At the end of my loop, I am planning on displaying the number of consonants and vowels in the sentence. I was wondering if there was a more efficient way to check how many consonants and vowels are in a given sentence, rather than using an if statement and manually inputting every letter. (key refers to my Scanner which has already been initialized)
Edit: It needs to ignore digits and other special characters, so for example if I write Hello# how 1are you?. There should be 8 vowels and 6 consonants.
System.out.println("Please enter the sentence to analyze: ");
String words = key.nextLine(); //the sentence the user inputs
int c = 0; //# of consonants
int v = 0; //# of vowels
int length = words.length(); //length of sentence
int check; //goes over each letter in our sentence
for(check = 0; check < length; check++){
char a = words.charAt(check);
if(a == 'a' || a == 'A' || a == 'e' || a == 'E' || a == 'i' || a == 'I' || a == 'o'
|| a == 'O' || a == 'u' || a == 'U' || a == 'y' || a == 'Y')
v = v + 1;
else if(a == 'b' || a == 'B' || a == 'c' || a == 'C' || a == 'd' || a == 'D' || a == 'f'
|| a == 'F' || a == 'g' || a == 'G' || a == 'h' || a == 'H' || a == 'j' || a == 'J'
|| a == 'k' || a == 'K' || a == 'l' || a == 'L' || a == 'm' || a == 'M' || a == 'n'
|| a == 'N' || a == 'p' || a == 'P' || a == 'q' || a == 'Q' || a == 'r' || a == 'r'
|| a == 's' || a == 'S' || a == 't' || a == 'T' || a == 'v' || a == 'V' || a == 'w'
|| a == 'W' || a == 'x' || a == 'X' || a == 'z' || a == 'Z')
c = c + 1;
}
Use Character.isLetter(ch) to determine if the character is a vowel or a consonant, then check to see if the character in question is in the set of vowels.
One way to create the set of vowels:
Set<Character> vowels = new HashSet<Character>();
for (char ch : "aeiou".toCharArray()) {
vowels.add(ch);
}
And to increment v or c:
if (Character.isLetter(a)) {
if (vowels.contains(Character.toLowerCase(a))) {
v++;
} else {
c++;
}
}
Assuming you already have a letter (vowel or consonant, not a digit nor a symbol or anything else), then you can easily create a method to define if the letter is a vowel:
static final char[] vowels = { 'a', 'A', 'e', 'E', 'i', 'I', 'o', 'O', 'u', 'U', 'y', 'Y' };
public static boolean isVowel(char c) {
for (char vowel : vowels) {
if (c == vowel) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public static boolean isConsonant(char c) {
return !isVowel(c);
}
Note that I set Y and y as vowels since seems that they are in your language. In Spanish and English, Y is a consonant (AFAIK).
You can easily check if the char is a letter or not using Character#isLetter.
So, your code would become into:
for(check = 0; check < length; check++){
char a = words.charAt(check);
if (Character.isLetter(a)) {
if (isVowel(a)) {
v++;
} else {
c++;
}
}
}
How about something like
String vowels = "aeiouyAEIOUY"; // you can declare it somewhere before loop to
// to avoid redeclaring it each time in loop
//inside loop
if ((a>='a' && a<='z') || (a>='A' && a<='Z')){ //is letter
if (vowels.indexOf(a)!=-1) //is vowel
v++;
else //is consonant
c++;
}
I am sure this can be improved upon, but I'll throw it in the ring anyways.
Remove non-characters from the sentence, lowercase it, then convert to a char array and compare it to a char array of vowels that are all lowercase.
String myText = "This is a sentence.";
int v = 0;
char[] vowels = {'a','e','i','o','u'};
char[] sentence = myText.replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z]","").toLowerCase().toCharArray();
for (char letter : sentence) {
for (char vowel : vowels) {
if (letter == vowel) {
v++;
}
}
}
System.out.println("Vowels:"+ v);
System.out.println("Consonants:" + (sentence.length -v));
One easy way would be to create 2 lists:
one contains vowels (a, e, i, o, u)
the other contains consonants
Then you iterate over each character in the Java string.
