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why is importing a font breaking other parts of code?

Modifiers.java:
package game;
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class Modifiers extends Data{
public static void setupJcomponents(){
frame.setUndecorated(true);
frame.setSize(MW,MH);
frame.setResizable(false);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setLayout(null);
for(int btn=0; btn<4; btn++) {
Buttons[btn] = new JPanel();
Buttons[btn].setBounds(btn*100,0,100,100);
Buttons[btn].setVisible(true);
Buttons[btn].setBackground(new Color(btn*50,btn*50,btn*50));
frame.getContentPane().add(Buttons[btn]);
}
menuBackground.setBounds(0,0,MW,MH);
menuBackground.setVisible(true);
menuBackground.setBackground(Color.black);
healthIndicator.setText(String.valueOf(healthValue));
healthIndicator.setFont(new Font("Terminal", Font.PLAIN, 100));
healthIndicator.setBounds(600,600,100,100);
healthIndicator.setForeground(Color.blue);
try{
PixelFont = Font.createFont(Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, new File("PixelFont.ttf"));
} catch (IOException e) {
PixelFont = new Font("Terminal", Font.PLAIN, 100);
} catch(FontFormatException e) {
PixelFont = new Font("Terminal", Font.PLAIN, 100);
}
GraphicsEnvironment ge = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment();
ge.registerFont(PixelFont);
frame.getContentPane().add(healthIndicator);
frame.getContentPane().add(menuBackground);
}
}
Data.java:
package game;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class Data {
// this is where I will declare and alter all variable that will be used
public static JFrame frame = new JFrame();
public static JLabel healthIndicator = new JLabel();
public static JPanel Buttons[] = new JPanel[5];
public static JPanel menuBackground = new JPanel();
public static final Dimension screenSize = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
public static final int MW = (int) screenSize.getWidth();
public static final int MH = (int) screenSize.getHeight();
public static Font PixelFont;
public static int maxHealth = 100;
public static int healthValue = maxHealth;
}
Frame.java:
package game;
public class Frame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Modifiers.setupJcomponents();
}
}
whenever i rum Frame.java the menu Background disappears and the text altogether stops showing up. but if the path to the .ttf file is wrong it just skips over the font and uses the default instead. How do i get this font to load properly as well as not cause my background background to disappear? I have tried changing the path to the .ttf file and turning various parts of the code into comments, but even if the font of the health indicator is a default font, these errors will still occur, however if i try removing the try-catch loop then the errors aren't there anymore.

There are all kinds of problems with the code. Not exactly sure why the Fonts is causing an issue, but it has something to do with the overall structure of your code and you aren't using Swing the way it was designed to be used.
whenever i rum Frame.java the menu Background disappears and the text altogether stops showing up
What appears to be directly related to the above question is that the setVisible(true) statement should be executed AFTER all the components have been added to the frame. This will make sure all the components are painted.
Note this will still only work by chance because you happen to add the "background" panel to the frame last. Swing paints components in the reverse order that are added to any given panel.
Regarding other problems.
your painting code only works by chance. You should not be adding all your components directly to the frame. Swing is not designed to paint components in 3 dimensions directly when the components overlap one another. Swing is designed to have a parent child relationship. So that would mean you add your "background" panel to the frame. Then you add a panel containing the buttons to the "background" and you add the "health" component to the background.
Related to above you should NOT be using a null layout. Swing was designed to be used with a layout manager. This will make sure components don't overlap. So in your case you can use a BorderLayout for the "background" panel. Then you can add the "buttons" panel to the BorderLayout.PAGE_Start and the "health" component to the `BorderLayout.PAGE_END. This will ensure that the components are at the top/bottom of the background panel.
Don't set the size of the frame. Instead you use the setExtendedState(JFrame.MAXIMIZED_BOTH) property. The frame will be the size of the screen. The "GamePanel" will be take up all the space of the frame. So there is no need to set or use hardcoded values.
Don't use static variables and method. This indicates poor design. What you should be doing is creating a GamePanel class, which would essentially be your background panel. This class would contain the instance variables needed for the game. It would create the "buttons" panel and the "health" component and add it to itself.
Variable names should NOT start with upper case characters.

