How to release strings in Android jni? - java

I see alot of post concerning the Android Jni but I still do not have a clear idea how to edit it. I have a Phonegap app that is having JNI Errors when loading a certain page.
From what I have read during research, I need to release the local storage. How do I do this, I am wondering.
All I see to do it but no real clear path on what to do.
If you were going to either release localRef strings or create a globalRef string What would you do?
Thanks ahead.

So you have already created 512 local references and you need to create more. You either have to release some of the ones you've already created, via DeleteLocalRef(), if that makes sense in your code, or else request more local slots, via EnsureLocalCapacity() or PushLocalFrame(). I prefer the latter in conjunction with PopLocalFrame(): many coding patterns fit into it, maybe yours.

Related

How to check that my jar file is not modified?

I hope you're doing well in these complicated times, good containment all around :D
So I come to my problem, currently I'm working on a game in Java and I know that it's possible to modify the jar file of my game which annoys me a little bit because it can give cheating possibilities for malicious players... I had thought of a solution even if it's not infallible, it would be to make sure to check if the jar file has not been modified. But the problem is that I don't know how to check this, I had thought of a system that would check the point of the file even if I doubt it would be the best solution.
If you have any other ideas to secure my game I would be interested :D
It is possible to check if a JAR file on your machine has been modified. Simply compare a cryptographic hash of the current JAR file with a previously recorded hash for a pristine copy. (Or just do a byte-by-byte comparison with the pristine copy.)
But you can't do this for JAR file on the user's machine:
You can't login to the user's machine and access their file system to look at the JAR file. (Even if you could, there is no guarantee that you would see the file that the cheater is actually using.)
If your application (running on the user's machine) tries to report on the integrity of its JAR files, this can be defeated by the cheater. All they need to do is to modify the JAR file containing the reporting code to report a fake hash.
Basically, there is no reliable way to detect that a cheater is running a modified JAR ... apart from detecting the anomalous behavior of the cheat itself.
But think of it this way. If there was a good (reliable, no circumvention) mechanism for detect that a cheater is running a modified client, then cheats would not be a problem in the many online games that exist out there. And (by extension) there would be no way to defeat software license enforcement schemes ... because software vendors would use a similar mechanism.
So, my advice would be not waste too much time on this approach. It only works against people with limited technical expertise or limited motivation.
The only way to completely prevent cheats is to control the platform on which the client runs. That is usually impractical.
In regards to your question about other ideas, the best thing you can do is validate everything from the client. One thing you should always remember is that the client cannot be trusted because you cannot verify anything from it. All you can do is store the state on a remote server and when the client tells you something, validate it, and give a response if necessary or prevent the action if necessary.
You will need to somehow find out where the jar file is: Java - Search for files in a directory
Then you can check for the last modified date of the file: https://www.boraji.com/java-get-last-modified-date-of-a-file
However, I would not consider this a very powerful defense against cheating, because one can modify the jar file and remove the validation of the file date.
You will need to think about the kind of cheating that can occur and to come up with other security measures as well.
EDIT
As Dave Thompson pointed out, the modified timestamp can be changed as well, which makes the modification of the jar file unnecessary, even though reverse engineering is still needed by the hackers, because that's how they find out what the rules of the application are.

How to secure my android app against RESKIN?

After a long hard work in developing an app, with a creative idea, then put it in the app store. I was shocked that my app was duplicated and reskined. OMG.
those peopple they just change the color theme and the app name then they put our app in their name.
Hense, Is there any technical solution, or an approach to prevent and to secure our app against this violation.
thank you in advance.
First of all, please check whether you enabled ProGuard to obfuscate your code when releasing. If yes, then it is time to switch to DexGuard (a commercial version of ProGuard). From my experience, it is still able to hack an application which turned on ProGuard (if you can read smalli code), but there is no way to attack an application which was protected by DexGuard.
Please refer this for more information: https://www.guardsquare.com/en/dexguard
This is called Reverse engineering because all resources that are reskined so called by you must be first extracted from application so you have to actually reverse engineering which is not completely stoppable how ever you can refer to this question this is what you are looking for

If I publish an app to the google play store what stops people from stealing my code?