See a sample below:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
public class Counter {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String test = "the fox is in the woods";
test = test.toLowerCase();
List<Character> vowels = new ArrayList<Character>();
vowels.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Character[]{'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'}));
List<Character> consonants = new ArrayList<Character>();
consonants.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Character[]{'b','c','d','f','g','h','j','k','l','m','n','p','q','r','s','t','v','w','x','y','z'}));
int vcount = 0;
int ccount = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < test.length(); i++){
Character letter = test.charAt(i);
if (vowels.contains(letter)){
vcount ++;
} else if (consonants.contains(letter)){
ccount++;
}
}
System.out.println(vcount);
System.out.println(ccount);
}
}
You can do a range check to make sure it is a letter, then check if it one of the vowels:
if( ( a >= 'a' && a<= 'z' ) || ( a >= 'A' && a <= 'Z' ) )
{
// is letter
switch( a )
{
case 'a': case 'A':
case 'e': case 'E':
case 'i': case 'I':
case 'o': case 'O':
case 'U': case 'u':
++v;
break;
default: // don't list the rest of the characters since we did the check in the if statement above.
++c;
}
}
Oh, there's certainly a much more readable way to do it. Not sure if that meets the "better" definition.
As a start, I'd suggest that you encapsulate what you have into methods that you can write once and call anywhere:
package misc;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
/**
* ParseUtils get counts of vowels and consonants in sentence
* #author Michael
* #link https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24048907/how-can-i-check-how-many-consonants-and-vowels-there-are-in-a-sentence-in-java
* #since 6/4/2014 6:57 PM
*/
public class ParseUtils {
private static final String VOWEL_PATTERN_STR = "(?i)[aeiou]";
private static final Pattern VOWEL_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(VOWEL_PATTERN_STR);
private static final String CONSONANT_PATTERN_STR = "(?i)[b-df-hj-np-tv-z]";
private static final Pattern CONSONANT_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(CONSONANT_PATTERN_STR);
private ParseUtils() {}
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (String arg : args) {
System.out.println(String.format("sentence: '%s' # letters: %d # vowels: %d # consonants %d", arg, arg.length(), getNumVowels(arg), getNumConsonants(arg)));
}
}
public static int getNumVowels(String sentence) {
return getMatchCount(sentence, VOWEL_PATTERN);
}
public static int getNumConsonants(String sentence) {
return getMatchCount(sentence, CONSONANT_PATTERN);
}
private static int getMatchCount(String s, Pattern p) {
int numMatches = 0;
if ((p != null) && (s != null) && (s.trim().length() > 0)) {
Matcher m = p.matcher(s);
while (m.find()) {
++numMatches;
}
}
return numMatches;
}
}
Split the String by whitespaces and and Calculate only the number of Vowels. Then Number of consonants = Length of Sentence - No. of Vowels.
Detailed Code:
System.out.println("Please enter the sentence to analyze: ");
int v = 0;
int c = 0;
String string = key.nextLine(); //the sentence the user inputs
String[] stringArray = string.split(" ");
for(int i=0;i<stringArray.length;i++)
{
for(int j= 0; j<string.length(); j++)
{
char a = string.charAt(j);
if(a == 'a' || a == 'A' || a == 'e' || a == 'E' || a == 'i' || a == 'I' || a == 'o'
|| a == 'O' || a == 'u' || a == 'U' || a == 'y' || a == 'Y')
v = v + 1;
}
c= c+(stringArray.length)-v;
}
System.out.println("Vowels:"+v+" and Consonants:"+c);
One way to do it is to get rid of the non-letters, then vowels and consonants, and get the length of what is left:
public class CountChars {
public static final String CONSONANTS = "[BCDFGHJKLMNPQRSTVWXYZ]";
public static final String VOWELS = "[AEIOU]"; // considering Y a consonant here
public static final String NOT_LETTERS = "[\\W_0-9]";
public static void main(String[] args) {
String words = "How can I check how many consonants and vowels there are in a sentence in Java?";
String letters = words.toUpperCase().replaceAll(NOT_LETTERS, "");
System.out.println("Letters: " + letters.length());
String vowels = letters.replaceAll(CONSONANTS, "");
System.out.println("Vowels: " + vowels.length());
String consonants = letters.replaceAll(VOWELS, "");
System.out.println("Consonants: " + consonants.length());
}
}
Here is the best way of doing this:
public static void checkVowelsAndConsonants(String s){
System.out.println("Vowel Count: " + (s.length() - s.toLowerCase().replaceAll("a|e|i|o|u|", "").length()));
//Also eliminating spaces, if any for the consonant count
System.out.println("Consonant Count: " + (s.toLowerCase().replaceAll("a|e|i|o| |u", "").length()));
}
I want to print the word which is containing maximum number of vowel. But Problem is that last word of sentence which is containing maximum number is not print. please help me solve that problem. My code is below.