JPanel How to create an instance/object

I keep mixing up JFrame and JPanel. I have a code that compiles but nothings happens and the program ends.
This is a homework assignment that requires us to draw a triangle. Then add a button, when button is pressed the triangle will flip upside down. Press again to return to the first location.
Any assistance would be great. This is my countless rough draft and I'm just trying to initiate the object to view.
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.geom.Line2D;
import java.awt.Color;
public class Triangle extends JPanel implements ActionListener
{
JButton button = new JButton("Just Flip It");
public Triangle()
{
add(button);
button.addActionListener(this);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{
}
#Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
{
super.paintComponent(g);
g.drawLine(125,75,100,200);
g.drawLine(125,75,150,200);
g.drawLine(100,200,150,200);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Triangle frame = new Triangle();
frame.setSize(400, 400);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

Think of a JPanel as a piece of paper and a JFrame as a book.
If you never add the piece of paper to the book, it will never be shown.
So, here are the steps to get your program running:
Create a JFrame that will hold your JPanel (Triangle) inside it
Add some logic in your ActionListener to have a boolean flag, that will be changed to true or false depending on the current state and based on it repaint the pane
Have some logic inside the paintComponent(...) method that draws the triangle upside down or upside up based on the state of the boolean flag above
So, from the above in your main(...) method you should have
JFrame frame = new JFrame("My frame");
//Initialize your Triangle here
frame.add(triangle);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
Your actionPerformed() method should look like this:
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{
clicked = !clicked;
repaint();
}
And your paintComponent():
super.paintComponent();
if (clicked) {
//Draw upside up
} else {
//Draw upside down
}
As we're using pack() instead of setSize(...) method, we should override getPreferredSize() method of our JPanel as well:
#Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(400, 400);
}
Otherwise we could get a really small JFrame (and it's a good practice to do it this way)
Also don't forget to place your program on the EDT (as I show in the point #2 of this answer)
As a side note, you might also want to move to use the Shape's API as recommended by #MadProgrammer in this answer
Both links above have cool examples and tips, check them out!

You need to add your JPanel to a JFrame object in your main method in the same way you add a button to your panel. The JFrame is the window that your JPanel exists inside of.
Make sure that you set the JFrame object to visible and set its size.
Not related to your question, but I would suggest at least separating out a private class for you ActionListener rather than having the Triangle class be both. If you're feeling adventurous, you could look into using an anonymous inner class or a lambda expression.

Adding a jpanel over a jlabel background

I know this question has been asked before but i cant seem to implement any of the other answers to my project. So i have my paint method in my player class here.
public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
{
//makes player(placeholder for real art)
super.paintComponent(g);
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
g.fillRect(x,y,50,30);
}
Then I have my main class here.
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
/**
* Write a description of class Main here.
*
* #author Richard Zins
* #V01
*/
public class Main extends JFrame
{
public static void main(String[]args)
{
Player p1 = new Player();
Main m = new Main(p1);
}
public Main(Player p1)
{
JFrame ar = new JFrame();
JLabel background = new JLabel(new ImageIcon("/Users/rizins/Desktop/PacManTestBackGround.jpg"));
ar.setTitle("Runner Maze");
ar.setSize(800,600);
ar.add(background);
ar.setVisible(true);
ar.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
ar.add(p1);
}
}
Now I cant seem to get my player object to paint over my background any help would be appreciated!

There are a couple of mistakes...
JPanel by default is opaque, so you need to change it to be transparent
JFrame uses a BorderLayout by default, so only one component will be shown at the (default) center position, in this case, the last thing you add.
You should call setVisible last
Instead, set a layout manager for the JLabel and add your player class to it. Instead of adding the JLabel to the frame, you should make the label the contentPane for the frame, for example...
p1.setOpaque(false);
JFrame ar = new JFrame();
ar.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
JLabel background = new JLabel(new ImageIcon("/Users/rizins/Desktop/PacManTestBackGround.jpg"));
ar.setTitle("Runner Maze");
ar.setContentPane(background);
ar.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
ar.add(p1);
ar.pack();
ar.setVisible(true);
I should point out that using a JLabel to display a background image like this could cause you problems, as the JLabel only uses the text and icon properties to calculate its preferred size, this could cause some child components to be laid out beyond its visible range.
See How to set a background picture in JPanel for more details and a possible solution

You can make the JPanel transparent by setting the opaque to false. e.g:
panel.setOpaque(false)
Try is if this work for you.