I ask this question because I couldn't find the answer I was looking for but simply put is there anything in place in the app store to prevent stolen code? I notice that there are a lot of clones on android which made me wonder whether they are directly ripped off or just so easy to replicate that they end up cloned.
Can people just simply download the apk file and reverse engineer it?
Is there anything google has in place that prevents this, or if there isn't, is there anyway that I myself can prevent it or make it more difficult for people wanting to steal my code?
I'm still new to Java and learning so it will be a while before I start this, but the project I have in mind will consume a large chunk of what little spare time that I have for a while, so I don't want to put a lot of time into it without proper measures only to have it stolen and sold for someone else's profit in a week.
If this has been answered before whether on this site or another please point me to there and delete this if necessary.
Well, you can do code obfuscation, so that on de-compiling the code, the logic is not obvious, so hard to maintain.
You can use the free version i.e. ProGuard or much powerful professional version DexGuard.
Here is an example which shows how to configure ProGuard when you are using libraries.
Retrofit+ProGuard.

How do they do? - Overriding Dalvik File.delete()

Recently, my attention was drawn by some of the Recycle Bin applications on the play store, and I thought it would be nice to put some of those methods into practice to make other useful applications for people out there, but it seems not quite simple.
According to this Stackoverflow post, it is impossible!
But if you look closely, applications like GT Trash and Dumpster are working like a charm without any root permissions!
What we exactly want to achieve is overriding the android system File.delete() so the deleted file is moved to our desire location before the user permanently delete it. We tried the Andrey Petrov post witch shows a solution for a similar situation but it is not providing enough details.
We appreciate any help from those who where successful finding out the magic behind these apps.

