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Layout Problem in Java - set a 20%opaque Panel on Bottom of JFrame

Well, actually I have a Layout problem in java Swing. I simply want to add a JPanel on the bottom of a Frame - a coding snipplet that might be done with every web based language in about 5 Minutes. Not so in Java. I tried to add a jPanel to a jFrame, that Contains a jContentPane, set the size of the jPanel to what I need and to repaint and revalidate the jFrame, as well as setting the LayOutManager to null.
Java shows me in this case a full-width jPanel, that fills my whole jFrame.
Therefore I tried another approach: I divided my jPanel in a fully transparent jPanel on top and a 20%opaque jPanel on the bottom. Still it didn't work out as expected.
Since then I tried to resize the child jPanels of my new Panel and the Panel as well and tried to repaint and revalidate the jFrame. Without any effect.
Despite of my efforts, java still shows me a full sized 20%opaque jPanel on the whole jFrame, that now contains another 20%opaque jPanel on Top.
I know that this whole problem is caused by the LayoutManager, Java useless per Default. However, it is not an option to set the LayoutManager to null or even change the LayoutManager of our jFrame, because that would lead us to refactor the whole functionality of our tiny app we worked on for several weeks.
public void showUndoPanel() {
System .out.println("Show Undo Panel");
JPanel myPanel = new JPanel(null);
JPanel glassPanel = new JPanel();
JPanel ContentPanel = new JPanel();
JLabel myJLabel = new JLabel("Great Job!");
myPanel.setBackground(new Color(255,122,122,100));
glassPanel.setSize(650, 550);
glassPanel.setBackground(new Color(255,122,122,100));
myPanel.add(glassPanel);
ContentPanel.setSize(650, 30);
ContentPanel.setBackground(new Color(255,122,122,20));
ContentPanel.add(myJLabel);
myPanel.revalidate();
myPanel.repaint();
undoPanel = myPanel;
myJFrame.add(undoPanel);
myJFrame.revalidate();
}
What I expected:
What it actually does:

Well, I solved the problem by using a BoxLayoutManager and a RigidArea. In case if anyone else may encounter that problem again in the future, I decided to provide the code for this simple solution.
public void showUndoPanel() {
System .out.println("Show Undo Panel");
JPanel myPanel = new JPanel(null);
JPanel glassPanel = new JPanel();
JPanel ContentPanel = new JPanel();
JLabel myJLabel = new JLabel("Great Job!");
myPanel.setBackground(new Color(255,255,255,0));
myPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(myPanel, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
glassPanel.setSize(650, 650);
glassPanel.setBounds(0,0,650,550);
glassPanel.setBackground(new Color(255,122,122,0));
myPanel.add(glassPanel);
myPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(0,450)));
ContentPanel.setSize(650, 30);
ContentPanel.setBounds(0,750,650,30);
ContentPanel.setBackground(new Color(255,122,122,20));
ContentPanel.add(myJLabel);
myPanel.add(ContentPanel);
myPanel.revalidate();
myPanel.repaint();
undoPanel = myPanel;
myJFrame.add(undoPanel);
myJFrame.revalidate();
}
Now it behaves as expected:

BorderLyout would make it easier to implement.
Note the comments in the following mre:
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
public class Main {
private static JFrame myJFrame;
public static void main(String[] args) {
myJFrame = new JFrame();
myJFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
myJFrame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
showUndoPanel();
myJFrame.pack();
myJFrame.setVisible(true);
}
public static void showUndoPanel() {
JPanel myPanel = new JPanel();
myPanel.setBackground(new Color(255,255,255,0));
myPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
JPanel glassPanel = new JPanel(); //uses FlowLayout by default
//glassPanel.setSize(650, 650); //use preferred size
glassPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(650, 650));
//glassPanel.setBounds(0,0,650,550); //no need to set bounds. bounds are set by the layout manager
glassPanel.setBackground(new Color(255,122,122,0));
myPanel.add(glassPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
JPanel contentPanel = new JPanel(); //uses FlowLayout by default
//contentPanel.setSize(650, 30);//use preferred size
contentPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(650, 30));
//contentPanel.setBounds(0,750,650,30); //no need to set bounds. bounds are set by the layout manager
contentPanel.setBackground(new Color(255,122,122,20));
JLabel myJLabel = new JLabel("Great Job!");
contentPanel.add(myJLabel);
myPanel.add(contentPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
myJFrame.add(myPanel);
}
}