Use a JLayeredPane and add your background at the index 0 (indexed with an Integer not an int). Then you add another JPanel that is not opaque (like in #Bahramdun Adil 's answer) and add your player to that.
This way you can have a background and display your player at the same time.

How can I add a JButton to a JPanel from other class?

So I have 2 classes. One that creates a JPanel and a JFrame, and one that creates Buttons. Now I want to add those Buttons to my JPanel.
Where my JPanel and JFrame are created:
public class Surface extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
static JFrame jframe = new JFrame("TitleComingSoon");
Snake mySnake = new Snake(true);
int width;
int height;
#SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public Surface(int width, int height)
{
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
// Create the JPanel
setLayout(null);
setBounds(0, 0, 400, 400);
setBackground(Color.DARK_GRAY);
// Create the JFrame
jframe.setSize(width, height);
jframe.setResizable(false);
jframe.setLayout(null);
jframe.add(this); // Add the JPanel to the JFrame
jframe.setVisible(true);
// Add the KeyListener
addKeyListener(this);
setFocusTraversalKeysEnabled(true);
setFocusable(true);
requestFocusInWindow();
show();
}
#Override
public void paintComponent(Graphics diamond)
{
super.paintComponent(diamond);
diamond.drawRect(60, 60, 100, 50);
diamond.setColor(Color.RED);
repaint();
}
}
And in my other class I'm doing this:
Surface.jframe.add(myButton);
My problem is, that the buttons is under the JPanel. So if I remove the JPanel, I can see the button.

Several things jump out...
Use of null layouts. While it might seem like you gain control, you increase your work load and lose flexibility between platforms.
Creating a frame from with another component, but more importantly, from within its constructor. The panel shouldn't be concerned with how it will be displayed and should be focused on doing the job it was designed for.
Use of KeyListener. KeyListener is fussy and troublesome, better to use the Key Bindings API
Use of static for cross object communication. Static is not how you provide access to fields across classes, there are plenty of other techniques which provide better support. The main problem is, if you create another instance of your pane, you'll create a new frame and change the reference to the static field...now which frame are you actually addressing?
So, what's the solution?
From your "main" entry class, create an instance of a JFrame, your Surface panel and button. Set the Surface panel as the content panel of the frame, then add the button to the frame.
Make use of appropriate layout managers
Use the key bindings API instead of KeyListener

You could create an instance of your ButtonHolderClass in Surface and retrieve the button by way of a public getter method:
public Surface(int width, int height)
{
...
ButtonHolderClass buttonHolder = new ButtonHolderClass();
JButton myButton = buttonHolder.getMyButton();
add(myButton); // Add myButton
jframe.add(this); // Add the JPanel to the JFrame
}

Surface.jframe.add(myButton);
You are adding the button to the JFrame. You said you wanted to add it to the JPanel.
Simply make it
Surface.add(myButton);
Surface.jframe.add(Surface);
That will add the JButton to the JPanel, then it will add the JPanel to the JFrame.

There is a slight problem in ordering things here. You are adding your Surface instance to the frame before the Surface constructor is done constructing it.
package test;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
public class Surface extends JPanel {
static JFrame jframe;
static Surface surfaceInstance = new Surface();
public static Surface getInstance() {
return surfaceInstance;
}
public static void main(String argv[]) {
/* You need this to be a good friend of the Swing */
Runnable initiator = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
jframe = new JFrame("Whatever title you want");
jframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); // this will kill the application when you close the frame
jframe.setContentPane(Surface.getInstance());
jframe.pack();
jframe.setVisible(true);
}
};
/** You let the Swing run your initiator when Swing wishes to do so */
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(initiator);
Surface.getInstance().setPreferredSize(new Dimension(400,400));
/** then you can add other stuff to it **/
for (String buttonTitle: new String[] {"button1", "button2", "button3"}) {
Surface.getInstance().add(new JButton(buttonTitle));
}
}
}