Adding other video codecs / DVD support to JavaFX 2.2

Update:
Since the media side of JFX has been open sourced, I've looked into this myself and it is indeed possible, but requires changing and rebuilding the JFX source (both Java and C parts.) The process is described here for anyone that wants to have a go - I add MKV support in that example, but it should be very similar for other plugins.
The remainder of the question is thus mainly historical, but I'll leave it here for reference.
Background
I've been using VLCJ thus far for playing video in my application. It works, but if possible I'd like to see if I can achieve a similar level of support for common codecs by migrating to JavaFX and saving myself a lot of hassle with multiple VMs and suchlike that VLCJ needs to play multiple videos reliably. I won't go into it here but see my answer to this question if you're interested in the details. There's also the issue of cross-platform compatibility, it works on Mac and Linux ok but I haven't worked out how to get it to show on Mac yet (I believe there's some security in place to prevent one process gaining access to another's native components, but again that's beyond the scope of this question.)
It boils down to the fact that while it works, it's a lot of maintenance and hassle working with multiple VMs and bridging them stably if there's another solution that would be easier. VLC does have a pretty legendary level of support for playing pretty much anything which is why I've gone with it thus far, and I'd be interested to see if I can get a similar result in JavaFX - or at least if it can provide the means for doing so in a cross platform manner.
Research
JavaFX 2.0 supports video - great! But at the moment the official line is it supports "FLV containing VP6 video and MP3 audio". Is there a way to extend this to add in support for more codecs? There's no hard codec that I'd like to support, it's more a case of as many as I can so I'm looking for an extensible method to go about the above.
I wondered if it would play video for codecs installed natively on the machine and that it just doesn't advertise itself as such (because that functionality obviously is machine dependant and not cross-platform.) But no dice, I've tried a number of common formats and it really does refuse to play anything other than what it states.
From looking at JavaFX 1.3 it also supports other platform dependant codecs depending on where it's installed. Is there a way to get this behaviour with JavaFX 2? Or is it planned at all for a subsequent release? I haven't been able to find any information on it on the roadmap or any comment from Oracle about it.
Only thing I could find from searching extensively is here which implies that it may be possible but no-one seems to know how. I'd also be interested to know if it's based on GStreamer why all the formats supported by GStreamer aren't included by default either?
In terms of playing DVDs with JavaFX I've got absolutely nowhere, so I'm assuming that's just a no-go at the moment. If anyone does have any ideas or information though, I'm all ears.
Other approaches
One approach which I was half wondering may be possible is crowbarring the JMC jar out of the old JavaFX as described here and trying to get that working alongside JavaFX 2. I don't suppose anyone has had any luck with that approach or something similar?
All things failing, if anyone has any information or links on if / when support for additional codecs will be supported out of the box, then I'd be interested to hear that also. Or if anyone has any contact details for someone at Oracle I could ask that would also be appreciated! I've been longing for decent video support in Java for some time, and I guess what this boils down to is trying to figure out if JavaFX is the answer to this, or just another half hearted attempt that will never play more than what it does at the moment! I'm hoping it's not the latter, but I've yet to see much to show that's the case.
Believe me, I feel and know your frustration. I have pondered this for a while, but I had to use un-straight means of solving my issues.
There are many ways around this, each with limitations but depends on what works for you:
Docs say WebView works with HTML5, which plays videos supported on the platform (Though sadly not flash). If using a webview to play video works for you, you can try this out. You can even draw over it with other nodes.
Portable VLC Player! If maybe you're developing some sort of projector/director app and you want fullscreen video, you can have portable VLC player play the video in fullscreen in one screen with it's controls in the other. Used this solution and it works quite well for mac and windows. :)
Only thing is you can't draw nodes on the video as it's an external app, with just the illusion of fullscreen video of your app.
If you ever need to utilize the power of flash within your javafx 2.0 application, then use a swt-based browser(or something Like the DJ Project if you're a Swinger) as they support all features of your native browser.
I've now managed to compile MKV support into JavaFX successfully, and it does take some, but not a great deal of effort on the native layer also. See here for the discussion surrounding it, and here for the result submitted as a patch / JIRA ticket.
I've written a much more comprehensive guide on the process here which may be of interest to anyone else looking to go down this route.
What follows is my brief investigation before I actually seriously looked at compiling other media support in, though I'll leave it here for reference.
Now that JFX8 has been released and is completely open source, I've spent a bit of time looking at how this could be done, and whether it could be done without patching the JFX source. Unfortunately the answer to that latter point is an almost definite no, at least not without horrible bytecode manipulation hacks. I may look into this more practically at a later date, but I'll document what I've worked out so far from the source available.
