Casting int to Object on java - java

I have a question: I work in environment of Eclipse.
Sometimes the computer does not give to the following casting:
int a ...
Object ans = (int) a;
But only this conversion:
int a ...
Object ans = (Integer) a;
I understand why you can do the casting between Object to Integer, but why primitive variable - there are times when you can, and there are times you can not do a casting?
Thank you
I am attaching the code which the compiler not let me make casting between int variable to object:
/** #return minimum element */
public Object minimum(){
return minimum(this.root);
}
public Object minimum(BSTNode node){
if (node.left != null) return minimum(node.left);
return node.data;
}
/** #return maximum element */
public Object maximum(){
return maximum(this.root);
}
public Object maximum(BSTNode node){
if (node.right != null) return maximum(node.right);
return node.data;
}
public Object findNearestSmall(Object elem) {
int diff;
diff = (int)maximum() - (int)minimum();
if (compare(minimum(), elem) == 0) return elem;
else return findNearestSmall(elem, this.root, diff);
}
public Object findNearestSmall(Object elem, BSTNode node, int mindiff){
if(node == null) return (int)elem - mindiff;
int diff = (int)elem - (int)node.data;
if(diff > 0 && mindiff > diff) mindiff = diff;
/* Case 2 : Look for in left subtree */
if(compare(node.data, elem)>-1)
return findNearestSmall(elem, node.left, mindiff);
else
/* Case 3 : Look for in right subtree */
return findNearestSmall(elem, node.right, mindiff);
}

Before Java 1.5, you couldn't even do this:
int a;
...
Object x = (Integer) a;
The compiler would complain that a is of a primitive data type, and therefore cannot be cast to an object.
Starting with Java 1.5, Java introduced the concept of automatic boxing. So, the following became OK:
int a;
...
Object x = (Integer) a;
Because the compiler knows how to convert from a primitive int to the boxed type Integer automatically; and from Integer to an Object it's, well, not a problem.
However, what you're trying to do:
int a;
...
Object x = (int) a;
Is basically telling the compiler to avoid boxing. You explicitly tell the compiler to leave a as an int, and put a reference to that int into an Object. The compiler isn't designed to deal with such a case.

You cannot cast from a referenced data-type to a primitive data-type i.e. you cannot:
Object x = (int)a;
You can however do:
Object x = (Integer)a;
because Integer is a class and int is a primitive data-type.
If I assume it correctly, the functionality you want to achieve is get the integer's value from Object x which can be done as:
Object x = (Integer)a;
//Do something and somewhere else
int z = ((Integer)x).intValue();
This may through a ClassCastException if it is not of Integer class.

You should look into the difference between int which is a primitive type, and Integer, which is a wrapper class in Java.

An Integer is also an Object and stays as an Object on the Heap.
An int is a primitive type. It is NOT an Object. An Object has its own state and behavioral properties, int doesn't have those. So you get a compilation error when trying to convert an Object to a primitive. On the other hand, Converting an int to Object is possible because of Autoboxing

But I am able to execute the following code. I am using jdk 1.6 and the following code is not throwing me any errors or runtime exceptions.
int i=5;
Object test = (int)i;
System.out.println(test.getClass());
Output: class java.lang.Integer

int is a primitive type.
Way of declaration: int a = 5;
Integer is a wrapper class (it extends Object).
Way of declaration: Integer a = new Integer(5);
When you write
Integer a = 5;
compiler automatically converts it to
Integer a = new Integer(5);
This feature is called Autoboxing (since Java 5.0)
int can not be casted to Object as it is not a referenced data type (object) at all.
But it can be casted to other primitive types.
On the other hand, Integer can be casted to Object.
When you write
Object ans = (Integer) a;
compiler does autoboxing and then casts it.
Object ans = (int) a;
gives a compiler error because the cast to int is successful, but it can not be assigned to an Object reference.
Hope this helps.
Good luck.

