How do I convert a paintComponent to something that I can manipulate with a layout in a JFrame?
So, I'm running into an issue. I haven't really been taught (and don't have access to a book) how to use layouts/GUI stuff in my courses yet.
My issue is this: I have a program that the user inputs a number. Based on this number, the program calculates a circle and draws it out with a paintComponent method that has a for loop inside of it. The "pixels" that the circle is drawn with are actually fillRect methods. The current method of getting a user-input that I am using is a JOptionPane showInputDialog. This is MOSTLY fine, but I want the user to be able to select from a set of pre-defined numbers. Somebody suggested that I use a JComboBox, but I don't know how I would convert the paintComponent to something that would be usable by a layout manager (which a JComboBox must use, as far as I've learned). I know the dimensions of the paintComponent (805px by 805px) and there is no situation where it will change. If I could get some help with this bit, I am confident that I can figure out using a layout manager myself.
Another way to paint (besides custom painting) is to paint to a BufferedImage. The image can then be displayed in a JLabel.
Examples:
Painting in a BufferedImage inside Swing A fairly complicated one.
Dynamic Graphics Object Painting Another one.
Yet another one.
You don't know the dimensions of paintComponent because it's a method, and methods don't have dimensions. You probably know the dimensions of a JPanel or a JFrame or whatever your component is.
You should separate the panel where you do the painting, and a different panel which would contain any comboboxes or other inputs you decide to put in. That way you can keep your drawing panel as is, and they won't interfere with each other. You'll want to search for the tutorial on LayoutManagers.
Related
I recently stumbled upon a problem when attempting to create an overlay for my frame. The frame consists of 2 panels, a GamePanel and an OverlayPanel, each with their own paint methods. I seperated these in order to keep my code cleaner and for efficiency. The problem I'm having now, though, is that my paintComponent methods are overlapping each other, causing only one painted panel to be visible at a time.
I understand that this is caused most likely due to the fact that both panels cover the entirety of the screen. What is being painted on the OverlayPanel, however, only covers a part of the screen.
The goal is that the GamePanel will draw a map of some sort and the OverlayPanel will then draw something such as a rectangle at a given location on top of this map.
Is my approach to this wrong, or is there something I'm missing?
Is my approach to this wrong, ..
Yes. It is possible to separate drawing operations into separate methods in separate classes, yet still have the entire paint operation done by a single method.
Imagine there is a Map class with a draw(Graphics2D) method, and a RectangularPlayer class also with a draw(Graphics2D) method. Each class knows how to draw its own parts to a common graphics instance. In the paintComponent(Graphics) method of the GameField class, call the relevant draw methods of the map and player classes, as well as any other game elements that need to be rendered.
This question already has an answer here:
How to define multiple JButton actions from a different class
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Closed 6 years ago.
So the program draws a car and I'm going to make three buttons, one for flash to initialize the flashing ability, one left, to move the car one space to the left and one right, to move the car one space to the right. My question is how do I make it change color each time I press the button? So to sum it up, I don't know how to have an object change it's color each time the button is pressed while flashing is on. I assume I use paint()
Any help would be appreciated.
If you are drawing an image, you will need to load a different image file which is a different color, and then draw that image instead. You will do this inside whatever method you are currently using to draw the car.
If you are drawing a shape or text of some kind, you can call g.setColor() on the graphics object passed to the paint() or paintComponent() method before drawing the shape.
There are any number of ways to do it. The basic requirement though, is to have a Object of some kind which you can tell when it should change color, it would then undertake the appropriate action and update the UI accordingly.
You could...
Use a simple JPanel as the representation of the object and simply call it's setBackground color method when you want it to change color.
This assumes you want to make use of a LayoutManager to position the panel. While it is certainly doable, it will require some thought into the overall design
You could...
Use a JPanel and override it's paintComponent method and paint the color change there. At the simplest level, this is overkill, but if you also want to draw a "car" or an image of "car", then this becomes a little more meaningful, especially if you want to rotate the car based on the direction it's moving
See Painting in AWT and Swing, Performing Custom Painting and 2D Graphics for more details
Flashing
I assume you mean you want the object to be animated in some way and "blink" on and off.
This can easily be accomplished through the use of a Swing Timer which can be used to change the state of a simple flag which changes the way in which the component is rendered.
See How to use Swing Timers for more details
The important concept to take away from this is to create a object which encapsulates the requirements in away which is ease for you to use, so when you enable flashing for example, all you do is call the setFlashing(boolean) method and the object takes care of the rest
We have a group project where we must create a turn based, 2 player, grid game for class, i.e. Chutes and Ladders. The whole project is done except for the fact that when we bring the background image up, the players pieces get painted behind the background, and are therefore not visible. Is there a way to get the pieces to show up on top of the background image? We are using imageIO for the image, GridLayout for the Grid, and then using PaintComponent to place the pieces on the grid. When we do not have the background image, the pieces show up on the Grid flawlessly.
using PaintComponent to place the pieces on the grid
Make sure to call the super's paintComponent(...) method first thing in your paintComponent override.
