HTML form gets displayed for capturing technical specification of vehicle, for ex, if someone wanted to request for Car, he can speify the Engine Make/Model, Tire, Chassis details etc and submit the form. I'm using Hibernate here for persistence, i.e. I've a Car Entity that gets saved in DB for each such request.
2) This part of the application deals with generation of reports. These reports mainly dela with number of requests received in a day and the summary. Some of the reports calculate Turnaround time for individual Create vehicle requests.
I'm using plain JDBC calls with Preparedstatement (if report can be generated with SQLs), Callablestatement (if report is complex enough and needs a DB procedure/Function to fetch all details) and HibernateCallback to execute the SQLs/Procedures and display information on screen.
3) Search: This part of application allows ensd users to search for various requests data, i.e. how many vehicle have been requested in a Year etc. I'm using DB procedure with CallableStatement..Once again executing these procedures within HibernateCallback, populating and returning search result on GUI in a POJO.
I'm using native SQL in (2) and (3) above, because for the reporting/search purpose the report data structure to display on screen is not matching with any of my Entity. For ex: Car entity has got more than 100 attributes in itself, but for reporting purpose I don't need more than 10 of them.. so i just though loading all 100 attributes does not make any sense, so why not use plain SQL and retrieve just the data needed for displaying on screen.
Similarly for Search, I had to write procedures/Functions because search algorithm is not straight forward and Hibernate has no way to write a stored procedure kind of thing.
This is working fine for proto type, however I would like to know
a. If my approach for using native SQLs and DB procedures are fine for case 2 and 3 based on my judgement.
b. Also whether executing SQLs in HibernateCallback is correct approach?
Need expert's help.
I would like to know (...) if my approach for using native SQLs and DB procedures are fine for case 2 and 3 based on my judgment
Nothing forces your to use a stored procedure for case 2, you could use HQL and projections as already pointed out:
select f.id, f.firstName from Foo f where ...
Which would return an Object[] or a List<Object[]> depending on the where condition.
And if you want type safe results, you could use a SELECT NEW expression (assuming you're providing the appropriate constructor):
select new Foo(f.id, f.firstName) from Foo f
And you can even return non entities
select new com.acme.LigthFoo(f.id, f.firstName) from Foo f
For case 3, the situation seems different. Just in case, note that the Criteria API is more appropriate than HQL to build dynamic queries. But it looks like this won't help here.
I would like to know (...) whether executing SQLs in HibernateCallback is correct approach?
First of all, there are several restrictions when using stored procedures and I prefer to avoid them when possible. Secondly, if you want to return entities, it isn't the only way and simplest solution as we saw. So for case 2, I would consider using HQL.
For case 3, since you aren't returning entities at all, I would consider not using Hibernate API but the JDBC support from Spring which offers IMHO a cleaner API than Session#connection() and the HibernateCallback.
More interesting readings:
References
Hibernate Core reference guide
14.6. The select clause (about the select new)
16.1.5. Returning non-managed entities (about ResultTransformer)
16.2.2. Using stored procedures for querying
Resources
Hibernate 3.2: Transformers for HQL and SQL
Related questions
hibernate SQLquery extract variable
hibernate query language or using criteria
You should strive to use as much HQL as possible, unless you have a good argument (like performance, but do a benchmark first). If the use of native queries becomes to excessive, you should consider whether Hibernate has been a good choice.
Note a few things:
you can have native queries and stored procedures that result in Hibernate entities. You just have to map the query / storproc call to a class and call it by session.createSQLQuery(queryName)
If you really need to construct native queries at runtime, the newest version of hibernate have a doWork(..) method, by which you can do JDBC work.
You say
For ex: Car entity has got more than 100 attributes in itself, but for reporting purpose I don't need more than 10 of them.. so i just though loading all 100 attributes does not make any sense
but HQL in hibernate allows you to do a projection (select only a subset of the columns back). You don't have to pull the entire entity if you don't want to.
Then you get all the benefits of HQL (typing of results, HQL join syntax) but you can pretty much write SQLish code.
See here for the HQL docs and here for the select syntax. If you're used to SQL it's pretty easy.
So to answer you directly
a - No, I think you should be using HQL
b - Becomes irrelevant if you go with my suggestion for a.
I've been writing a java app on my machine and it works perfectly using the DB I set up, but when I install it on site it blows up because the DB is slightly different.
So I'm in the process of writing some code to verify that:
A: I've got the DB details correct
B: The database has all the Tables I expect and they have the right columns.
I've got A down but I've got no idea where to start with B, any suggestions?
Target DB is for the current client is Oracle, but the app can be configured to run on SQL Server as well. So a generic solution would be appreciated, but is not nessisary as I'm sure I can figure out how to do one from the other.
You'll want to query the information_schema of the database, here are some examples for Oracle, every platform I am aware of has something similar.
http://www.alberton.info/oracle_meta_info.html
You might be able to use a database migration tool like LiquiBase for this -- most of these tools have some way of checking the database. I don't have first hand experience using it so it's a guess.
I use DbUnit to test databases. It is a Java based solution, that integrates well with Junit. It is possible to use it with almost no Java. I havent used it in exactly the same situation as you described, but it should be close enough to work.
Most generic solution would be to execute queries with select clause having the expected coulmns and from clause having table names, within try catch block. You can put where clause as 1=2 so as not to fetch any data. If query executed without throwing exception then you have got the expected table and columns.
The slightly different piece might be better handled by scripting the creation of the database in the first place. A automated process gives you a better chance of making the two identical.
Another point worth making is that you minimize your risk by making your devl and prod environments identical - same database schema and vendor for both. Change the circumstances that make the two different.
Lastly, you don't say what is "slightly" different, but sometimes these are unavoidable (e.g. Oracle uses sequences, SQL Server uses identities). Maybe Hibernate can help you to switch between vendors more reliably. It abstracts details in such a way that changing databases can mean modifying a single value in a configuration file.
What you need to have is basically Unit Tests for your database. "A column must exist named FOOBAR, the type must be Integer. No foreign keys may exist etc."
This is doable with plain JUnit and JDBC (ask the table for its meta-data) as you may want to ensure that you are absolutely certain what is being done which may be harder when using e.g. dbUnit.
You can check for the presence of tables, columns, views, etc. using these tables in Oracle
USER_TABLES
USER_VIEWS
USER_PROCEDURE
(or for everything)
USER_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_TYPE = '??'
To keep going... USER_TAB_COLS for table columns
Regards
K
I use MigrateDB for this. It lets you build queries that do things like check for the existence of given tables, columns, rows, indexes, etc. for a given database and use those as "tests." If a test fails, it triggers an "action" (which is just another query that knows how to remedy the problem.)
MigrateDB supports multiple database platforms (you can specify the "check for table existence query" for each platform, for example), completely configurable tests (you can make your own up), comes with fairly complete Oracle tests, and can be run in "audit only" mode so that it only tells you what the differences are.
It's a nice, robust solution.
If you're using plain JDBC, you should try utilizing this method: DatabaseMetadata.getTables and other similar methods available in the metadata class.