Related

Converting from Integer wrapper class to int primitive class

I've been trying to convert an Integer Wrapper class to int primitive class. I haven't yet found a proper way to make the code compile. I'm using Intellij IDEA, Java 11 Amazon Coretto, but I need to run it on a computer that runs java 8.
Here's the original code below:
static class Line<Integer> extends ArrayList<Integer> implements Comparable<Line<Integer>> {
#Override
public int compareTo(Line<Integer> other) {
int len = Math.min(this.size(), other.size());
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {;
if ((int) this.get(i) != (int) other.get(i)) {
if ((int this.get(i) < (int) this.get(i)) {
return -1;
} else if ((int) this.get(i) > (int)this.get(i)) {
return 1;
} else {}
}
}
...
note that the Line is inserted to an ArrayList.
Originally I used forced casting on all the Integer objects so it'll be like (int) this.get(i). It worked on my local terminal and my Intellij wasn't bothered about it, but unfortunately not the other computer. It couldn't compile there
I thought it was because of the forced casting, since the other computer returned
Main.java:159: error: incompatible types: Integer cannot be converted to int
if ((int) this.get(i) != (int) other.get(i)) {
^
where Integer is a type-variable:
Integer extends Object declared in class Line
so I deleted them all and thought I could let the machine unbox the Integer wrapper on its own. It still didn't compile.
If the code is left like what's written above (no forced casting), it will return "Operator '<' not applicable for 'Integer', 'Integer'"
So I used the .compareTo() method. Compile error.
Then I tried to assign them to an int variable. Intellij IDEA was screaming at me that it required int but found Integer instead. So I force-casted, like so
int thisLine = (int) this.get(i);
int otherLine = (int) other.get(i);
if (thisLine != otherLine) {
if (thisLine < otherLine) {
return -1;
} else if (thisLine > otherLine) {
return 1;
} else {}
Nope, didn't work. Removing the cast also didn't work.
I looked up the Javadocs (https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Integer.html#intValue--) this time about the Integer class and found a promising little method called intValue(). Problem is? Intellij cannot resolve that method (oddly, VSCode does not consider this an error). I used it like this
int thisLine = this.get(i).intValue();
int otherLine = other.get(i).intValue();
if (this.get(i) != other.get(i)) {
if (thisLine < otherLine) {
return -1;
} else if (thisLine > otherLine) {
return 1;
and sure enough, another compile error on that stubborn computer.
I'm running out of options. I'm seriously considering creating a new custom class just so I can store int values in an ArrayList without having to deal with all this Java backwards incompatibility nonsense.
Anyone here know a consistent method for converting an Integer wrapper object to an int primitive object in Java?
This is the clue in the error message that explains it:
where Integer is a type-variable:
Integer extends Object declared in class Line
Integer is not java.lang.Integer but a type variable with a confusing name...
You declared the type variable here:
static class Line<Integer> extends ArrayList<Integer> implements Comparable<Line<Integer>>
It's as if you declared it like this:
static class Line<T> extends ArrayList<T> implements Comparable<Line<T>>
but by naming the type variable Integer instead of T, and then you try to cast objects of the type T to int later on.
Fix it by not declaring a type parameter named Integer, you don't need that here:
static class Line extends ArrayList<Integer> implements Comparable<Line<Integer>>
You shouldn't have to cast an Integer to an int at all. Integer class has .compareTo methods which compare two integers.
A 0 means value1 is equal to value2. -1 is value1 is less than value2 and a 1 is value1 is greater than value2.
Try the following:
public int compareTo(Line<Integer> other) {
//get the smallest length
int len = this.size() <= other.size() ? this.size() : other.size();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
int compare = this.get(i).compareTo(other.get(i));
if (compare != 0) { //if compare is not zero they are not the same value
return compare;
}
}
//If we get here, everything in both lists are the same up to "len"
return 0;
}
The compareTo() method is a method of Integer class under java. lang
package. ... It returns the result of the value 0 if Integer is equal
to the argument Integer, a value less than 0 if Integer is less than
the argument Integer and a value greater than 0 if Integer is greater
than the argument Integer.
In you class "Integer" is not a java.lang.Integer but a Generic class that is the reason

