Good day!
I have been searching the Internet for an answer to my problem but I have not been able to get one.
How do I reference foreign keys from different tables in a Derby database?
This is my current SQL code:
CREATE TABLE class_t
(course_id VARCHAR(6) NOT NULL,
semester VARCHAR(6) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT sem_constraint CHECK (semester IN ('1st','2nd','module')),
school_year DATE NOT NULL,
course_name VARCHAR(70) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT class_pk PRIMARY KEY (course_id, semester, school_year)
);
CREATE TABLE student_t
(id_number INT NOT NULL,
fullname VARCHAR(35) NOT NULL,
contact_num VARCHAR(35),
email VARCHAR(25),
CONSTRAINT student_pk PRIMARY KEY (id_number)
);
CREATE TABLE student_list
(course_id VARCHAR(6) NOT NULL,
semester VARCHAR(6) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT sem_constraint2 CHECK (semester IN ('1st','2nd','module')),
school_year DATE NOT NULL,
id_number INT NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT student_list_pk PRIMARY KEY (course_id, semester, school_year, id_number),
CONSTRAINT student_list_FK FOREIGN KEY (course_id, semester, school_year, id_number)
REFERENCES class_t (course_id, semester, school_year), student_t (id_number) #this is my problem
);
Your help is very much appreciated! Thanks in advance.
Nevermind, I've figured it out myself. Had a clue at the solution when I looked at http://db.apache.org/derby/docs/10.2/ref/rrefsqlj13590.html in the examples part. There should be different constraints for each foreign keys from different tables. It should be like this:
CREATE TABLE student_list
(course_id VARCHAR(6) NOT NULL,
semester VARCHAR(6) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT sem_constraint2 CHECK (semester IN ('1st','2nd','module')),
school_year DATE NOT NULL,
id_number INT NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT student_list_pk PRIMARY KEY (course_id, semester, school_year, id_number),
CONSTRAINT student_list_fk1 FOREIGN KEY (course_id, semester, school_year)
REFERENCES class_t (course_id, semester, school_year),
CONSTRAINT student_list_fk2 FOREIGN KEY (id_number)
REFERENCES student_t (id_number)
);
Thanks for all your help stackoverflow.com community! :)
Related
I have table relation like this scenario -> event -> plan and they are:
scenario_table:
CREATE TABLE `scenario` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`plan_cycle_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`created_by` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`created_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`updated_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `scenario_table_plan_cycle_id_fk` (`plan_cycle_id`),
CONSTRAINT `scenario_table_plan_cycle_id_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`plan_cycle_id`) REFERENCES `planning_cycle` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
event_table
CREATE TABLE `event` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`start_date` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`end_date` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`scenario_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`created_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`updated_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`created_by` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `fk_scenario_id` (`scenario_id`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_scenario_id` FOREIGN KEY (`scenario_id`) REFERENCES `scenario` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
plan_table
CREATE TABLE `plan` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`scenario_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`input` json DEFAULT NULL,
`created_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`updated_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`created_by` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `plan_scenario_id` (`scenario_id`),
CONSTRAINT `FKnjhfw18pms9j2yhtvu954hcsi` FOREIGN KEY (`scenario_id`) REFERENCES `scenario` (`id`), // this was not there in create table command but later added by mysql //
CONSTRAINT `plan_scenario_id` FOREIGN KEY (`scenario_id`) REFERENCES `event` (`scenario_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
Now I want to cascade delete scenario, event and plan for some particular scenario_id. When there are no grandchildren, scenario and event are getting deleter as expected. But when a new entry is present in plan which refers a scenario_id, am getting this error while deletion:
java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`db_dev`.`plan`, CONSTRAINT `plan_scenario_id` FOREIGN KEY (`scenario_id`) REFERENCES `event` (`scenario_id`))
I tried EAGER loading in eventEntity.java like this:
#OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER, mappedBy = "scenario", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
private List<planEntity> planEntityList;
and in planEntity.java like this:
#ManyToOne
#JoinColumn(name = "scenario_id", referencedColumnName = "id")
private ScenarioEntity scenario;
How I can handle this case through *entity.java files ?
In MySql when a table is InnoDB you can Add Foreign Key Constraints. Foreign Key checks is done when you update or delete a record. The results of foreign Key checks depend on the design of your table as you may allow cascading the update or delete or prevent the process of update or delete.
The following is an example of a parent:
CREATE TABLE parent (
id INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=INNODB;
Example of child table that allows parent table to delete or update the (id) field of the parent table (Child also will be deleted):
CREATE TABLE child (
id INT,
parent_id INT,
INDEX par_ind (parent_id),
FOREIGN KEY (parent_id)
REFERENCES parent(id)
ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=INNODB;
Example of child table that prevents the update of (id) field of parent but allows parent table to be deleted. (Child also will be deleted):
CREATE TABLE child (
id INT,
parent_id INT,
INDEX par_ind (parent_id),
FOREIGN KEY (parent_id)
REFERENCES parent(id)
ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=INNODB;
Example of child table that prevents parent table to delete or update the (id) field of the parent table. This will give error like "Cannot Delete or Update a Parent Row: A Foreign Key Constraint Fails":
CREATE TABLE child (
id INT,
parent_id INT,
INDEX par_ind (parent_id),
FOREIGN KEY (parent_id)
REFERENCES parent(id)
) ENGINE=INNODB;
You have four options when using foreign key constraints :
RESTRICT | CASCADE | SET NULL | NO ACTION | SET DEFAULT
RESTRICT : is the default if you don't include ON UPDATE/ON DELETE
CASCADE : Delete child when delete parent or update parent_id when id of parent changed.
for more information you can see FOREIGN KEY Constraints
There is also a variable that control foreign key checks. If you set it to 0 (false) you will disable foreign key checks.