How do I put a JPanel in center of a JFrame irrespective the size of JFrame (of course its size is greater than jpanel)? [duplicate]

I'm using the NetBeans GUI builder to handle my layout (I'm terrible with LayoutManagers) and am trying to place a simple JLabel so that it is always centered (horizontally) inside its parent JPanel. Ideally, this would maintain true even if the JPanel was resized, but if that's a crazy amount of coding than it is sufficient to just be centered when the JPanel is first created.
I'm bad enough trying to handle layouts myself, but since the NetBeans GUI Builder autogenerates immutable code, it's been impossible for me to figure out how to do this centering, and I haven't been able to find anything online to help me.
Thanks to anybody who can steer me in the right direction!

Here are four ways to center a component:
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;
class CenterComponent {
public static JLabel getLabel(String text) {
return getLabel(text, SwingConstants.LEFT);
}
public static JLabel getLabel(String text, int alignment) {
JLabel l = new JLabel(text, alignment);
l.setBorder(new LineBorder(Color.RED, 2));
return l;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
JPanel p = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,2,4,4));
p.setBackground(Color.black);
p.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(4,4,4,4));
JPanel border = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
border.add(getLabel(
"Border", SwingConstants.CENTER), BorderLayout.CENTER);
p.add(border);
JPanel gridbag = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
gridbag.add(getLabel("GridBag"));
p.add(gridbag);
JPanel grid = new JPanel(new GridLayout());
grid.add(getLabel("Grid", SwingConstants.CENTER));
p.add(grid);
// from #0verbose
JPanel box = new JPanel();
box.setLayout(new BoxLayout(box, BoxLayout.X_AXIS ));
box.add(Box.createHorizontalGlue());
box.add(getLabel("Box"));
box.add(Box.createHorizontalGlue());
p.add(box);
JFrame f = new JFrame("Streeeetch me..");
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
f.setContentPane(p);
f.pack();
f.setLocationByPlatform(true);
f.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
}

By using Borderlayout, you can put any of JComponents to the CENTER area. For an example, see an answer to Stack Overflow question Get rid of the gap between JPanels. This should work.

Even with BoxLayout you can achieve that:
JPanel listPane = new JPanel();
listPane.setLayout(new BoxLayout(listPane, BoxLayout.X_AXIS ));
JLabel label = new JLabel();
listPane.add(Box.createHorizontalGlue());
listPane.add(label);
listPane.add(Box.createHorizontalGlue());
mKorbel's solution is perfect for your goal. Anyway I always like to suggest BoxLayout because it's very flexible.

Mara: "thanks for your response, however the NetBeans GUI Build uses GroupLayout and this is not overridable."
Not true! Right click anywhere inside JFrame (or any other GUI container) in NetBeans GUI builder and select "Set Layout". By default is selected "Free Design", which is Group layout, but you can select any other layout including Border layout as advised by mKorbel.

There's many ways to do this, depending on the layout manager(s) you use. I suggest you read the Laying Out Components Within a Container tutorial.
I believe the following will work, regardless of layout manager:
JLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER)

Two JPanels in one JFrame

I want to use two JPanels in one JFrame, with an invisible horizontal line between them. I played a little bit and got this:
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
JFrame jframe = new JFrame();
jframe.setSize(500,700);
jframe.setVisible(true);
jframe.setTitle("Title");
jframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
jframe.setResizable(false);
JSplitPane splitPane = new JSplitPane();
JPanel leftPanel = new JPanel();
JPanel rightPanel = new JPanel();
splitPane.setOrientation(JSplitPane.HORIZONTAL_SPLIT);
splitPane.setDividerLocation(250);
splitPane.setLeftComponent(leftPanel);
splitPane.setRightComponent(rightPanel);
jframe.add(splitPane);
}
}
Now, the first problem is how can I turn off the "resizability" of the Line between the panels? And how do I make it "invisible"? Maybe use something else than split pane?
Second of all, how do can I work with only one side of the JPanel?
(I am working on an application that lets you draw a circle on the left hand side).
This seems like an easy question but I am relatively new to Java.