Casting a primitive vs Creating a object of the primitive

I'm not habitual to casting a primitive data type to an object. Saw some code like:
public static int CompareAges(Person p1, Person p2) {
Integer age1 = p1.getAge();
return age1.compareTo(p2.getAge());
}
The instantiation of age1 seemed extraneous, so I tried to write the code as:
public static int CompareAges(Person p1, Person p2) {
return p1.getAge().compareTo(p2.getAge());
}
But that raised a compiler error because p1.getAge() is a primitive data type int and not an Integer, which is an object.
Intuitively, I did:
public static int CompareAges(Person p1, Person p2) {
return ((Integer) p1.getAge()).compareTo(p2.getAge());
}
and it worked!
The question: What did I miss? Since when did we start casting primitives as value types?
It's what happens internally:
1. Integer age1 = p1.getAge();
Integer != int
Integer = Integer.valueOf(int)
Integer age1 = Integer.valueOf(p1.getAge());
2. p1.getAge().compareTo(p2.getAge());
int.compareTo(int)
^^^
// it's just a primitive type, as a result - the compile error
3. ((Integer) p1.getAge()).compareTo(p2.getAge())
Integer.compareTo(int)
Integer.compareTo(Integer.valueOf(int))
((Integer) p1.getAge()).compareTo(Integer.valueOf(p2.getAge()))
4. (Integer) p1.getAge() ---> Integer.valueOf(p1.getAge())
// why so? look at callOfCode's answer
But, in my opinion, ((Integer) p1.getAge()).compareTo(p2.getAge()) looks ugly.
I would replace it to
p1.getAge() > p2.getAge() ? 1 : (p1.getAge() < p2.getAge() ? -1 : 0)
or to
Integer.compare(p1.getAge(), p2.getAge()) // java 7+
I wouldn't like to do casting in this case.
More about "autoboxing/unboxing" you may find here.
Each primitive has its own boxing type
The Boxing could be implicit (Autoboxing) or explicit like you did it in your code.
p2.getAge() is an Example of AutoBoxing or Implicit Boxing. The method compareTo takes an Object. As it is a primitive, Java converts it automatically to the correspondent Boxing Object (Integer). You did the explicit Boxing with the cast (Integer) p1.getAge()
Difference between new Integer(primitive); and Integer integer = (Integer)primitive; Is only on bytecode level. In the first case, new object of Integer class is created in memory. In the second case, Integer.valueOf(primitive) is called internally. This is the static method that checks if primitive falls into range of -128 to 127 and if it falls, it returns value from integer cache and no new object is being created. If it not falls into that range, new Integer object is instantiated. It is used for efficiency. But such efficiency is unsignificant novadays.
int z = 1;
Integer a = (Integer)z;
Integer b = (Integer)z;
//Prints true, since Integer object is retrieved from cache (range of -128 to 127)
System.out.println(a == b);
int w = 999;
Integer c = (Integer)w;
Integer d = (Integer)w;
//Prints false, since 999 is not in cache, new Integer objects are instantiated and they points to different places in memory
System.out.println(c == d);

java error:inconvertible types required int

what is wrong with this code??
int amount= (int) amountSpnr.getValue(); // 1
float total = (float) productData[3]*amount; // 2
total2pay+=total;
totalFld.setText(total2pay+"");
model.addRow(new Object[]{productData[0], productData[1],productData[2],productData[3], amount, total});`
says :
inconvertible types
(for the 1st line)- required int found Object
(for the 2nd line)- required float found Object
What can i do?
You cannot cast Objects in Java to primitive (except for their respective wrapper classes).
Try using this:
Object obj1 = amountSpnr.getValue();
Object obj2 = productData[3];
if (obj1 instanceof Integer) {
int amount = (Integer) obj1; // 1
}
if (obj2 instanceof Float) {
float total = (Float) obj2; // 2
total *= amount;
}
In the above case, Object will be down-casted to Integer type, which will then be unboxed to primitive integer. Same is the case with Float.
Note: Be sure to add instanceof check before you perform downcasting just to make sure that you do not end up getting CastCastException.
If you need to tranform your Object into a int primitive you have to follow 2 steps :
First make sure your object has the good type.
Cast it with (Integer) or (Float). You can use instanceof if you're not sure of the type returned by getValue (case 1) or by you array (case 2)
Then use .intValue() or .floatValue().
Example :
int amount=((Integer)amountSpnr.getValue()).intValue();
float total = ((Float) productData[3]*amount).floatValue();

