Printing ragged array column by column - java

Given an array of integers with rows of different lengths, is it possible to print the whole two-dimensional array but doing so column by column? I understand how to do it row by row but I am struggling with this.
int[][] a = new int[5][];
a[0] = new int[4];
a[1] = new int[2];
a[2] = new int[5];
a[3] = new int[3];
a[4] = new int[1];
int longestRowLength = a[0].length;
for(i = 1; i < a.length; i++)
{
if(a[i].length > longestRowLength)
longestRowLength = a[i].length;
}
for(i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
{
for(j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++)
{
a[i][j] = rand.nextInt(10);
System.out.print(a[i][j]);
}
System.out.println();
}
for(j = 0; j < longestRowLength; j++)
{
for(i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
{
if(a[i].length < longestRowLength)
continue;
System.out.print(a[i][j]);
}
}
}
I have done this but the issue is with how to recognize we are going out of bounds with one of the arrays. My if(a[i].length < longestRowLength doesn't work as it will not even print any numbers if its length is not the longest ones. How can I achieve this?
EDIT:
Ok I have changed that line to:
if(longestRowLength - a[i].length > 0 && (j+1) > a[i].length)
continue;
System.out.print(a[i][j]);
Now it works but it prints the columns as rows. Is there anyway to make it print column by column but to make it print just like it would with rows? (P.S. yeah the first condition of the if statement is unecessary).

Replace your last loop with:
for(j = 0; j < longestRowLength; j++)
{
for(i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
{
if(a[i].length <= j)
continue;
System.out.print(a[i][j]);
}
System.out.println();
}
Prints the columns one by one.
Instead of:
if(a[i].length <= j)
continue;
you can do:
if(a[i].length <= j) {
System.out.print(' ');
continue;
}
to leave a space for arrays which are too short. This way you print the transposed “jagged” matrix.

Related

How to understand Loops and Array in java

I am quite confused in array loops that do have nested ones to print the Two Dimensional array. /it contains a loop without curly braces and second one has just opposite way of representing the braces for loops ...
Since i am learning I have just typed the code and got output.
public class TwoDimensional {
private int i, j, k = 0;
int[][] twod = new int[4][5];
public void DoubleT() {
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
twod[i][j] = k;
k++;
}
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 5; j++)
System.out.print(twod[i][j] + " ");
System.out.println();
}
}
}
The result it generates is
0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19
Try this :
public class TwoDimensional {
private int i, j, k = 0;
int[][] twod = new int[4][5];
public void DoubleT() {
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
twod[i][j] = k;
k++;
}
}
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 5; j++){
System.out.print(twod[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
To properly use the braces always think about the purpose of the loops you have, when do you want them to finish and when do you want them to continue.
In your case, you'll need nested loops for different tasks so you have to properly delimit each one of those tasks.
Fill the the 2D array:
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
twod[i][j] = k;
k++;
}
}
Print the 2D array values:
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 5; j++){
System.out.print(twod[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
Notice that, either for filling or printing the array, your first loop (iterator i) is responsible for the line. It'll stop at I = 3, line number 3. So you'll be in line 0 until you finish the values of all the columns on that line ( [0][0],[0][1],[0][2],[0][4] ) and you just want to go to the second line when your first line is totally filled or printed, and so on. On the print case, you'll need to change the line before the 'i' increments (new line number) and after you have all `'j' values.
To summarize, you'll just want to increment the line ('i') or go to the next line (println()), when your columns ('j') are finished.

Print sums of each column & sums of each row of Matrix in Java

I'm stuck on how to find the sums of each column & row of Matrix in Java. I don't know how to find the result of column and row separately. Thank you in advance.
public static void main(String[] args) {
double [][] a = new double [2][3];
a[0][0] = 1;
a[0][1] = 2;
a[0][2] = 3;
a[1][0] = 4;
a[1][1] = 5;
a[1][2] = 6;
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
String str = "";
for (int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) {
str += a[i][j] + "\t";
}
System.out.println(str);
}
// column sums
double[] b = new double[a[0].length];
// row sums
Use two nested loops:
for(int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
b[i] = 0;
for(int j = 0; j < a.length(); j++) {
b[i] += a[j][i];
}
}
You get the sum of a one-dimensional segment of a n-dimensional array, you will need to form a nested loop to iterate through n-dimensional array, with a loop for each dimension. At the deepest step of each iteration, once you are inside the inner-most nested loop, you can increment the total value by the value referenced at that particular point in iteration.
double[][] a = new double[2][3];
a[0][0] = 1;
a[0][1] = 2;
a[0][2] = 3;
a[1][0] = 4;
a[1][1] = 5;
a[1][2] = 6;
for (int row = 0; row < a.length; row++) {
for (int col = 0; col < a[row].length; col++) {
System.out.print(a[row][col] + "\t");
}
System.out.println("");
}
double[] rowTotals = new double[a.length];
double[] colTotals = new double[a[0].length];
for (int row = 0; row < a.length; row++) {
for (int col = 0; col < a[row].length; col++) {
rowTotals[row] += a[row][col];
colTotals[col] += a[row][col];
}
}
I notice in your question you wanted to find the row and column totals separately. If this is a must (I can't see why), you can simply duplicate the nested loop and dedicate one loop for column totals and one for row totals.
//Considering
// row1: 123
// row2: 456
List<Double> colsSum = new ArrayList<>(Collections.nCopies(a[0].length, 0.0));
List<Double> rowsSum = new ArrayList<>();
for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i++){
double row = 0;
for(int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++){
row += a[i][j];
colsSum.set(j, colsSum.get(j) == 0 ? a[i][j]
: colsSum.get(j) + a[i][j]);
}
rowsSum.add(row);
}