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
Back to your database, I think it is better to modify your tables structure to allow cascade delete. You can also use ON DELETE SET NULL then later you can delete any record where parent_id=null. If you can't modify tables structure then you have to first delete records in child table before deleting parent record.
java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (hrms.employees, CONSTRAINT FKe4i9i8vu1j96m71g4v98kqirb FOREIGN KEY (designation_id) REFERENCES designations (id))
I just land on this problem, I try to delete an entity, but the entity have a relation with another entity and another entity have another relation to imagine the picture this is the tables
How to detach employee and designation from department when I want to delete department. I can delete designations in the code, but I don't want to delete the employee with foreign key associated to the department and designation.
CREATE TABLE `departments` (
`id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(150) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
CREATE TABLE `designations` (
`id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`department_name` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(140) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`address` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`dob` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`email` varchar(35) NOT NULL,
`employee_number` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
`full_name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`gender` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`join_date` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
`phone_number` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`username` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`department_id` bigint DEFAULT NULL,
`designation_id` bigint DEFAULT NULL,
`avatar_image` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `FKgy4qe3dnqrm3ktd76sxp7n4c2` (`department_id`),
KEY `FKe4i9i8vu1j96m71g4v98kqirb` (`designation_id`),
CONSTRAINT `FKe4i9i8vu1j96m71g4v98kqirb`
FOREIGN KEY (`designation_id`)
REFERENCES `designations` (`id`),
CONSTRAINT `FKgy4qe3dnqrm3ktd76sxp7n4c2`
FOREIGN KEY (`department_id`)
REFERENCES `departments` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
Spring is completely irrelevant to your question. Its all about the MySQL database and the way you have defined the tables in your DDL.
You cannot delete a Parent row if a Child row exists on your database because of how you defined that constraint.
There is a ON DELETE .... syntax which tells MySQL what to do when a parent row is deleted, by default MySQL will reject the delete, you can change this in a number of ways, as specified in the MySQL manual, of all the odd places.
In your case as you want to NOT DELETE the Employee when you delete the Department, and you have the column
`department_id` bigint DEFAULT NULL,
defined as DEFAULT NULL then change your CONSTRAINT as below
CONSTRAINT `FKgy4qe3dnqrm3ktd76sxp7n4c2`
FOREIGN KEY (`department_id`)
REFERENCES `departments` (`id`)
ON DELETE SET NULL
You could of course also do
CONSTRAINT `FKgy4qe3dnqrm3ktd76sxp7n4c2`
FOREIGN KEY (`department_id`)
REFERENCES `departments` (`id`)
ON DELETE SET DEFAULT
both would do the same thing in this case as your default is NULL for that column
There are two tables:
CREATE TABLE A(
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
softwareId VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
version VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
releaseDate TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
and
CREATE TABLE UPDATE_FILE(
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
updateId INT,
FOREIGN KEY (updateId) REFERENCES SOFTWARE_UPDATE(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
osName VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
osArch VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
filePath VARCHAR(2048) NOT NULL,
fileName VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
they have relationship on updateId.
I know how to add data into a table with no relationships.
getConnection().prepareStatement("INSERT INTO table(c1,c2,c3) VALUES(?,?,?)");
pStatement.setString(1, version);
pStatement.setString(2, path);
pStatement.setTimestamp(3, new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
pStatement.executeUpdate();
I'm not sure if adding new data into tables with relationship is the same?
It is the same. But may I suggest you use JPA instead of JDBC for this? I think that will be really easy when it comes to complex foreign key mappings. Make sure the database you are using is JPA compatible though.
