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How do you grab a certain string of text through a link in java?

Is it possible to grab a certain piece of text through Java in a website? like for example, https://weather.com/weather/today/l/41.93,-88.25?par=google&temp=f , how would i be able to figure out the temp that it displays in java?

The practical answer to your question is: You don't wanna do that.
Let me try to answer it, at which point you'll realize why you don't want to:
How do I programatically parse a website?
It's complicated. Just about every browser has an option to right click and 'view source'. Presumably the number(s) you want are in here; you can parse this text to find them. It's NOT easy though. You'll probably be tempted to use something like a regular expression or a simple 'find me this exact string of text' trick to find what you need. It may work. But generally that means the day that this site changes the style or just does some basic updates, your code ceases to work.
You'll need to put in your agenda to check, every day if you have to, if your code still works. That's 5 minutes out of your day, every day, for the rest of the life of this project. That sounds incredulously expensive, which is why you don't want this.
If you must, there are ways to tighten up your parsing code. If you use libraries like jsoup, that helps a bit. If you toss the entire site through a 'browser emulator', you can deal with javascript making ajax requests and the like (these days websites are like little programs, and to truly observe programmatically what the site shows to human eyes, you need to run that program to get the job done. If you're very lucky, you can inspect the 'source code' of the little program and that's all you need, but you're not always that lucky).
But, as I said, that just helps a bit. The day will come the weather channel changes their site and breaks your code. They won't announce it. It is not considered immoral or technically dubious to do so. Maybe you can update your agenda to check if your code works down to once a week instead of daily, but it'll be a permanent maintenance burden. You DO NOT WANT THIS.
Okay, forget that. How does this really work?
Sites that are designed to let you read this stuff have an API. They'll document it someplace. This is a 'website' made specifically for code. It has no formatting, and a well defined specification. Send it this specific simple string, and this specific simple answer comes out, and the site has tooling to let you know when they change it (for example, an 'API version') - all luxuries the site meant for human consumption will not have.
You're in luck. The weather channel has an API.
What you really want, is to read all that, figure out how that API works, and use that.
The API will not break when the weather channel decides that today is a good day to slightly change the shade of the background image.

In Java how to say speak/read instead of println/system.in

Just curious to know what it will take for me to have human capability to my java programs. Currently to display a message i use System.out.println and to read user's input i may use something like System.in. Wondering if there is a way for me to say System.out.speak() and System.hear();
If not possible with Java i'm okay to learn other languages please help.

Wondering if there is a way for me to say System.out.speak() and System.hear();
Literally, no.
System.out is a PrintWriter and there is no speak() method.
There is no System.hear() method.
Adding such methods would entail hacking on standard system classes ... making the resulting library "NOT Java(tm)".
Furthermore, there are no standard APIs in the Java libraries for text to speech or speech to text. (And I'm not aware of any other language that offers this functionality as a standard feature.)
However, I'm sure that if you looked hard enough you could find 3rd-party tools for doing this that could be integrated with Java, one way or another.
UPDATE
In fact, you have found the standard Android (as distinct from Java) APIs for this:
Speech recognition: android.speech
Text to speech: android.speech.tts
From a design perspective, I think it would be a better idea to support this kind of thing in the OS's user interface framework (where the user can control it), and not embed it in individual applications.

So it sounds like this is what you want:
"System.out.speak()" -- as you know by now, that's not a real thing. I think I could propose a high-level, temporary solution.
It sounds like you just want to be audibly notified when you reach a certain part in your code. Perhaps you could just record a wav or mp3 of yourself saying whatever it is you want to hear as an alert, and then import the wav/mp3 into your project directory. Refer to this article to figure out how to playback that audio:
Playing .mp3 and .wav in Java?
You could simply make a static method that takes in a string representing the desired audio playback and then does so by however the link above suggests.
If you want it to take in a string, and then have some sort of computer voice (e.g. Microsoft Sam) speak that string, that's a lot more complicated. I have no idea how to do that haha. But I'm guessing it's not as hard as your idea of "System.in.hear()"
"System.in.hear()" -- This is definitely not a thing. This requires knowledge in the field of Speech-To-Text (STT). This is basically how Siri or Google Now parses what you say to them. I'm sure there are libraries you could find that do this, but I'm too lazy to look for you :(
I hope this helps a little bit. I'm doing a little bit of research right now on STT and I saw your question pop up. I'm not very knowledgeable in the area, but I hope you figure out a way to get audio feedback instead of having to put println's everywhere. You should figure that out and reuse it.
Happy programming!