paintComponent and repaint methods not working for my JPanel, Graphics2D

I am working on trying to make a GUI with a rectangular vehicle object in the middle of the page with regards to x-coordinate and two rectangular objects on either side of the vehicle.
I am extending a JPanel, so I call repaint in the run method to call the paintComponent method, but I am not even entering the paintComponent method. Additionally, do I have to do anything differently because I am working with Graphics2D?
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.geom.Path2D;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
public class Display extends JPanel implements Runnable{
public static final int frameWidth=1300;
public static final int frameHeight=800;
public double score;
public double updateTimeInterval=25;
public double prevUpdatedTime=0;
public Display(){
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setSize(frameWidth, frameHeight);
frame.setTitle("You are playing HoverTeam!!!");
frame.setVisible(true);
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
frame.getContentPane().add(panel);
System.out.println("completed constructor.");
}
public void paintComponent(Graphics g){
System.out.println("currently painting.");
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
/*
* Testing with random GameState
*/
double[] pos = {28,6,Math.PI/8};
double[] vel = {5,5,0};
int[] nearList = {4,8,7,5};
GameState gs = new GameState(pos,vel,2,2,nearList,3);
//GameState gs = GameClient.getGameState();
/*
* Drawing the vehicle in the center of the screen with regards to the x-coordinate and then referencing the walls to it.
*/
Path2D.Double vehic = gs.getVehicleShapePath(frameWidth/2, gs.getPosition()[1]);
g2.draw(vehic);
int[] nearObstHeights = gs.getNearObstList();
double vehiclePast = gs.getPosition()[0]%5; //distance that the vehicle is past the second obstacle--reference to where to draw obstacles
for (int i =0; i<nearObstHeights.length;i++){
Rectangle2D.Double obstacle = new Rectangle2D.Double(frameWidth/2 -vehiclePast+5*(i-1),nearObstHeights[i],1,nearObstHeights[i]);
g2.draw(obstacle);
}
score = gs.getPosition()[0]/5;
g.drawString("Score:"+score, frameWidth/2, frameHeight-10);
}
public void run(){
/*
* No maximum score, game goes on forever.
*/
System.out.println("entereed run method.");
while (true){
long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (currentTime-prevUpdatedTime>updateTimeInterval){
System.out.println("entered if statement");
prevUpdatedTime = currentTime;
repaint();
System.out.println("should have just repainted.");
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
(new Thread(new Display())).start();
}
}
Thanks

Your code is very confusing, each object has to take care of its own responsabilities and nothing more. In particular:
Display is a JPanel... and also a Runnable? Why is that? You can have a runnable doing work with the GUI (carefully) but it shouldn't be the GUI itself.
Display is a JPanel but its constructor is doing all sorts of things like creating a frame. The constructor of Display only has to take care of constructing the JPanel. Create your own class MyApplication that does all the work, or an static method createAndShowGUI() and call it from your main.
Why are you creating a thread in the main? Or rather, why the same statment that creates the
Then you have some problems in your code:
The first thing you almost certianly do in your paintComponent is calling super.paintComponent(g).
You should learn what the Event Dispatching Thread is. Look at how to setup the initial threads in Swing. In short you must call invokeLater in your main and get rid of that new Thread(). And however you organize your code, do not execute that runnable in the EDT, it has an infinite loop and the GUI would freeze.
You never put any Display object in your frame. The code creating the GUI should be something like this:
.
//we create the GUI here, this is called by main inside the runnable of `invokeLater`.
public static creteAndShowGUI(){
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setSize(frameWidth, frameHeight);
frame.setTitle("You are playing HoverTeam!!!");
//JPanel panel = new JPanel(); //this is an empty panel, you want the Display subclass that you created.
//we use the Display panel that will use the `paintComponent` to paint itself
Display panel = new Display();
frame.getContentPane().add(panel);
System.out.println("completed constructor.");
frame.setVisible(true);
}
You don't need that runnable at all, the GUI is repainted when needed by its own. You only have to call repaint() if you are making changes in it with your code.
Edit: As per your comments I'll clarify something: Whatrepaint() does is schedule the repainting of the object in the screen, that process includes, at some point, calling paintComponent. However you are calling repaint() on an object that it's not in the screen. Your call repaint() or rather this.repaint() is repainting the object new Display() that you create in the main (and is aregument of new Thread() however you don't add that object to any frame, it's not in the GUI so there's nothing to repaint on the screen.