I was working with UIs where the user will click the add button to add employees, but when I do it, it gives me an error like this
com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`finalpayroll`.`personal_info`, CONSTRAINT `personal_info_ibfk_1`
How would I fix this?? I know I am using a parent key, and its foreign key is the User, and also take note that the parent key has already a data, but it seems my query won't work, why is that? I am using a foreign key with delete cascade and on update cascade so that when I delete a data, all of the child table rows will be deleted, vice versa. here's my key for adding or inserting statements
public void addEmployee(Personal p ,Contact c,Employee e) {
Connection conn = Jdbc.dbConn();
Statement statement = null;
String insert1 = "INSERT INTO personal_info (`First_Name`, `Middle_Initial`, `Last_Name`, `Date_Of_Birth`, `Marital_Status`, `Beneficiaries`) VALUES ('"+p.getFirstName()+"', '"+p.getMiddleInitial()+"'" +
" , '"+p.getLastName()+"', '"+p.getDateOfBirth()+"', '"+p.getMaritalStatus()+"', '"+p.getBeneficiaries()+"')";
try {
statement = conn.createStatement();
statement.executeUpdate(insert1);
statement.close();
conn.close();
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Employee Added!!");
} catch(Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
Users table:
CREATE TABLE `users` (
`idusers` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`emp_id` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
`emp_pass` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`idusers`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
Personal_info table:
CREATE TABLE `personal_info` (
`idpersonal_info` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`First_Name` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
`Middle_Initial` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
`Last_Name` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
`Date_Of_Birth` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
`Marital_Status` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
`Beneficiaries` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`idpersonal_info`),
CONSTRAINT `personal_info_ibfk_1`
FOREIGN KEY (`idpersonal_info`)
REFERENCES `users` (`idusers`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
You are trying to insert a record with 6 fields: First_Name, Middle_Initial, Last_Name, Date_Of_Birth, Marital_Status and Beneficiaries. Your schema is currently unknown but none of these fields seem to be a candidate foreign key to id of User table you mentioned. Thus I think there is a default value for that foreign key column and that default value is missing in User table.
Needless to say, you shouldn't have a default value for a foreign key of any table..
I am adding these information regarding your questions in comments and update on your question:
A foreign key is a link between a child table and parent table, personal_info and users tables in your case respectively. Child table's foreign key column must reference to a key value in parent table which means that for every value in child table's FK column, there must be a value in parent table's linked column.
Now, in your case when you try to insert a new personal_info record MySQL assigns a idpersonal_info to it, since you defined it as auto increment. But since there is a link to users table, MySQL searchs for the new idpersonal_info to be inserted in users table's idusers column. And as you are getting this exception, you surely don't have that value in the users table.
You can change your table structure as follows:
CREATE TABLE `personal_info` (
`idpersonal_info` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
... OTHER FIELD DEFINITIONS,
PRIMARY KEY (`idpersonal_info`),
CONSTRAINT `user_id_fk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users` (`idusers`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB
And your query will need to include user_id field as well. So it will be something like this:
INSERT INTO personal_info
(`user_id`, `First_Name`, `Middle_Initial`, `Last_Name`, `Date_Of_Birth`, `Marital_Status`, `Beneficiaries`)
VALUES ( .... SET YOUR VALUES HERE. DON'T FORGET TO SET A VALID USER_ID
Looks like in your Personal_Info table you have a column called "finalpayroll", that points to a column in another table (a foreign key) and it's required (not nullable). In your insert you're not giving it a value. So what you could do is make that column nullable.
Or could be the other way around as #Konstantin Naryshkin is saying
What the error means is that you are trying to insert a value into a column with a foreign key a value that is not in the remote table.
I assume that there is a user column that we are not seeing. Since you are not explicitly setting the value, I assume that it is getting a default. The default value is not in the parent table.
I have a table which has a field ID as a primary key and another field PID as the Foreign Key to the ID Field. Both are of long DataTypes.
So this is my table struct
CREATE TABLE `myobj` (
`ID` BIGINT(100) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`FRIENDLY_NAME` VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`PARENT_ID` BIGINT(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`PARENT` VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`ID`),
KEY `PARENT_ID` (`PARENT_ID`),
CONSTRAINT `myobj_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`PARENT_ID`) REFERENCES `myobj` (`ID`) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=7 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
I use Hibernate as ORM to insert into the MySQL DB. The problem is
When One or more of the records which will be top level with no parent id, an error occurs with insert top-level records. It looks like in case of no parent id
it will accept only NULL.
But from Java Application code perspective, the datatype is long and hence when i insert an object through Hibernate, with default value as 0 ,it looks like a constraint violation
Cannot add or update a child row: a
foreign key constraint fails
(genericdb.myobj, CONSTRAINT
myobj_ibfk_1 FOREIGN KEY
(PARENT_ID) REFERENCES myobj
(ID) ON DELETE CASCADE)
This problem occurs also when setting 0 as the value thru sql CLI.
Second Secnario:
Also tried setting the Default Value for PARENT_ID as 0.
CREATE TABLE `myobj` (
`ID` BIGINT(100) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`FRIENDLY_NAME` VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`PARENT_ID` BIGINT(100) DEFAULT '0',
`PARENT` VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`ID`),
KEY `PARENT_ID` (`PARENT_ID`),
CONSTRAINT `myobj_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`PARENT_ID`) REFERENCES `myobj` (`ID`) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
SO when i insert 0 into Parent_ID field, still error
Cannot add or update a child row: a
foreign key constraint fails
(genericdb.myobj, CONSTRAINT
myobj_ibfk_1 FOREIGN KEY
(PARENT_ID) REFERENCES myobj
(ID) ON DELETE CASCADE)
Kindly let me know if anything is wrong here.
The problem is that you're trying to point to row in myobj with the id 0, which doesn't exist. The default for that column should be null.
I'm quite sure that if you run select * from myobj where id = 0, you won't get any results back.