How to implement a solution in Java with ESHyperNEAT?

I'm interested in AI and 2 days ago I found an interesting recent development in this area, it's called ES-HyperNEAT, first there was NEAT, then HyperNEAT then ES-HyperNEAT.
Here are some links to the topic :
http://eplex.cs.ucf.edu/hyperNEATpage/
http://eplex.cs.ucf.edu/ESHyperNEAT/
So I've downloaded the Java version of AHNI, but there is no tutorial, I guess the developers took for granted that it's easy to use, but to me, I don't know how to implement a solution to the following problem, doesn't seem very hard, but could someone show me how to get started ?
Input looks like this :
Date , A , B , C , D
2013-07-26,18.94,19.06,18.50,18.63
2013-07-25,18.85,19.26,18.55,19.04
2013-07-24,19.32,19.40,18.47,18.99
2013-07-23,20.15,20.30,19.16,19.22 <-- Predict it ? [ Output ]
2013-07-22,20.09,20.23,19.80,20.03 <-- Start Date
2013-07-19,20.08,20.48,19.76,20.02
2013-07-18,19.88,20.68,19.64,20.12
2013-07-17,19.98,20.07,19.69,19.83
2013-07-16,20.38,20.49,19.51,19.92
......
2013-07-02,18.19,18.20,17.32,17.69
2013-07-01,18.38,18.96,17.95,18.15 <-- End Date
The program should read the above data from Start Date counting back n days to End Date, train on those data and the correct output will always be the next day's D value, I wonder how this can be implemented with ES-HyperNEAT ?
Specifically :
[1] Which classes to call to start the process ?
[2] How to tell it which fields in the input file to gather data, in this case it can ignore the Date field, and gather data from A,B,C,D [ not normalized to 0,1 ]
[3] How to tell it the correct result is the next day's D value ?
[4] How to specify the program should start from line x at the Start Date, and get data through line y at the End Date ?
Is there something like : myProgram.start(FilePath,Delimiliter,Filed2,Field3,..,Line_X,Line_Y,...) ?

The readme.txt (which you can see at https://github.com/OliverColeman/ahni) contains some info about getting started with your own experiments, specifically see the DEVELOPMENT AND CREATING NEW EXPERIMENTS section. There is currently no code specific to performing time-series prediction in AHNI, so you would have to extend one of the base fitness function classes (see the readme). Your code would need to do the things you ask about (points 2-4), but you could create a fairly generic time-series prediction class which can be configured via the .properties file to specify the things in points 2-4. If you do do this then feel free to contribute it and we'll add it to the AHNI software on github :).
AHNI is intended as a research platform to support my own research (and hopefully others along the way), rather than an "easy to use, throw generic machine learning problem X at it" kind of software package (depending on your definition of "easy to use"). I try to keep the code clean, well-organised and the API well-documented so that others may use it, but creating a full-blown tutorial (and functionality) for the many possible use-cases is beyond the scope of the project (though of course I'd gladly include tutorials written by others).
Before going further I recommend considering the below:
When googling around for previous research on using HyperNEAT for time-series prediction I came across a question I asked several years ago that is similar to yours that I had completely forgotten about (I was surprised to see my name attached to the question! :)) http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/neat/message/5470 The reply to this question is good food for thought on the matter. Additionally:
(ES-)HyperNEAT is designed to exploit geometric regularities (patterns, correlations) in the input or output (see http://eplex.cs.ucf.edu/papers/gauci_nc10.pdf), so one question that might be worth exploring is whether the data contains regularities that can be represented geometrically (in my question I suggested plotting some window of the time-series on a 2D plane, which the 2D input layer of the network "sees", similar to the approach used in http://eplex.cs.ucf.edu/papers/verbancsics_gecco10.pdf. However, it sounds like NEAT, using a recurrent network, might be just as good if not better than HyperNEAT for this kind of problem.

