I need to insert many entities into the database via Hibernate. So, I want to find the most effective algorithm for Id generation.
Accordingly Hibernate Documentation exists four widely used generation strategies:
IDENTITY
SEQUENCE
TABLE
AUTO
I should use MySQL database, so I cannot apply SEQUENCE generation strategy. What about other strategies? What is the most efficient from performance point of view?
The best id generators in Hibernate are enhanced-table and enhanced-sequence, coupled with an appropriate optimizer, such as hilo. I have experience with enhanced-table + hilo, inserting over 10,000 records per second.
BTW the statement that "hilo needs an additional query per generated entity" is patently false: the whole point of the optimizer is to prevent this.
As you can't use SEQUENCE, and AUTO just automatically selects a supported generator algorithm out of the existing ones, you are left with IDENTITY and TABLE.
TABLE: uses a hi/lo algorithm to efficiently generate identifiers of type long, short or int, given a table and column as a source of hi values. The hi/lo algorithm generates identifiers that are unique only for a particular database. -> Means an extra query per generated entity. (This is not true if you use optimizers. Unfortunately, using no optimizer generally is the default, if no optimizer was specified.)
IDENTITY: supports identity columns in DB2, MySQL, MS SQL Server, Sybase and HypersonicSQL. -> Performance-wise, this is the way to go, the same way you would do without Hibernate normally. Database generated, almost no overhead.
There exist more Hibernate specific generators, but they won't beat performance-wise the database generated ID. (See 5.1.2.2.1. Various additional generators in your linked document.)
Related
I am facing an issue while inserting 100 000 records at once using spring data JPA repository. When we execute repo.save(List<Objs>) it is taking a lot of time if we use Sequence generator as it queries the database for the nextval. I am using Oracle, which ID generation is best here?
Sequence generator is probably a good choice, but you have to tweak its parameters.
In your particular case, I'd start experimenting with allocation size, and then with strategy.
See for example: JPA/Hibernate bulk inserts slow
Take a look at the optimizers configuration:
https://vladmihalcea.com/hibernate-hidden-gem-the-pooled-lo-optimizer/
Note that your configuration resolves to:
SequenceHiLoGenerator on Hibernate 4
SequenceStyleGenerator on Hibernate 5, (it has hibernate.id.new_generator_mappings set to true)
You cannot use identity generator (see Hibernate disabled insert batching when using an identity identifier generator)
Table generator is not the best performant one (https://vladmihalcea.com/why-you-should-never-use-the-table-identifier-generator-with-jpa-and-hibernate/)
Additionally, make sure that the number of nextval() is the actual problem.
Maybe changing batch size or statement ordering will help (see https://vladmihalcea.com/how-to-batch-insert-and-update-statements-with-hibernate/)
allocationSize=1 is the real issue here. With this configuration hibernate will call nextVal() for each insert so if you have 1000 inserts then hibernate will call nextVal() a 1000 times.
For more information refer to this article by Vlad Mihalcea
I am developing an application that support multiple databases and hibernate fulfilling that requirement.
Now the issue is in primary auto generate key. some databases support auto increment and some required sequence for increment the identity. to solve this issue the use the following strategy
strategy = GenerationType.TABLE (javax.persistence)
This is fulfilling my requirement.
in this post, a user comment that
its always better to use increment or sequence instead of table generation if you need the ids to be in sequence
If I use the auto increment or sequence, it means it required some changes # annotation level, when I move one database to another (extra burden)
update me , it is really better to use increment or sequence instead of table generation or it is just a statement?
Auto increment drawbacks: You don't know the id until the transaction has committed (which can be a problem in JPA, since some EntityManager operations rely on Id's). Not all databases support auto increment fields.
Sequence drawbacks: Not all databases have sequences.
Table drawbacks: Id's are not necessarily consecutive.
Since it is very unlikely that you run out of Id's, using Table generation remains a good option. You can even tweak the id allocation size in order to use more consecutive id's (default size is 50):
#TableGenerator(name="myGenerator", allocationSize=1)
However, this will result in at least two queries to the id allocation table for each insert: one to step the value of the latest id, and one to retrieve it.
I am using Hibernate 3.0 in my application with Postgres database. It is a monitoring application and gathers data every minute. So we have thousands of rows in some tables every month.
Currently i am using sequence for generating Id in hibernate. Is there any better option according to this scenario?
Any suggestion will be appreciated.
IMHO sequence is the best approach because it gives you more flexibility although you may also use identity (auto-increment) column. I think it postgres it is called serial and there is also a way to store ids in sepearate table. To address these 3 approach you may use
appropriately :
#GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.TABLE)
#GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.SEQUENCE)
#GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
As for your previous question whether it is good to use single sequence for all tables. I wouldn't recommend this approach becasue db must assert that all sequence numbers are unique that is why each sequence generated value needs to be synchronized by the db server. If you have single sequence per db it may cause performace issues when multiple requests from multiple tables asks for next id value. I would rather recommend to have single sequence per table.
While I am not sure if there is a better alternative than using a sequence, I am pretty sure that you would want to look at using StatelessSession if this is just for gathering data. You can get rid of all the overhead for e.g 1st level cache, transactional write-behind etc
Hello and happy new year for everyone.
I need to insert a record at the end of a table (the table has not set autoincrement) using JPA.
I know I could get the last id (integer) and apply to the entity before insert, but how could that be done? Which way would be most effective?
There is no such thing as "the end of the table". Rows in a relational table are not sorted.
Simply insert your new row. If you need any particular order, you need to apply an ORDER BY when selecting the rows from the table.
If you are talking about generating a new ID, then use an Oracle sequence. It guarantees uniqueness.
I would not recommend using a "counter table".
That solution is either not scalable (if it's correctly implemented) or not safe (if it's scalable).
That's what sequences were created for. I don't know JPA, but if you can't get the ID from a sequence then I suggest you find a better ORM.
Well, while i do not know where the end of a table really is, JPA has a lot of options for plugging in ID generators.
One common option is to use a table of its own, having a counter for each entity you need an ID for (from http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B32110_01/web.1013/b28221/cmp30cfg001.htm).
#Id(generate=TABLE, generator="ADDRESS_TABLE_GENERATOR")
#TableGenerator(
name="ADDRESS_TABLE_GENERATOR",
tableName="EMPLOYEE_GENERATOR_TABLE",
pkColumnValue="ADDRESS_SEQ"
)
#Column(name="ADDRESS_ID")
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
...other "Generator" strategies to be googled...
EDIT
I dare to reference #a_horse_with_no_name as he says he does not know about JPA. If you want to use native mechanisms like sequence (that are not available in every DB) you can declare such a generator in JPA, too.
I do not know what issues he encountered with the table approach - i know large installations running this successfully. But anyway, this depends on a lot of factors besides scalability, for example if you want this to be portable etc. Just lookup the different strategies and select the appropriate.
How can I generate insert statements like insert into table (sequence.nextval, 'b0) using hibernate?
Hibernate currently selects the sequence.nextval value and only then it uses the value to insert the entry in the table.
Note: I'm not very fond of custom id generators.
Hibernate selects sequence.nextval because it has to return that value back to you (e.g. set ID on your entity). Unless you're doing something very esoteric I strongly doubt this has a big impact on performance (e.g. it's nothing compared to the actual insert). That said, you can look at Hibernate's sequence hi-lo generator - it would only access the sequence once in a while instead of every insert.
If you're using Oracle 10 client or above, check out sequence-identity in the most recent Hibernate versions to do what you're asking for.