Filling a vertical matrix Java

I'm trying to fill a matrix vertically, but 1 row is missing. Can you help me ? There is the code. Maybe there is an easier way to fill a matrix verically, but i cant find it.
public static void main(String[]args){
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the value of matrix: ");
int n = input.nextInt();
int [][] matrix = new int [n][n];
for (int i = 1; i < matrix.length; i++) {
matrix[0][i] = matrix[0][i -1] + n;
}
for(int i = 1; i < matrix.length; i++){
for (int j = 0; j < matrix.length; j++){
matrix[i][j] = matrix[i -1][j] + 1;
System.out.print(matrix[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
input.close();
}
Output:
Enter the value of matrix: 4
1 5 9 13
2 6 10 14
3 7 11 15
Your row is missing because you never printed it in your first loop (the one that is initializing your first line) - you should have a row of 0 4 10 12 at the beginning. But you could do it much easier with only one nested loop.
Try
public static void main(String[]args){
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the value of matrix: ");
int n = input.nextInt();
int [][] matrix = new int [n][n];
matrix[0][0]=0; //you have forgotten the first value
for (int i = 1; i < matrix.length; i++) {
matrix[0][i] = matrix[0][i -1] + n;
//initializing the first line
}
for(int i = 1; i < matrix.length; i++){
for (int j = 0; j < matrix.length; j++){
matrix[i][j] = matrix[i -1][j] + 1;
}
// re-loop to display but this time start with i=0
for(int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++){
for (int j = 0; j < matrix.length; j++){
System.out.print(matrix[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
input.close();
}
To fill a matrix vertically, you must loop through columns in the outer loop and through rows in the inner(nested) loop. For example:
for(int j = 0; j < matrix.length; j++) {
for(int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
matrix[i][j] = /* The value you want to fill */;
.../* Other stuff you wanna do */
}
}
There is an easier way of doing this:
keep a variable like count and iterate the matrix on columns first then rows:
int count = 1; // or 0 if you start with 0
int[][] a = new int[n][n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
a[j][i] = count; // notice j first then i
count++;
}
After that you can easly print out the values:
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
System.out.println(a[i][j]);

Java 2D array assigning different values at different intervals

I apologize if I'm not clear. I'm new to programming. So lets say I have a char[10][10]. And there are two+ chars I want to assign at intervals for example i[0][0] to i[5][7] have Y and the rest have N. How would I do that if its possible? I've been trying to figure it out for 6+ hours.
One possible solution would be to have a 'for' block that goes through the rows and another 'for' block that goes through the columns. it could be something like
char[] arr= {'Y','N'};
int counter = 0; // <- these are optional depending on what you choose below
for(int j=0;j<10;j++){
for(int k=0;k<10;k++){
// i[j][k]= here you should assign the value
counter++;
}
}
The way to assign the value depends on what you want to do. If you want to have it to generate randomly you can do something like i[j][k]= arr[(int)(Math.random()*2)] or if you want to have it alternate between Y and N you could have a counter variable and assign i[j][k]= arr[counter%2] . If you want to assign the first half to 'Y' and the other half to 'N' i[j][k]= (counter<=50)?'Y':'N';. And the particular case you ask would be i[j][k]= (j<=5 && k<=7)?'Y':'N';It really depends much on what you want to do
This can be done with loops.
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < 7; j++){
i[i][j] = 'N';
}
for(int j = 7; j < 10; j++){
i[i][j] = 'Y';
}
}
for(int i = 5; i < 10; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++){
i[i][j] = 'Y';
}
}
char[][] theArray = new char[10][10]
upToX = 5; // limit for rows
upToY = 7; // limit for columns
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++ ){
for(int j = 0; j< 10; j++ ){
if((i+1)*(j+1) <= (upToX+1)*(upToY+1)){
theArray[i][j] = 'Y';
}
else{
theArray[i][j] = 'N';
}
}
}
Try using for-loops and if-else. Since you are looking for yes/no type values, I just used boolean type in my example
boolean[][] arr = new boolean[10][10];
for(int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < arr[i].length; j++) {
if(i < 6 && j < 8)
arr[i][j] = true;
else
arr[i][j] = false;
}
}

Big O notation O(NM) or (N^2)

I've been told the below code is = O(MN) however, I come up with O(N^2). Which is the correct answer and why?
My thought process:
nested for loops plus if statements --> (O(N^2)+O(1)) + (O(N^2)+O(1)) = O(N^2)
Thank you
public static void zeroOut(int[][] matrix) {
int[] row = new int[matrix.length];
int[] column = new int[matrix[0].length];
// Store the row and column index with value 0
for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < matrix[0].length;j++) {
if (matrix[i][j] == 0)
{
row[i] = 1;
column[j] = 1;
}
}
}
// Set arr[i][j] to 0 if either row i or column j has a 0
for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < matrix[0].length; j++)
{
if ((row[i] == 1 || column[j] == 1)){
matrix[i][j] = 0;
}
}
}
}
What does M and N refers to? My assumption is that it refers to "rows" and "columns" respectively. If it is so, then the equation is O(MN) because you loop through M number of N times.
O(N^2) will be correct IF rows and columns are equal.

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