hashset return false when should return true - java

I'm programming a Maze and I have some problems.
I have:
HashSet<State> closedList = HashSet<State>(); //it hold State objects
My State class look like this:
public class State implements Comparable<State>{
private double f;
private double g;
private String state;
private State prev;
.
.
.
closedList.add(state);
closedList().contains(state); // this equals true
but when I do this:
State temp = State(0,0,"");
temp.setStateName(state.getStateName());
closedList().contains(temp); // this equals false
I have implemented equals and hashCode in State:
#Override
public int hashCode(){
return state.hashCode();
}
#Override
public boolean equals(Object object){
if(this.state == object){
return true;
}
if(object == null || object.getClass() != this.getClass()){
return false;
}
return false;
}

closedList().contains(state); // this equals true
This is a red herring, it only returns true because HashSet checks with == before it makes a call to equals.
What you should try is something like this:
State temp = new State(0, 0, "");
System.out.println(temp.equals(temp));
And you will find this returns false. Why is that? Well let's follow the logic through.
First, you have this check:
if(this.state == object){
return true;
}
If you really intended this to be the way it is, it means you were expecting equals to be called with the String state as the argument, like this:
temp.equals(temp.getStateName())
(And it's the case the above call would return true.) This is incorrect, one would not expect equals to return true for unrelated classes (and in terms of the equals contract, it's the case this is not symmetric). I assume this is unintended and just like a mistake. You should think more carefully about what your code is doing when you are writing it.
Also you should be comparing Strings with equals, not ==.
Then there is this construct:
if(object == null || object.getClass() != this.getClass()){
return false;
}
return false;
This is pointless because first what it implies logically is this, returning false either way:
if(object == null || object.getClass() != this.getClass()){
return false;
} else {
return false;
}
And, second, combined with the earlier check it is not particularly logical:
if(this.state == object)
return true;
if(object.getClass() != this.getClass())
return false;
This is returning true if object is == to a String but returning false if object's class is not State. These are mutually exclusive.
So the equals implementation you wrote doesn't work. The correct equals to match your hashCode is like this:
#Override
public boolean equals(Object object){
if(object == null || object.getClass() != this.getClass()){
return false;
}
State other = (State)object;
return this.state.equals(other.state);
}
First check that the object is not null and that its class is State (you had that part right), then check that the state member is equal to the other object's state member.

Related

How to correctly implement equals(), hashCode() if the values are within a range of each other?

The criteria is that equals() method where the objects are considered equal if the value of the double variable is within +/- 10 of the other object's value of the double variable.
I'm not sure how to correctly implement hashCode() so that the hashCode would be equal if it satisfies the conditions of the equals() method.
I would really appreciate your input! Thanks!
public class Test
{
private double value;
private boolean isEqualValues (final double valueOne, final double valueTwo)
{
if(valueOne == valueTwo)
{
return true;
}
else if((valueOne - valueTwo <= 10) &&
(valueOne - valueTwo >= -10))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
#Override
public boolean equals(final Object o)
{
if (this == o)
{
return true;
}
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass())
{
return false;
}
Test test = (Test) o;
if(isEqualValues(test.value, value))
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
//How to implement hashCode()
#Override
public int hashCode()
{
//unsure how to correctly implement hashCode() so that the hashCode would be equal if it
//satisfies the conditions of the equals() method above
}
}
There's no way to consistently implement this, since equals() demands transitivity:
It is transitive: for any non-null reference values x, y, and z, if x.equals(y) returns true and y.equals(z) returns true, then x.equals(z) should return true.
new Test(1), new Test(9) and new Test(14) would fail that test (assuming a trivial one-argument constructor that assigns its argument to value).
One way to work around that is to not check for the absolute distance, but "categorize" your objects using some formula, for example take the floor of value / 10 and compare that.
This way some "close" values like new Test(9) and new Test(11) would compare as not-equal, but other than that you'd get a similar result to what you described.
private long getEquivalenceGroup() {
return Math.floorDiv((long) value, 10);
}
#Override
public boolean equals(final Object o) {
if (this == o) {
return true;
}
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
return false;
}
Test test = (Test) o;
return test.getEquivalenceGroup() == this.getEquivalenceGroup();
}
#Override
public int hashCode()
{
return Long.hashCode(getEquivalenceGroup());
}
As long as getEquivalenceGroup() is implemented in a stable manner this will produce "groups" of slightly different objects that still compare as equal and has a valid hashCode() implementation.
Note: if you want a comparison as described in the question but you don't necessarily need it to be returned by equals() then adding a boolean isClose(Test other) is perfectly fine. The only problem is you are trying to implement the equals method specifically with that semantic.
You can't and you shouldn't.
You should implement a comparator and do such operations using that.