How to cast an Object to an int

How can I cast an Object to an int in java?
If you're sure that this object is an Integer :
int i = (Integer) object;
Or, starting from Java 7, you can equivalently write:
int i = (int) object;
Beware, it can throw a ClassCastException if your object isn't an Integer and a NullPointerException if your object is null.
This way you assume that your Object is an Integer (the wrapped int) and you unbox it into an int.
int is a primitive so it can't be stored as an Object, the only way is to have an int considered/boxed as an Integer then stored as an Object.
If your object is a String, then you can use the Integer.valueOf() method to convert it into a simple int :
int i = Integer.valueOf((String) object);
It can throw a NumberFormatException if your object isn't really a String with an integer as content.
Resources :
Oracle.com - Autoboxing
Oracle.com - Primitive Data types
On the same topic :
Java: What's the difference between autoboxing and casting?
Autoboxing: So I can write: Integer i = 0; instead of: Integer i = new Integer(0);
Convert Object into primitive int
Scenario 1: simple case
If it's guaranteed that your object is an Integer, this is the simple way:
int x = (Integer)yourObject;
Scenario 2: any numerical object
In Java Integer, Long, BigInteger etc. all implement the Number interface which has a method named intValue. Any other custom types with a numerical aspect should also implement Number (for example: Age implements Number). So you can:
int x = ((Number)yourObject).intValue();
Scenario 3: parse numerical text
When you accept user input from command line (or text field etc.) you get it as a String. In this case you can use Integer.parseInt(String string):
String input = someBuffer.readLine();
int x = Integer.parseInt(input);
If you get input as Object, you can use (String)input, or, if it can have an other textual type, input.toString():
int x = Integer.parseInt(input.toString());
Scenario 4: identity hash
In Java there are no pointers. However Object has a pointer-like default implementation for hashCode(), which is directly available via System.identityHashCode(Object o). So you can:
int x = System.identityHashCode(yourObject);
Note that this is not a real pointer value. Objects' memory address can be changed by the JVM while their identity hashes are keeping. Also, two living objects can have the same identity hash.
You can also use object.hashCode(), but it can be type specific.
Scenario 5: unique index
In same cases you need a unique index for each object, like to auto incremented ID values in a database table (and unlike to identity hash which is not unique). A simple sample implementation for this:
class ObjectIndexer {
private int index = 0;
private Map<Object, Integer> map = new WeakHashMap<>();
// or:
// new WeakIdentityHashMap<>();
public int indexFor(Object object) {
if (map.containsKey(object)) {
return map.get(object);
} else {
index++;
map.put(object, index);
return index;
}
}
}
Usage:
ObjectIndexer indexer = new ObjectIndexer();
int x = indexer.indexFor(yourObject); // 1
int y = indexer.indexFor(new Object()); // 2
int z = indexer.indexFor(yourObject); // 1
Scenario 6: enum member
In Java enum members aren't integers but full featured objects (unlike C/C++, for example). Probably there is never a need to convert an enum object to int, however Java automatically associates an index number to each enum member. This index can be accessed via Enum.ordinal(), for example:
enum Foo { BAR, BAZ, QUX }
// ...
Object baz = Foo.BAZ;
int index = ((Enum)baz).ordinal(); // 1
Assuming the object is an Integer object, then you can do this:
int i = ((Integer) obj).intValue();
If the object isn't an Integer object, then you have to detect the type and convert it based on its type.
#Deprecated
public static int toInt(Object obj)
{
if (obj instanceof String)
{
return Integer.parseInt((String) obj);
} else if (obj instanceof Number)
{
return ((Number) obj).intValue();
} else
{
String toString = obj.toString();
if (toString.matches("-?\d+"))
{
return Integer.parseInt(toString);
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("This Object doesn't represent an int");
}
}
As you can see, this isn't a very efficient way of doing it. You simply have to be sure of what kind of object you have. Then convert it to an int the right way.
You have to cast it to an Integer (int's wrapper class). You can then use Integer's intValue() method to obtain the inner int.
Answer:
int i = ( Integer ) yourObject;
If, your object is an integer already, it will run smoothly. ie:
Object yourObject = 1;
// cast here
or
Object yourObject = new Integer(1);
// cast here
etc.
If your object is anything else, you would need to convert it ( if possible ) to an int first:
String s = "1";
Object yourObject = Integer.parseInt(s);
// cast here
Or
String s = "1";
Object yourObject = Integer.valueOf( s );
// cast here
I use a one-liner when processing data from GSON:
int i = object != null ? Double.valueOf(object.toString()).intValue() : 0;
If the Object was originally been instantiated as an Integer, then you can downcast it to an int using the cast operator (Subtype).
Object object = new Integer(10);
int i = (Integer) object;
Note that this only works when you're using at least Java 1.5 with autoboxing feature, otherwise you have to declare i as Integer instead and then call intValue() on it.
But if it initially wasn't created as an Integer at all, then you can't downcast like that. It would result in a ClassCastException with the original classname in the message. If the object's toString() representation as obtained by String#valueOf() denotes a syntactically valid integer number (e.g. digits only, if necessary with a minus sign in front), then you can use Integer#valueOf() or new Integer() for this.
Object object = "10";
int i = Integer.valueOf(String.valueOf(object));
See also:
Inheritance and casting tutorial
int i = (Integer) object; //Type is Integer.
int i = Integer.parseInt((String)object); //Type is String.
Can't be done. An int is not an object, it's a primitive type. You can cast it to Integer, then get the int.
Integer i = (Integer) o; // throws ClassCastException if o.getClass() != Integer.class
int num = i; //Java 1.5 or higher
You can't. An int is not an Object.
Integer is an Object though, but I doubt that's what you mean.
If you mean cast a String to int, use Integer.valueOf("123").
You can't cast most other Objects to int though, because they wont have an int value. E.g. an XmlDocument has no int value.
I guess you're wondering why C or C++ lets you manipulate an object pointer like a number, but you can't manipulate an object reference in Java the same way.
Object references in Java aren't like pointers in C or C++... Pointers basically are integers and you can manipulate them like any other int. References are intentionally a more concrete abstraction and cannot be manipulated the way pointers can.
int[] getAdminIDList(String tableName, String attributeName, int value) throws SQLException {
ArrayList list = null;
Statement statement = conn.createStatement();
ResultSet result = statement.executeQuery("SELECT admin_id FROM " + tableName + " WHERE " + attributeName + "='" + value + "'");
while (result.next()) {
list.add(result.getInt(1));
}
statement.close();
int id[] = new int[list.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < id.length; i++) {
try {
id[i] = ((Integer) list.get(i)).intValue();
} catch(NullPointerException ne) {
} catch(ClassCastException ch) {}
}
return id;
}
// enter code here
This code shows why ArrayList is important and why we use it. Simply casting int from Object. May be its helpful.
For Example Object variable; hastaId
Object hastaId = session.getAttribute("hastaID");
For Example Cast an Object to an int,hastaID
int hastaID=Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(hastaId));
Refer This code:
public class sample
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Object obj=new Object();
int a=10,b=0;
obj=a;
b=(int)obj;
System.out.println("Object="+obj+"\nB="+b);
}
}
so divide1=me.getValue()/2;
int divide1 = (Integer) me.getValue()/2;
We could cast an object to Integer in Java using below code.
int value = Integer.parseInt(object.toString());
If you want to convert string-object into integer...
you can simply pass as:
int id = Integer.valueOf((String) object_name);
Hope this will be helpful :-)
Integer x = 11
int y = x.intValue();
System.out.println("int value"+ y);
Finally, the best implementation for your specification was found.
public int tellMyNumber(Object any) {
return 42;
}
first check with instanceof keyword . if true then cast it.