As said before in a comment by #MadProgrammer you can use BorderLayout or GridBagLayout but as you're placing the "split" line right in the middle of both panels you could use GridLayout which will make both panels be of the same size no matter if the window is resized.
I didn't tried with GridBagLayout but I did an example on how you could achieve this pane separation without using a JSplitPane.
With GridLayout all you need to do is add the elements to the left pane (in my example I used a JLabel to differentiate them) while in BorderLayout you need to specify that the panel where you'll be painting the circle to be aligned to the left (WEST constant) as I did.
However if you use BorderLayout approach and add text or elements to the right pane, they will be aligned to the right, you can fix it by "boxing" the elements in another pane with a different Layout.
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
public class Application {
private JFrame frame;
private JPanel containerPane;
private JPanel topPane;
private JPanel bottomPane;
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
new Application().createAndShowGui();
}
});
}
public void createAndShowGui() {
frame = new JFrame("Example of 2 panels");
containerPane = new JPanel();
topPane = new JPanel();
bottomPane = new JPanel();
containerPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1));
topPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 2));
bottomPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
topPane.add(new JLabel("Left side"));
topPane.add(new JLabel("Right side"));
bottomPane.add(new JLabel("Left side"), BorderLayout.WEST);
bottomPane.add(new JLabel("Right side"), BorderLayout.EAST);
topPane.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.BLUE), "Using GridLayout"));
bottomPane.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.BLUE), "Using BorderLayout"));
containerPane.add(topPane);
containerPane.add(bottomPane);
frame.add(containerPane);
// frame.pack();
frame.setSize(500, 400);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
I didn't call pack() in this example because the size of both panels (or JLabels in this case was not tall enough to show the difference:
Using pack():
Calling setSize():
Additional tips
Don't forget to place your program on the Event Dispatch Thread (EDT), I did it by writing these lines on the main method:
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
new Application().createAndShowGui();
}
});
Don't place all your code on the constructor, otherwise it will be hard to maintain

It looks like you can use GridLayout to do this. Here is what i think,
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame jframe = new JFrame();
jframe.setTitle("Title");
jframe.setResizable(false);
//This creates one row and two equally divided columns
GridLayout gridLayout = new GridLayout(0, 2);
jframe.setLayout(gridLayout);
gridLayout.layoutContainer(jframe);
JPanel leftPanel = new JPanel();
leftPanel.add(new Label("Left side"));
jframe.add(leftPanel);
JPanel rightPanel = new JPanel();
rightPanel.add(new Label("Right side"));
jframe.add(rightPanel);
jframe.setSize(800, 500);
jframe.setVisible(true);
jframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
Here is how it looks:
The panels will not resize as well as there is no line visible that seprates them.

Layout - Relative to screensize

So I am a computer science student and I've finished my first year. I wanted to create a simple program and I realized that I am so tired of using no layout;
this.setLayout(null);
It is so tiresome to add bounds to every single component. Well, I have been using JPanel components and GridLayout a lot, which have made my work a bit easier. But I am tired of it.
I care very much about the look of the GUI I make and use almost half the time programming to make the GUI look good before I start adding the functionality of the code. By not using a layout and adding bounds I am forced to setResizable(false) because it looks bad if I change the size of the JFrame.
I've been searching a bit, and I know of BorderLayout, and FlowLayout, but I don't like them. Is there any Layout that keeps the relative size of the components with respect to the size of the window?
For example I want to make a simple program that looks like this: (Quick sketch in Photoshop)
I can easily make this with 3 panels, but as I said, if I change the size of the frame everything stays in place instead of being relative to the window-size.
Can you guys help me?

This design looks for me to fit the BorderLayout, where in the NORTH you have the values that changes the CENTER you have the main part, and the SOUTH you have the buttons.
Link to the Oracle Border Layout
You can apply this BorderLayout to the JFrame, then create 3 JPanels for each of the NORTH,CENTER and SOUTH sections. If you want to use responsive design for the components and panels, take a look at GridBagLayout which is much more flexible than the GridLayout

Layout management is a very complex problem, I don't think people really appreciate just how complex it really is.
No one layout is ever going to achieve everything your want, in most cases, you will need to resort to two or more layouts, especially as your requirements become more complex.
For example, the following is simply a BorderLayout at the base and the buttons on a JPanel using a FlowLayout
Which is achieved by using
JList listOfThings = new JList(...);
JTextField tf = new JTextField();
JButton add = new JButton("Add");
JButton delete = new JButton("Delete");
JButton go = new JButton("Go...");
JPanel buttons = new JPanel();
buttons.add(add);
buttons.add(delete);
buttons.add(go);
add(new BorderLayout());
add(tf, BorderLayout.NORTH);
add(new JScrollPane(listOfThings));
add(buttons, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
For more complex layouts, I would consider using something like GridBagLayout. You may also want to consider MigLayout as an alternative
Take a look at Laying Out Components Within a Container for more details about using layout managers