When i enter input 'Happy New Year', Output is 'Yea' .But i want i output is 'Year'
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Abcd {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter The Word : ");
String sentence = sc.nextLine();
String word = "";
String wordMostVowel = "";
int temp = 0;
int vowelCount = 0;
char ch;
for (int i = 0; i < sentence.length(); i++) {
ch = sentence.charAt(i);
if (ch != ' ' && i != (sentence.length() - 1)) {
word += ch;
ch = Character.toLowerCase(ch);
if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u') {
vowelCount++;
}
} else {
if (vowelCount > temp) {
temp = vowelCount;
wordMostVowel = word;
}
word = "";
vowelCount = 0;
}
}
System.out.println("The word with the most vowels (" + temp + ") is: " + " " + wordMostVowel);
}
}
You cut words at spaces (correct), but you also cut at the last character, even if it's not a space (so this character is never dealt with). And that's not correct.
Here is a possibility:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Abcd {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the sentence : ");
String sentence = sc.nextLine();
String wordMostVowels = "";
int maxVowelCount = 0;
for (String word : sentence.split(" ")) {
int vowelCount = 0;
for (char c : word.toLowerCase().toCharArray()) {
if (c == 'a' || c == 'e' || c == 'i' || c == 'o' || c == 'u') {
vowelCount++;
}
}
if (vowelCount > maxVowelCount) {
maxVowelCount = vowelCount;
wordMostVowels = word;
}
}
System.out.println("The word with the most vowels (" + maxVowelCount + ") is: " + wordMostVowels);
}
}
My assignment is: if the user-inputted word has no vowels, then "ay" is added to the end, if it starts with a vowel then it adds "yay" to the end, otherwise if it doesn't meet any of these conditions then the first letter gets moved to the end of the word and "ay" is added to the end. I can't seem to get the last condition to work. For example the word "sad" should output "adsay" but instead it outputs "saday" which means that it is reading and accepting another if statement. I've tried to look up some solutions but all I've gotten are loops and I'd like to avoid loops for this particular assignment. Here is my code:
import java.util.Scanner;
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Word: ");
String word = in.nextLine();
int length = word.length();
String word1 = "";
if (word.charAt(0) == 'a' || word.charAt(0) == 'e' || word.charAt(0) == 'i' || word.charAt(0) == 'o' || word.charAt(0) == 'u')
{
word1 = pigLatin(word);
System.out.println("Pig Latin: " + word1);
}
else if (word.indexOf("a") == -1 || word.indexOf("e") == -1 || word.indexOf("i") == -1 || word.indexOf("o") == -1 || word.indexOf("u") == -1)
{
word1 = pigLatin1(word);
System.out.println("Pig Latin: " + word1);
}
else
{
word1 = pigLatin2(word);
System.out.println("Pig Latin: " + word1);
}
}
static String pigLatin(String word)
{
String x = word + "yay";
return x;
}
static String pigLatin1(String word)
{
String x = word + "ay";
return x;
}
static String pigLatin2(String word)
{
char firstLetter = word.charAt(0);
String x = word.substring(1, word.length()) + firstLetter + "ay";
return x;
}
}
The problem lies in your second if statement:
else if (word.indexOf("a") == -1 || word.indexOf("e") == -1 || word.indexOf("i") == -1 || word.indexOf("o") == -1 || word.indexOf("u") == -1)
{
word1 = pigLatin1(word);
System.out.println("Pig Latin: " + word1);
}
Because you're using "or" here (the || operator), your program will enter this block as long as the word doesn't contain "a", or doesn't contain "e", etc. For your test input, "sad" contains "a" but it doesn't contain "e"... so you wind up calling pigLatin1("sad").