Passing by reference in Java?

In C++, if you need to have 2 objects modified, you can pass by reference. How do you accomplish this in java? Assume the 2 objects are primitive types such as int.
You can't. Java doesn't support passing references to variables. Everything is passed by value.
Of course, when a reference to an object is passed by value, it'll point to the same object, but this is not calling by reference.
Wrap them in an object and then pass that object as a parameter to the method.
For example, the following C++ code:
bool divmod(double a, double b, double & dividend, double & remainder) {
if(b == 0) return false;
dividend = a / b;
remainder = a % b;
return true;
}
can be rewritten in Java as:
class DivRem {
double dividend;
double remainder;
}
boolean divmod(double a, double b, DivRem c) {
if(b == 0) return false;
c.dividend = a / b;
c.remainder = a % b;
return true;
}
Although more idiomatic style in Java would be to create and return this object from the method instead of accepting it as a parameter:
class DivRem {
double dividend;
double remainder;
}
DivRem divmod(double a, double b) {
if(b == 0) throw new ArithmeticException("Divide by zero");
DivRem c = new DivRem();
c.dividend = a / b;
c.remainder = a % b;
return c;
}
Java does not have pass by reference, but you can still mutate objects from those references (which themselves are passed by value).
java.util.Arrays.fill(int[] arr, int val) -- fills an int array with a given int value
java.util.Collections.swap(List<?> list, int i, int j) -- swaps two elements of a list
StringBuilder.ensureCapacity(int min) -- self-explanatory
As you can see, you can still modify objects (if they're not immutable); you just can't modify references or primitives by passing them to a function.
Of course, you can make them fields of an object and pass those objects around and set them to whatever you wish. But that is still not pass by reference.
Using generics you can create a pointer class which would make this at least somewhat less painful. You pass in the object, change it's value property and when the function exits your object will contain the new value.
MyPointerClass<int> PointerClass = new MyPointerClass<int>(5);
myFunction(PointerClass);
System.out.println(PointerClass.Value.toString());
// ...
void myFunction(myPointerClass<int> SomeValue)
{
SomeValue.Value = 10;
}

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