If every class in Java implicitly extends Object class and multiple inheritance is not possible in Java then how do we even extend any class?
If you extend a class A that class in turn extends Object, so B extends A implicitly also extends Object.
"Java doesn't have multiple inheritance" means that you can't have two different parents, not that your parent can't have a parent.
C++ is an example of a language that lets you do multiple inheritance: http://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/117-multiple-inheritance/
Multiple inheritance looks like this:
class Teacher: public Person, public Employee
which means 'Teacher extends Person and Employee, inheriting its fields and methods'.
Instead of multiple inheritance, you're expected to create and implement interfaces to represent all the behaviours (or contracts if you prefer) your object supports. Java uses this for interfaces like Closeable and Serializable.
Multiple Inheritance is the concept of a single class inheriting from two or more super classes. If a class inherits from a super class and if that super class inherits from another super class it does NOT qualify as Multiple Inheritance. It is still Single Inheritance.
once u create object of sub class the object hierachy would be create on order of
objectclaass–>superclass—>subclass;
It is true that every class in Java inherits from the Object class – either indirectly or directly.
so in this case the sub class indirectly inherits object class.
Every Class that dosn't extends any other class it extends Object class.
if you extends anther class example extends Vector class
look to the hierarchy of class Vector you will end with a simple class that dosn't extends any anther class which explicitly extends Object.
and Any class extends anther class it explicitly extends all class that the parent class extends.
There is no multiple inheritance in Java, but there is class hierarchy. Inheritance in Java is transitive: if class A extends Object and class B extends A, than by transitivity A extends Object.
Related
This question already has answers here:
Java Multiple Inheritance
(17 answers)
Closed 7 years ago.
For eg:
Case 1: Does every Java class we create will extend Object class and if so then how come we an able to extend one more class to our class may be silly question just got it in mind i am posting this question
Pretty simple:
The hierarchy of java-classes is tree-like, with Object as root. If a class doesn't extend any other class it directly extends Object by default. So what about classes that extend some other class, like class A extends B. Now A extends B and Object. But this is not multiple inheritance. A extends B, thus A aswell extends any superclass of B, including Object. Just imagine the inheritance this way:
Object
/ | \
B ... SomeObject
|
A
Yes every class extends Object. However, Object is not necessarily the direct superclass. If a class Child extends Parent, then Child's direct superclass is Parent. In this case, the class hierarchy is:
Child < Parent < Object
So there is no multiple inheritance for Child. Object is inherited transitively by its direct superclass Parent.
No offense, but your english makes your question very difficult to read. I think I understood it though. Multiple inheritance is not the contrary of inheriting only from one class. You can inherit from several classes and still not have multiple inheritance.
For example, C inherit from A and B if A extends B, B extends C. However, the inheritance is a linear chain here, whereas multiple inheritance allows for trees, for example A extends B, A extends C. This is different, as you see. In java, you can inherit from as many classes as you like by transitivity but directly extend only one class.
Multiple inheritance is when you try to inherit more than a class at the same time,
I mean like
class Foo extends Faa, Fii {
}
that is not posible in Java but we can have this
class Faa{
}
class Fii extends Faa{
}
class Foo extends Fii{
}
that is not the same, in that case we have 2 parents (i mean Fii because we are extending from Fii and Faa because Fii extends from it)
Every Class in java extends Object class. Does Object class also extends some other class?
Does Object class also extends some other class?
No. It is the first class in the hierarchy.
Quoting from the documentation:
Class Object is the root of the class hierarchy. Every class has Object as a superclass. All objects, including arrays, implement the methods of this class.
no it is the first defined object in the hierarchy, you can see the hierarchy on the Object.java api.
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html
I have confusion in java inheritance. As I studied Java does not support Multiple Inheritance. So that it does not have diamond problem of inheritance at all.
But, every class of Java inherits Object class by default, and if we extend a class then there are two inherited classes first is Object and second is our inherited class. As I know if any class inherits two or more classes, its known as Multiple Inheritance. It shows that java supports multiple inheritance because its inheriting two classes at same time.
Then why its said that java does not support multiple inheritance and is there any possibility to have diamond problem in java?
Since all classes extend Object, the base class you're extending is by definition already extending Object. Your class doesn't need to add Object itself since it already exists in the hierarchy.
That means, Object will still only exist once in your hierarchy as the very root, so no "diamond".
See this
OBJECT CLASS
|
|
CLASS A{} //Class A extends class Object
|
|
CLASS B{} //Class B extends class A
|
|
CLASS C{}//Class C extends class B
Since every Class is inherited from Object class it is not in the case When you inherit from other class.Thus the object class will become super or the root class for all other inherited classes.
So whats the problem?
But, every class of Java inherits Object class by default, and if we extend a class then there are two inherited classes first is Object and second is our inherited class
That's partially correct.
If you extend a class explicitely, then it won't extend Object class.
if you have a class
class A
{
}
then, compiler will change it into
class A extends Object
{
}
But, if you extends a class explicitely, as following,
class A extends AnotherClass
{
}
compiler won't add anything now, hence No multiple inheritance.