Change this if to use "and" instead (the && operator). That way, the word will need to not have every defined vowel, instead of not having at least one defined vowel.
else if (word.indexOf("a") == -1 && word.indexOf("e") == -1 && word.indexOf("i") == -1 && word.indexOf("o") == -1 && word.indexOf("u") == -1)
Essentially I am trying to create a Pig Latin converter. However, for this assignment a requirement is to allow the user to enter 'Q' to quit entering in words. I can get the code to compile, but whenever the user enters Q it crashes and throws:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: String index out of range: 1
at java.lang.String.charAt(String.java:658)
at mission4aa.Mission4AA.main(Mission4AA.java:38)
I am just completley unsure where to even go about fixing this. I've been trying.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Mission4AA {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanIn = new Scanner(System.in);
String userInput;
int firstVowel = 0;
System.out.println("Welcome to the pig latin translator!");
System.out.println("Please enter a word (Q to exit): ");
do {
userInput = scanIn.next();
userInput = userInput.trim();
userInput = userInput.toLowerCase();
int end = userInput.length();
char a = userInput.charAt(0);
if (a == 'a' || a == 'e' || a == 'i' || a == 'o' || a == 'u' )
System.out.println(userInput + "way");
else { //Check for next vowel if the first letter is consonant
for (int i = 1; i < userInput.length(); i++) {
char b = userInput.toLowerCase().charAt(i);
if (b == 'a' || b == 'e' || b == 'i' || b == 'o' || b == 'u' ) {
firstVowel = i; //Stores the index of the first vowel
break;
}
}
if(userInput.charAt(1) != firstVowel) {
String startString = userInput.substring(firstVowel, end);
String endString = userInput.substring(0, firstVowel) + "ay";
String result = startString + endString;
System.out.println("Translation: " + result);
}
}
System.out.println("Enter another word(Q to exit): ");
} while (!userInput.equalsIgnoreCase("q"));
System.out.println("Thank you");
}
}
Because when you are doing this check
if(userInput.charAt(1) != firstVowel) {
If the user has input a 'q', userInput will only have a 0 term ( Length 1 ). You are effectively trying to get the second character of the users input. To solve your problem, i would do the check for 'q' at the start of the do section ( or simply scrap the do-while concept and use a while(true) loop ). Note that in future you should handle input that is of length 1. But for your issue, something like this would work
do {
userInput = scanIn.next();
userInput = userInput.trim();
userInput = userInput.toLowerCase();
int end = userInput.length();
char a = userInput.charAt(0);
//here
if(userInput.equals("q") || userInput.equals("Q")){
System.out.println("Thank you");
return;
}
//else continue
If the user enters just Q or q - there's no char at index 1, which is why your code throws the java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException exception.
There are many ways to fix this. In my case, I just converted your do-while to a while(true) and I use break if the input is just Q or q.
// get first input
userInput = scanIn.next();
while(true){
userInput = userInput.trim();
userInput = userInput.toLowerCase();
int end = userInput.length();
char a = userInput.charAt(0);
if (a == 'a' || a == 'e' || a == 'i' || a == 'o' || a == 'u' )
System.out.println(userInput + "way");
else { //Check for next vowel if the first letter is consonant
for (int i = 1; i < userInput.length(); i++) {
char b = userInput.toLowerCase().charAt(i);
if (b == 'a' || b == 'e' || b == 'i' || b == 'o' || b == 'u' ) {
firstVowel = i; //Stores the index of the first vowel
break;
}
}
if(userInput.charAt(1) != firstVowel) {
String startString = userInput.substring(firstVowel, end);
String endString = userInput.substring(0, firstVowel) + "ay";
String result = startString + endString;
System.out.println("Translation: " + result);
}
}
// check next word here - if Q or q, break out and finish
userInput = scanIn.next();
if(userInput.equalsIgnoreCase("q")) {
break;
}
System.out.println("Enter another word(Q to exit): ");
}
Note - you'd need to rearrange your print statements accordingly.