I'd like to use the combination of BorderLayout and BoxLayout. BorderLayout let me put the component based on their relative location's relation and BoxLayout let me manage the subtle distance ( create some white space). You can use component.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(top, left, bottom, right)); to achieve this goal too.
Here is a demo and hope it can help you.
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JList;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.event.ListSelectionEvent;
import javax.swing.event.ListSelectionListener;
public class LayoutTest{
private JTextField jTextField;
public void createUI(){
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Layout Test");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setResizable(true);
JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel();
mainPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
mainPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(mainPanel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
mainPanel.add(new TextFieldPanel());
mainPanel.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(8));
mainPanel.add(new ListPanel());
mainPanel.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(8));
mainPanel.add(new ButtonPanel());
frame.add(mainPanel,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
LayoutTest layoutTest = new LayoutTest();
layoutTest.createUI();
}
#SuppressWarnings("serial")
class TextFieldPanel extends JPanel{
public TextFieldPanel(){
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
jTextField = new JTextField();
jTextField.setEditable(false);
add(jTextField,BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
}
#SuppressWarnings("serial")
class ListPanel extends JPanel implements ListSelectionListener{
private JList<String> list;
public ListPanel(){
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
String stringArr[] = new String[30];
for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
stringArr[i] = "JList :This line is item" + i;
}
list = new JList<String>(stringArr);
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(list);
add(scrollPane,BorderLayout.CENTER);
setBackground(new Color(211,211,211));
list.addListSelectionListener(this);
}
#Override
public void valueChanged(ListSelectionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
jTextField.setText(list.getSelectedValue());
}
}
#SuppressWarnings("serial")
class ButtonPanel extends JPanel{
public ButtonPanel(){
JButton button1 = new JButton("Button1");
JButton button2 = new JButton("Button2");
JButton button3 = new JButton("Button3");
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(button1,BorderLayout.WEST);
add(button2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
add(button3,BorderLayout.EAST);
}
}
}
Here is the effect:
You can use BoxLayout for ButtonPanel if you don't want to let the button's size change.
#SuppressWarnings("serial")
class ButtonPanel extends JPanel{
public ButtonPanel(){
JButton button1 = new JButton("Button1");
JButton button2 = new JButton("Button2");
JButton button3 = new JButton("Button3");
setLayout(new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.X_AXIS));
add(button1);
add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(8));
add(button2);
add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(8));
add(button3);
}
}
And the effect is like this:
For more infomation about using BoxLayout to generate whitespace, you can refer to https://stackoverflow.com/a/22525005/3378204

Try GridBagLayout.
Your sketch is actually quite close to the one of the examples in the official tutorial.

HVLayout keeps the relative size of the components with respect to the size of the window, that is, if you configure components to have a relative size (e.g. buttons usually do not grow or shrink - they stick to their preferred size). This SO question was one of the motivations for me to push HVLayout to a release and a screenshot is included (showing big window size, smalll size and preferred "default" size):
Source code for the window is in RelativeToWindowSize.java
A number of helper-classes from HVLayout are used to build the window, so I don't think it will be of much use here, but to get an impression, the "build window" part shown below:
public RelativeToWindowSize build() {
CSize cs = new CSize();
CForm form = new CForm(new VBox(new Insets(2, 4, 2, 4)), cs);
addTitledBorder(form.get(), "Vertical box", Color.BLACK);
form.add(new JScrollPane(
tfield = new JTextArea("Value that changes with value choosen from list.\nhttp://stackoverflow.com/questions/24462297/layout-relative-to-screensize/")
)).csize().setAreaSize(1.0f, 2.5f).fixedMinHeight().setMaxHeight(4.0f);
// tfield shows mono-spaced font by default.
tfield.setFont(SwingUtils.getUIFont());
form.add(new JScrollPane(vlist = new JList<String>(getListValues())))
.csize().setAreaSize(1.0f, 5.0f);
form.addChild(new HBox());
addTitledBorder(form.get(), "Horizontal box", Color.RED);
form.addChild(new HBox(SwingConstants.CENTER));
addTitledBorder(form.get(), "Centered box.", Color.BLUE);
form.add(createButton(cs, "Add"));
form.add(createButton(cs, "Modify"));
form.up();
form.addChild(new HBox(SwingConstants.TRAILING));
addTitledBorder(form.get(), "Trailing box", Color.GREEN);
form.add(createButton(cs, "Delete"));
setContentPane(form.getRoot());
pack();
setLocationByPlatform(true);
//applyComponentOrientation(ComponentOrientation.RIGHT_TO_LEFT);
vlist.addListSelectionListener(this);
log.debug(getClass().getName() + " build.");
return this;
}
private Component createButton(CSize cs, String text) {
// For purpose of demo, let button shrink in width.
return cs.set(new TButton(text)).setFixed().shrinkWidth(0.33f).get();
}