You have misunderstood the concept of Class extending Object in case of Inheritance.
Only the top level class in the inheritance hierarchy, extends from Object class, and rest of the class lower in the hierarchy, extend the immediate super class. Thus they have all the methods of Object class through this hierarchy of inheritance, and there is no multiple inheritance involved.
public class A { // Extends from `Object` class
}
class B extends A { // Extends from `A`
}
class C extends B { // Extends from `B`
}
So, there will be no diamond problem in the hierarchy.
Java supports only syntactical multiple inheritance. Java does not
supports implementation of multiple inheritance.
Some people says java supports multiple inheritance through interfaces but it's not correct here the explanation:
inheritance ::
Getting the properties from one class object to another class object:
Class A{}
Class B extends A {}
Here an object of class B getting the properties(methods/functions/ & data members/class variables)
of class A.
Why java does not supports multiple inheritance using classes:
Class A{}
Class B{}
Class C extends A,B{}
X--this statement causes error because Class A getting object of object class from both sides A and B...
Every java class by default extending Object of object class and Object of object class is the root object means super class for all classes.
But here Class C having two super classes of object so giving error means java does not support multiple inheritance by using classes.
Is java supports multiple inheritance using Interfaces:
Because of this interface concept only few of us saying that java supports multiple inheritance but it is wrong.
Here the explanation::
interface A{}
interface B{}
interface C implements A , B{}
(or)
interface A{}
interface B{}
Class C implements A , B{}
Here its look like multiple inheritance but inheritance means getting the properties from one class object to another class object.
Here in interface concept we are not at all getting any properties rather we are implementing the unimplemented methods of interface in class.
So inheritance and intefaces are quite opposite.......
So finally java supports only syntax of multiple inheritance does not supports implementation of multiple inheritance.
Inheritance is like debit and interface is like credit but interface has its own importance in other concepts like server side programming.
Not exactly in Java you can only inherit from 1 distinct class at a time. That distinct class might inherit from another class however you don't have a single class inheriting from multiple distinct classes...
You can have many ancestors but only one parent. Here ancestors mean Object class where as parent mean the class which you are extending.
By specifying a class to inherit you override the default extends Object. So only when you don't specify a class to inherit does a class extend Object.
The class you extend from already extends from Object. When you extend from the new class, you in effect stop extending directly from Object, and instead inherit it via the new direct ancestor.
So it's not that you're extending from two different classes, it's that you're extending from a class that itself already extends from another class, namely the Object class.
Visually, multiple inheritance would be:
A Object
| |
C
But the situation you describe is actually:
Object
|
A
|
C
While i was reading java book, i came across "Every class extends class Object"...but if want a class B to extend class A.....but Class B will be now having multiple inheritance,one from Object class and one from Class A.How the conflict is resolved.
Can anyone explain?
Its multi-level inheritance, not multiple:
class A extends Object
class B extends A
First of all, Object class is the super/base/parent class of every class including user-defined classes.
So even if we don't mention it explicitly, the user-defined classes extends Object class by default.
Morevoer, Object class implements a set of methods and variables which are common to all the objects being created in the application. This is the main reason why we have Object class as a base class for all the other classes.
For eg:
hashCode() - this method creates a unique identity for each of the object being created in JVM.
ClassB extends from ClassA which also extends from Object. Therefore ClassB extends Object indirectly, through classA
"Every class extends class Object" just means if you don't specify the parent class, it takes on Object as the parent class
The book was trying to explain that every class is either a direct or indirect subclass of Object. Among other things, this means that every class inherits the public methods of Object: toString(), hashcode(), wait(), etc. It also means that whatever class variable a happens to be, you can always assign a to a variable of class Object.
There is no such thing as multiple inheritance in Java. The closest Java comes to that is interfaces, which is a whole subject in itself.
there is no conflict.. take a look at this structure
animal
bird
sparrow
parrot
dog
poodle
cat
the parrot class gets all attributes/methods of its super-class bird and from its super-class animal. this is called multiple inheritance.
You get traits from your parents right? You also get traits from their parents also.
I have an Android app with an Activity, a Thread and a class to hold data.
I have created an abstract class ActivityTemplate which extends the Activity class and implements some callbacks, e.g. onTouchListener. This also includes some abstract methods.
I have created an abstract class (ThreadTemplate) which extends the Thread class and includes some abstract methods.
I have created an abstract DataTemplate class which holds some data elements and some simple methods to manipulate it.
I can produce my app by deriving three classes, one from each of the 'Template's above, but I really want to be able to roll them all up into a single MyTemplate class from which I can derive my app from.
Sort of:
public class MyTemplate extends ActivityTemplate, ThreadTemplate, DataTemplate
then
public class MyApp extends MyTemplate
But the MyTemplate class will not compile as you can only extend one class.
Any thoughts, or am I asking the impossible?
Use object composition instead of inheritance:
class MyApp {
private ActivityTemplate activityTemplate;
private ThreadTemplate threadtemplate;
private DataTemplate dataTemplate;
}
When using inheritance always ask yourself the question whether your subclass has an "is-a" relationship with the parent. In this case, MyApp is not a template. It has-a template.