Make sure that your paintComponent method has no program logic inside of it.
Sometimes it's better to place your pieces in ImageIcons and the Icons in JLabels, and then place your JLabels on a Grid of JPanels. For example.
For more help, post code and give more details. To be honest, I'm a little surprised that you haven't even posted your paintComponent method code.
I am making a game in Java. Basically, I have two different "planes" of updating that I need to take care of the. The base layer is the actual game painting itself. It is simply a JPanel that covers the entire JFrame, and is drawn to using its Graphics object.
I use a fixed timestep to take care of these first graphical updates. I have overwritten the paintComponent() method to do absolutely nothing, as I have written a custom render(float interpolation) method that takes care of that, as to prevent unwanted updates.
However, this panel can take no input beyond primitive mouse clicks and keyboard input. I need the ability to create various menus, text boxes, etc, that are also on the screen. Like various abilities, or even the "Menu" button that usually appears in the upper left corner of most games.
To take care of that input, such as creating buttons, I have a second JPanel that has setOpaque(false) applied to it. Then I create various Swing components that I might need, such as a JButton.
To contain the two JPanels, I use a JLayeredPane, and set their layers appropriately, as seen below. This way the input layer should always be on top of the actual game layer.
The code below shows how I create and add the Swing components to each other. addLoginDialog() is a method that adds a Swing component for the login. It has been tested and works properly, and isn't the problem.
private void initComponents()
{
//This code is inside of the JFrame
wholePane = new JLayeredPane();
add(wholePane);
guiPanel = new GUIPanel();
guiPanel.setOpaque(false);
gamePanel = new RPGPanel();
gamePanel.setOpaque(false);
wholePane.add(gamePanel, JLayeredPane.DEFAULT_LAYER);
wholePane.add(guiPanel, JLayeredPane.POPUP_LAYER);
guiPanel.addLoginDialog();
}
So when I run the code, I get horrible flickering. This is the code that is run from my fixed timestep ~60 times per second.
public void handleRepaint()
{
//I don't use repaint() for the game drawing so I can be sure that fps is controlled.
Graphics g = gamePanel.getGraphics();
gamePanel.render(g);
g.dispose();
wholePane.repaint();
}
The problem is, I think, that the two different systems of updating the screen are clashing. The standard paintComponent() system is great for more static screens, but when I need to update consistently and keep track of the fps, I can't have updates going off randomly.
However, for the input layer, I only want to update as Swing normally does. When the mouse moves over a button, when I component is moved or is resized, etc.
Also, note the way the screen flickers: The Background image goes blank and then comes back again repeatedly. The input panel is always there, but is actually painted behind the game drawing, which shouldn't happen, because it is put in the default layer. The reason I know it isn't completely disappearing is because the game painting is partially transparent, so I can see underneath it, and the buttons I added are still there.
My main question is, how can I stop the flickering? Why is the game drawing being drawn on top of the input components when the game drawing is being done on the Panel that is in a lower layer in the JLayeredPane? And I supposed most importantly, what is causing the flickering? Thank you for any help.
Why is the game drawing being drawn on top of the input components
when the game drawing is being done on the Panel that is in a lower
layer in the JLayeredPane?
Mostly because you've circumvented how Swing works.
Let's start with the fact that the Graphics context is a shared resource (typically there is a single Graphics context per native peer), that is, every component gets the same context, this means, when you use your own painting routine, you are basically painting over every thing else.
The RepaintManager is responsible for making decisions about what and when something should be painted. So what you now have is two artist fighting over the same canvas, wanting to paint on it simultaneously, which is just making a mess.
Add into the fray that Swing's painting process is not thread safe and you end up with a complete mess.
If you absolutely must have control, then you need to remove Swing's painting engine from the equation.
Start by taking a look at Passive vs. Active Rendering
ps- There is also hard ware acceleration benefits to using a BufferStrategy
I was building a simplistic "game" as sort of tutorial into developing apps or such in java.
My Main class extends JFrame. It was just moving a ball around the screen. After getting to the point where I can move the ball can move I started implementing collision with the boundaries of the window and spent several minutes trying to figure out why the only went some beyond the border on 3 sides and then far beyond the top before I realized that the boundaries were being obeyed but that they were the edges of the actual window, beyond the display area.
How would I set up the Main class so that the boundaries are the visible area? Would it extend a different class? And then what it be inside of something else?
It's hard to say what you may be doing wrong without code,
but for one thing, you should never be drawing directly in the JFrame and should avoid extending JFrame.
Instead extend JPanel, get it's boundaries, and draw in this JPanel.
Also, make sure to override the JPanel's paintComponent(...) method,
to also call the super.paintComponent(g) inside the override.
Put the JPanel into a JFrame for display.
Make sure to check out the Swing drawing tutorials before doing this coding because often you have to change basic assumptions when doing graphics program and especially animation programs.