Setting up JFrame with leftPanel, topPanel and bottomPanel

First time posting here, and let me first say that I'm a bit of a Java noob, I've only started learning it in uni this year.
So anyway, I have to create a UI for a Tamagotchi project, and I'm trying to create it using JFrame etc.
This is what I'm trying to create:
This is my code so far:
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class DogUI {
private JFrame DogUI;
private JPanel leftPanel, topPanel, bottomPanel, rightPanels;
private JButton jb;
private JLabel lb, lb1, lb2;
public DogUI() {
GUI();
}
public void GUI() {
DogUI = new JFrame("Dog UI");
DogUI.setSize(800, 600);
DogUI.setResizable(false);
leftPanel = new JPanel();
leftPanel.setBackground(Color.green);
leftPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(leftPanel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
topPanel = new JPanel();
topPanel.setBackground(Color.white);
bottomPanel = new JPanel();
bottomPanel.setBackground(Color.red);
rightPanels = new JPanel();
rightPanels.setLayout(new BoxLayout(rightPanels, BoxLayout.X_AXIS));
DogUI.setVisible(true);
lb = new JLabel("Name: ");
leftPanel.add(lb);
lb1 = new JLabel("Image");
topPanel.add(lb1);
lb2 = new JLabel("Buttons");
bottomPanel.add(lb2);
rightPanels.add(topPanel);
rightPanels.add(bottomPanel);
DogUI.add(rightPanels);
}
public static void main(String [] args) {
new DogUI();
}
}
This is what I end up with:
I'm sure it's something simple, or perhaps I am going the complete wrong way about doing it, but please try explain it in layman's terms if possible.
Thanks.
Chris.

You are only adding the rightPanels to the frame, you never add leftPanel
The rightPanel is using X_AXIS which is horizontal. You want Y_AXIS
When you do add the leftPanel, you're going to want to set your frame's layout to GridLayout(1, 2). See GridLayout
setVisible after adding all your components.
Follow Java namingConvention. variables begin with lower case, using camel casing. DogUI → dogUI
Swing apps should be run from the Event Dispatch Thread (EDT). You can do this by wrapping the code in the main in a SwingUtilities.invokeLater(...). See more at Initial Threads

Try using a GridLayout instead.
public void GUI() {
DogUI = new JFrame("Dog UI");
DogUI.setSize(800, 600);
DogUI.setResizable(false);
DogUI.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,2));//1row 2col
leftPanel = new JPanel();
leftPanel.setBackground(Color.green);
topPanel = new JPanel();
topPanel.setBackground(Color.white);
bottomPanel = new JPanel();
bottomPanel.setBackground(Color.red);
rightPanels = new JPanel();
rightPanels.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));//2row 1col
lb = new JLabel("Name: ");
leftPanel.add(lb);
lb1 = new JLabel("Image");
topPanel.add(lb1);
lb2 = new JLabel("Buttons");
bottomPanel.add(lb2);
rightPanels.add(topPanel);
rightPanels.add(bottomPanel);
DogUI.add(leftPanel);
DogUI.add(rightPanels);
DogUI.setVisible(true);
}

It sounds like you want a parent JPanel with a BorderLayout. That parent JPanel contains two other panels, on the east and west side of it. The west side can contain your progress panel, and the east side contains another JPanel, which has a GridLayout of 1 column and 2 rows, or alternatively, a BorderLayout. From there you can add the other two JPanels to that last JPanel which represent whatever that right hand side of the picture shows.
The overall parent JPanel could also be a GridLayout with 2 columns and 1 row, but a BorderLayout might look better as you might find one side of the application might not need as much space and might limit how much space it takes up. Perhaps the east panel should be a BorderLayout too as your image might not take up that much space on the north side giving the components on the south side the rest of the container's available space.