The magic starts from the Media constructor, which is ultimately where the MediaException pops out from (with the MEDIA_UNSUPPORTED flag if you try to play an unsupported format.) From there it creates the Locator, whose constructor ensures that the URL is one that's supported. It's init() method is then called in a separate thread, which performs some sanity checking on the URL string, reads the file, then proceeds to try to work out what the format is.
The relevant code for this part of the method is thus:
if (scheme.equals("file") || scheme.equals("jar")) {
InputStream stream = getInputStream(uri);
stream.close();
isConnected = true;
contentType = MediaUtils.filenameToContentType(uriString); // We need to provide at least something
}
if (isConnected) {
// Check whether content may be played.
// For WAV use file signature, since it can detect audio format
// and we can fail sooner, then doing it at runtime.
// This is important for AudioClip.
if (MediaUtils.CONTENT_TYPE_WAV.equals(contentType)) {
contentType = getContentTypeFromFileSignature(uri);
if (!MediaManager.canPlayContentType(contentType)) {
isMediaSupported = false;
}
} else {
if (contentType == null || !MediaManager.canPlayContentType(contentType)) {
// Try content based on file name.
contentType = MediaUtils.filenameToContentType(uriString);
if (Locator.DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE.equals(contentType)) {
// Try content based on file signature.
contentType = getContentTypeFromFileSignature(uri);
}
if (!MediaManager.canPlayContentType(contentType)) {
isMediaSupported = false;
}
}
}
// Break as connection has been made and media type checked.
break;
}
From this we can see a first "dumb" attempt is made to grab the file content based on its name (this is what MediaUtils.filenameToContentType() does.) There's then some special cases for checking for different types of wav file, but if that fails then we fall back on a cleverer check which looks at the actual file signature. Both these checks are in MediaUtils. This latter check is much more extensive, and looks at the first few bytes of the file to see if it can work out a format that way. If it can't, then it bails out and throws the exception that then pops out as our dreaded MEDIA_UNSUPPORTED flag.
If the type is identified correctly though, there's still another hurdle to go through - it has to be supported by the current platform. Some platforms are loaded dynamically depending on the environment, however the GSTPlatform always exists, thus we would need to put any additional (universal) formats here. This is relatively simple, a CONTENT_TYPES array exists which just holds the array of supported formats.
Unfortunately cloning the JavaFX repo seems to be failing for me at the moment, otherwise I'd attempt to put some of this in practice. But in lieu of the above, what actually needs to happen to add support for further formats? It actually doesn't seem hugely difficult.
In MediaUtils, support needs to be added to the filenameToContentType() method to handle the new file extension. This is trivial.
In the same class, support needs to be added to the fileSignatureToContentType() method to work out the file type based on its signature. This is a tad more complex, but still not too bad. This may even be optional, since the current code only seems to use this as a fallback if the format isn't identified correctly (or at all) from the file extension. A comprehensive list of file signatures for different formats can be found here which should help with this task.
In GSTPlatform, the new content type needs to be added to the list of supported content types.
On the Java side of things, this appears to be all that's necessary to get it to accept the content type and at least attempt to pass it down to the native Gstreamer layer.
However, I'm no expert in GStreamer, so while I'm aware there's many more formats that it can handle and play that JavaFX currently refuses, I'm unsure as to how exactly they've removed this capacity. They've definitely done it in the Java layer above, but they may have also done it on the native GStreamer level - at this point I'm unsure.
I assume they've made some changes to GStreamer for JFX8 - but at the present time they're not listed on the relevant project page, so it's quite hard to work out exactly what they've changed for this version.
The next step would be to grab the JFX8 source, build with the above proposed changes for a new content type, and then see what errors (if any) occur on the native level, then take it from there.
The API design does not appear to have support for rolling your own codecs. Pretty much all of the classes are final (e.g. VideoTrack, Media, MediaPlayer etc). I assume that the actual video decoding is done with internal classes at present, meaning there is no way to override them.
There is a plan to Open Source JavaFX 2.0, I suspect as we approach the release of JDK8. Hopefully when they do this we can see how they resolve their codecs from the Media(String source) constructor and see if we can hook into this somehow.
And now, Javafx2.1 finally supports mp4 H.264 so you should now be good to go without the above posted stunts. :)
Current open feature requests for this in the JavaFX bug tracking system:
JDK-8091656 Wishlist for more media format support
JDK-8091755 Media should support InputStream
Read the linked feature requests and the associated comments on them to understand their current status (or lack thereof ;-) for the JavaFX distribution version that you are using.
Note, for the InputStream based Media API, one of the later comments by a JavaFX developer is "I propose we consider this for JDK 10", so I guess it may be a possibility in the future...
Also note, if you are not sure if JavaFX currently has in-built support for a given encoding type or not, a comprehensive overview of supported media encodings and media container types is provided in the javadoc for the javafx.media package (just ensure that you review the version of the javadoc which matches your version of JavaFX).
Those who may be interested in other solutions to at least get a video to play from JavaFX, even if it is a media type not natively supported by JavaFX and you don't want to hack the native JavaFX media support just to get your video to play, can also see my answer to the related question:
Playing h265 HEVC in a JavaFX client

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