The problem appears to be that you read the user input in the beginning of the loop, thus the condition in your do-while loop checks the previous user input - not the new one.
In addition the else-branch of your if-statement assumes that the input is at least 2 characters long if(userInput.charAt(1) != firstVowel) {...}.
This is what causes the exception as the input "q" reaches the else-branch, but is only of length 1.
You need to make two changes to your code:
You need to read the userinput before checking the loop-condition.
In the else-branch you must check that the input is at least 2 characters long before checking if the second character is a vowel.
Modified code below:
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanIn = new Scanner(System.in);
String userInput;
int firstVowel = 0;
System.out.println("Welcome to the pig latin translator!");
System.out.println("Please enter a word (Q to exit): ");
userInput = scanIn.next().trim().toLowerCase();
do {
int end = userInput.length();
char a = userInput.charAt(0);
if (a == 'a' || a == 'e' || a == 'i' || a == 'o' || a == 'u' )
System.out.println(userInput + "way");
else { //Check for next vowel if the first letter is consonant
for (int i = 1; i < userInput.length(); i++) {
char b = userInput.toLowerCase().charAt(i);
if (b == 'a' || b == 'e' || b == 'i' || b == 'o' || b == 'u' ) {
firstVowel = i; //Stores the index of the first vowel
break;
}
}
if(end > 1 && userInput.charAt(1) != firstVowel) {
String startString = userInput.substring(firstVowel, end);
String endString = userInput.substring(0, firstVowel) + "ay";
String result = startString + endString;
System.out.println("Translation: " + result);
} else { /* Handle handle input of length 1 */}
}
System.out.println("Enter another word(Q to exit): ");
userInput = scanIn.next().trim().toLowerCase();
} while (!userInput.equalsIgnoreCase("q"));
System.out.println("Thank you");
}
my program currently takes a random word and turns into dashes based on how many letters are in the word. I then determine if a letter guessed is in the word, but I was unable to figure out how to have the correctly guessed letter replace the dashes accordingly. I looked through possible solutions on the site, but was unable to have one work for my current code.
Code:
public String hiddenWord(){
word = randomWord.getRandomWord();
String dashes = word.replaceAll("[^ ]", " _ ");
return dashes;
}
public String guessNotification(){
if(word.indexOf(hv.keyChar)!=-1 && (hv.keyChar >= 'a' && hv.keyChar <= 'z')) {
letterGuessed = "There is a " + hv.keyChar + " in the word";
}
else if(word.indexOf(hv.keyChar)==-1 && (hv.keyChar >= 'a' && hv.keyChar <= 'z')) {
letterGuessed = "No " + hv.keyChar + " in the word";
guesses++;
System.out.println(guesses);
}
else{
letterGuessed = "Not a valid letter";
}
return letterGuessed;
}
public void newGame() {
hv.createNotification(this, size);
guesses = 0;
System.out.println(word);
}
}
Here is how the logic of how to replace the appropriate dash with the correct user guess might look
public static String guessNotification(String word, char userGuess, StringBuilder dashes) {
int guessedIndex = word.indexOf(userGuess);
if (guessedIndex != -1 && (userGuess >= 'a' && userGuess <= 'z')) {
letterGuessed = "There is a " + userGuess + " in the word";
dashes.setCharAt(guessedIndex*3+1, userGuess);
}
else if (guessedIndex == -1 && (userGuess >= 'a' && userGuess <= 'z')) {
letterGuessed = "No " + userGuess + " in the word";
guesses++;
}
else {
letterGuessed = "Not a valid letter";
}
return letterGuessed;
}
Comments are all correct. But you may want to see example code: Add an array of correct guesses:
char[] correct = new char[26]; // or more, depends on whether u use non ascii chars
Initialize the array with e.g. ' '. Then replace the dashes:
StringBuilder guessedPart = new StringBuilder;
for (int lc = 0; lc < word.lenght(); lc++) {
for (char c : correct)
if (word.indexOf(lc) = c) guessedPart.append(c);
if (guessedPart.length() < lc) guessedPart.append('_');
String guessedWord = guessedPart.toString();
That should do.