Handwritten character (English letters, kanji,etc.) analysis and correction

I would like to know how practical it would be to create a program which takes handwritten characters in some form, analyzes them, and offers corrections to the user. The inspiration for this idea is to have elementary school students in other countries or University students in America learn how to write in languages such as Japanese or Chinese where there are a lot of characters and even the slightest mistake can make a big difference.
I am unsure how the program will analyze the character. My current idea is to get a single pixel width line to represent the stroke, compare how far each pixel is from the corresponding pixel in the example character loaded from a database, and output which area needs the most work. Endpoints will also be useful to know. I would also like to tell the user if their character could be interpreted as another character similar to the one they wanted to write.
I imagine I will need a library of some sort to complete this project in any sort of timely manner but I have been unable to locate one which meets the standards I will need for the program. I looked into OpenCV but it appears to be meant for vision than image processing. I would also appreciate the library/module to be in python or Java but I can learn a new language if absolutely necessary.
Thank you for any help in this project.

Character Recognition is usually implemented using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). It is not a straightforward task to implement seeing that there are usually lots of ways in which different people write the same character.
The good thing about neural networks is that they can be trained. So, to change from one language to another all you need to change are the weights between the neurons, and leave your network intact. Neural networks are also able to generalize to a certain extent, so they are usually able to cope with minor variances of the same letter.
Tesseract is an open source OCR which was developed in the mid 90's. You might want to read about it to gain some pointers.

You can follow company links from this Wikipedia article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_character_recognition
I would not recommend that you attempt to implement a solution yourself, especially if you want to complete the task in less than a year or two of full-time work. It would be unfortunate if an incomplete solution provided poor guidance for students.
A word of caution: some companies that offer commercial ICR libraries may not wish to support you and/or may not provide a quote. That's their right. However, if you do not feel comfortable working with a particular vendor, either ask for a different sales contact and/or try a different vendor first.
My current idea is to get a single pixel width line to represent the stroke, compare how far each pixel is from the corresponding pixel in the example character loaded from a database, and output which area needs the most work.
The initial step of getting a stroke representation only a single pixel wide is much more difficult than you might guess. Although there are simple algorithms (e.g. Stentiford and Zhang-Suen) to perform thinning, stroke crossings and rough edges present serious problems. This is a classic (and unsolved) problem. Thinning works much of the time, but when it fails, it can fail miserably.
You could work with an open source library, and although that will help you learn algorithms and their uses, to develop a good solution you will almost certainly need to dig into the algorithms themselves and understand how they work. That requires quite a bit of study.
Here are some books that are useful as introduct textbooks:
Digital Image Processing by Gonzalez and Woods
Character Recognition Systems by Cheriet, Kharma, Siu, and Suen
Reading in the Brain by Stanislas Dehaene
Gonzalez and Woods is a standard textbook in image processing. Without some background knowledge of image processing it will be difficult for you to make progress.
The book by Cheriet, et al., touches on the state of the art in optical character recognition (OCR) and also covers handwriting recognition. The sooner you read this book, the sooner you can learn about techniques that have already been attempted.
The Dehaene book is a readable presentation of the mental processes involved in human reading, and could inspire development of interesting new algorithms.

Have you seen http://www.skritter.com? They do this in combination with spaced recognition scheduling.
I guess you want to classify features such as curves in your strokes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK_strokes), then as a next layer identify componenents, then estimate the most likely character. All the while statistically weighting the most likely character. Where there are two likely matches you will want to show them as likely to be confused. You will also need to create a database of probably 3000 to 5000 characters, or up to 10000 for the ambitious.
See also http://www.tegaki.org/ for an open source program to do this.

Internationalization of distances in java

Is it possible in Java without any extra library to internationalize distances?
I mean it is possible to handle that with date, time, currencies, numbers...
I would have expected to find a NumberFormat.getDistanceInstance or something.
Is there something like that already embedded or should i make my own internationalization system for distances (mostly miles vs kilometers)

I would love to hear about such formatter but unfortunately I never did. The problem is, there is no such data in CLDR yet, so it is not to easy to do.
That is to say that people actually think about this for quite a while – see ICU's Measure class. Unfortunately for now, it seems as close you can get is to determine measurement system – see LocaleData and LocaleData.MeasurementSystem.
After that you are on your own. You would need to leave this for translators (they need to actually translate units as well as formatting pattern).

No, there's nothing in the JDK to i18n distances, weights and most other measurement units, except for calendars (I know it's not really a unit, but the lunar calendar is quite different from the Gregorian calendar). Even OSs don't have that kind of information.
The only i18n you can do with time, currencies, numbers is the formatting. There's no feature to change the measurement unit.
So you'll need to build your own for distances :S.