The java right implemantion of equals?

i try to find out what is the right way to implement java equals.
reading on the net I saw that there are many Thoughts on the subject I narrow down to 2 options
1 using instance of and on using getClass() != obj.getClass()
to follow the rules of :
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html#equals(java.lang.Object)
this is my final result :
public class Foo {
private List<Long> days;
private String project;
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
//avoid symmetry problem
if (obj == null || getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
Foo test = (Foo)obj;
return equals(this.project,test.project) && equals(this.days,test.days);
}
public static boolean equals(Object a,Object b) {
return a == b || a != null && b!=null && a.equals(b);
}
}
what do you say ?
Your code looks good in general. getClass() != obj.getClass() is sufficient enough. It will only fail for positive scenario if someone goes crazy with tricky custom code to load same class with different classloaders.
I would also replace your custom equals on fields with standard Objects.equals at the end:
return Objects.equals(days, foo.days) &&
Objects.equals(project, foo.project);
It's always good to override hashcode when you override equals too.
You may want to custom the equals on the list if the order matter.
#Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
Foo foo = (Foo) o;
return Objects.equals(days, foo.days) && Objects.equals(project, foo.project);
}
#Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(days, project);
}
You would rewrite your code with the following consideration, we use equals() to compare objects otherwise, = sign used to compare data types

Question on overriding equals & calling equals recursively

So I overwrote an equals function that works with Nodes that contain objects. and it looks like this.
#Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj) return true;
if (obj == null) return false;
// Checks if obj is from the same class as this Deque.
if (obj.getClass() != this.getClass()) return false;
#SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
// If obj is from the same class, casts object to DoublyLinkedDeque.
DoublyLinkedDeque<T> object = (DoublyLinkedDeque<T>) obj;
Node other = object.front;
Node self = this.front;
// Checks the info of every Node in this Deque with the other.
while (self != null && other != null) { // Checks
if (!(self.info.equals(other.info))) return false;
self = self.next;
other = other.next;
}
// Otherwise, checks if the front of both Deques is null.
return (self == null && other == null);
}
And it works but I'm not sure how the second invocation of equals work. Specifically how does my code check if the info field (that contains objects) of two nodes are equal without calling super.equals? Nothing in my function has the capability to check if two objects are equal as far as I know, can someone explain this?

ArrayLIst<PojoClass> list.contain() is not working and return false?

This question ask many times in stackoverflow and i tried all masters answers.
But list.contain() return always false.
and also overide equal() method.
Here is my pojo class
public class RecentStickerPojo
{
File stickerName;
File folderName;
#Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
RecentStickerPojo other = (RecentStickerPojo) obj;
if (folderName != other.folderName&&stickerName!=other.stickerName)
return false;
return true;
}
}
in activity class
RecentStickerPojo recentStickerPojo=new RecentStickerPojo();
recentStickerPojo.setStickerName(s1);
recentStickerPojo.setFolderName(f1);
list.contains(recentStickerPojo) // return false
Don't forget to implement hashcode.
For strings, use equals (or !equals) and not == (or !=)
Also the equals' last 3 lines can be changed to:
return (folderName.equals(other.folderName) && stickerName.equals( other.stickerName);
No need to override hashcode, as List contains method will use equals method for comparing object. It seems you are comparing File objects directly which can be different. Yes, try by changing last comparison,
if (folderName.equals(other.folderName) && stickerName.equals(other.stickerName))

Java Newbie learning about polymorphism

This equals() method will produce the same output if lines 3-5 are omitted (I numbered these lines). What is the point of these lines?
/** Return true if that Beetle has the same parts as this one. */
public boolean equals(Object that) {
3. if (this == that) {
4. return true;
5. }
if (that == null) {
return false;
}
if (getClass() != that.getClass()) {
return false;
}
Beetle thatBeetle = (Beetle) that;
return body == thatBeetle.body
&& eyes == thatBeetle.eyes
&& feelers == thatBeetle.feelers
&& head == thatBeetle.head
&& legs == thatBeetle.legs
&& tail == thatBeetle.tail;
}
Checking == reference equality is fast, and if true the object is being compared to itself -- so is by definition equal.
This is often used a first step when comparing objects, as it's much faster than comparing all the details. But it's more commonly used from the caller/client function, rather than inside the equals() implementation.
For example, in a linear search:
public int indexOfBeetle (Beetle beetle, List<Beetle> list) {
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
Beetle cand = list.get( i);
if (cand == beetle || cand.equals( beetle))
return i; // Found.
}
// Not Found.
return -1;
}
The operator == checks if the objects are the same instance in memory whereas when you override equals you usually want to perform a logical test.
Let's take an example:
public class Person {
private String name;
// Here there are constructor and getters and setters
}
Now let's run these lines:
Person a = new Person();
Person b = a;
Person c = new Person();
If you compare these instances with == this is what you'll get:
a == a ==> true
a == b ==> true
a == c ==> false
Now, let's set the name:
a.setName("Joe"); // This also sets b because they're the same object
c.setName("Joe");
If our equals looks like this:
public boolean equals (Object other) {
if(other == this) return true;
if(other instanceof Person == false) return false;
if(this.getName().equals(((Person) other).getName())) return true;
}
So we'll now get that a.equals(c) is true even though a==c is false.
So, why do we have the first line? - Some objects' equality is more expensive to compute and by checking this condition at the beginning you might spare some unnecessary computations
Doing that are you checking if the two objects are pointing to the same memory address. Using .equals without it you will achieve the same result because if they are pointing to the same memory address, it's obviously they are equals. But doing that it's much more faster, that's why most developers put this lines on .equals

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