Instance Methods: complex numbers - java

I am currently doing solo text book work for java(not part of a class) and I'm stuck on a question.
Write an instance method modulus for this class that could be called by a statement like
double size = z.modulus(); where z is of type Complex. If z represented the value a + ib,
then the call would set the variable size to the value of |z| = square root(a2 + b2).
What am I doing wrong?
public class complex {
double re;
double im;
complex x;
public static void main(String[] args) {
public complex z = new complex();
{
z.im = In.getDouble();
z.re = In.getDouble();
}
//public complex modulus = (x);
//{
// x.im = z.im * z.im;
// x.re = z.re * z.re;
// return ;
//}
public double size() {
System.out.println(Math.sqrt(x.im+ x.re));
return Math.sqrt(x.im+ x.re);
}
double size = z.modulus();
// {
//}
private double modulus() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
x.im = z.im * z.im;
x.re = z.re * z.re;
return 0;
}
}
I made the changes and came out with this but it still doesn't work i put the errors next to the line in which they occur.
public class complex {
double re;
double im;
public complex z = new complex();
{
z.im = In.getDouble();
z.re = In.getDouble();}
public static void main(String[] args) {
private double modulus() { // insert enumIdentifier and body, Syntax error on "double" # expected.
return Math.sqrt( im * im + re * re );
}
double size = z.modulus();
}
}

You don't need to refer to either x or z. You have the right fields in your class to be able to calculate the modulus.
public double modulus() {
return Math.sqrt( im * im + re * re );
}
However, in the code in your question, you seem to be defining your class's methods inside the main method. You can't do that. Close off the definition of one method (with }) before starting the next.

Related

Having trouble with passing user defined parameters inside my object

I'm being asked to pass more arguments to match my constructor but I have no idea what to pass into them.
I have multiple instance variables but only a few of them will be defined by the user (the vertices) and the others are going to defined with their respective methods. If I take everything except my vertices outside of my constructor to solve the error I am left with my final output being left as 0 for most of my reports.
Is my constructor the problem or the parameters in my object at fault?
import java.lang.Math;
public class Triangle {
//instance variables
private double VertAx, VertAy, VertBx, VertBy, VertCx, VertCy;
private double lengthAB, lengthBC, lengthCA;
private double Perimeter, Area;
private double H = Perimeter/2;
//Triangle Constructor
public Triangle(double userVertAx, double userVertAy, double userVertBx, double userVertBy, double userVertCx, double userVertCy, double userlengthAB, double userlengthBC, double userlengthCA, double userPerimeter, double userArea, double userH) {
userVertAx = this.VertAx;
userVertAy = this.VertAy;
userVertBx = this.VertBx;
userVertBy = this.VertBy;
userVertCx = this.VertCx;
userVertCy = this.VertCy;
userlengthAB = this.lengthAB;
userlengthBC = this.lengthBC;
userlengthCA = this.lengthCA;
userPerimeter = this.Perimeter;
userArea = this.Area;
userH = this.H;
}
public double lengthAB(double userVertAx, double userVertAy, double userVertBx, double userVertBy) {
return lengthAB = Math.sqrt( (Math.pow((userVertBx - userVertAx), 2)) + (Math.pow((userVertBy - userVertAy), 2)));
}
public double lengthBC(double userVertBx, double userVertBy, double userVertCx, double userVertCy) {
return lengthBC = Math.sqrt( (Math.pow((userVertCx - userVertBx), 2)) + (Math.pow((userVertCy - userVertBy), 2)));
}
public double lengthCA(double userVertCx, double userVertCy, double userVertAx, double userVertAy) {
return lengthCA = Math.sqrt( (Math.pow((userVertAx - userVertCx), 2)) + (Math.pow((userVertAy - userVertCy), 2)));
}
public void setPerimeter(double userlengthAB, double userlengthBC, double userlengthCA) {
Perimeter = userlengthAB + userlengthBC + userlengthCA;
}
public double getPerimeter() {
return Perimeter;
}
public void setArea(double userlengthAB, double userlengthBC, double userlengthCA, double userH) {
Area = Math.sqrt(userH*(userH-userlengthAB)*(userH-userlengthBC)*(userH-userlengthCA));
}
public double getArea() {
double Area = getArea();
return Area;
}
public String toString() {
return String.format("Vertices: A(%f, %f) B(%f, %f) C(%f, %f)\nSide Lengths: AB=%f BC=%f CA=%f\nPerimeter: %f\nArea: %f", VertAx, VertAy, VertBx, VertBy, VertCx, VertCy, lengthAB, lengthBC, lengthCA, Perimeter, Area);
}
}
public class TriangleTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
#SuppressWarnings("resource")
Scanner Vertices = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Welcome to the Triangle Test enter each coordinate of your three vertices SEPERATELY");
System.out.println("Enter Vertex A X");
Double VAX = Vertices.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Enter Vertex A Y");
Double VAY = Vertices.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Enter Vertex B X");
Double VBX = Vertices.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Enter Vertex B Y");
Double VBY = Vertices.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Enter Vertex C X");
Double VCX = Vertices.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Enter Vertex C Y");
Double VCY = Vertices.nextDouble();
//ERROR
Triangle UserTriangle = new Triangle(VAX, VAY, VBX, VBY, VCX, VCY);
//ERROR ^
UserTriangle.lengthAB(VAX, VAY, VBX, VBY);
UserTriangle.lengthBC(VBX, VBY, VCX, VCY);
UserTriangle.lengthCA(VCX, VCY, VAX, VAY);
UserTriangle.getPerimeter();
UserTriangle.getArea();
System.out.println(UserTriangle.toString());
}
}
I am expecting some way to pass the right parameters into my UserTriangle but I am confused as to how. Thank you for any help anyone can provide. My understanding with classes and objects were good with implementing user input but this one seems so tricky to me considering some of the variables are defined in methods and some are defined by the user.
Constructor called with a mismatched number of arguments
You defined your constructor as accepting 12 arguments, but then you called it with only 6 arguments. This is the error you're referring to. To solve this you have 3 options
Provide all the 12 arguments the constructor needs
Define your constructor as receiving 6 arguments
Refactor (see below for instructions), which is the way to go in my opinion
Reverse the initialization statements in your constructor
To initialize your attributes write this.VertAx = userVertAx instead of userVertAx = this.VertAx; (reverse the statement basically)
This goes for all the other attributes too (userlengthAB, userPerimeter, etc...)
Note
It's better to use the Java naming conventions so you can make the difference say between attributes and classes. Attributes and variables should start with a lowercase and classes with an uppercase.
Edit: Refactoring suggestion
An even better writing is to use less arguments in your constructor. Having too many arguments is considered a code smell and will make your code less readable/maintainable, etc...
To handle that you can encapsulate some concepts in classes. For example you can have
public class Vertex {
private double x;
private double y;
public Vertex(double x, double y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
public class TriangleVertices {
private vertexA;
private vertexB;
private vertexC;
public TriangleVertices (Vertex a, Vertex b, Vertex c) {
vertexA = a;
vertexB = b;
vertexC = c;
}
}
public class Triangle {
private TriangleVertices vertices;
// other attributes
// You have now 5 arguments less!
public Triangle(TriangleVertices vertices, // other attributes) {
this.vertices = vertices;
// Initialize other attributes
}
}
Here "this" is a keyword which points the constructor to the variables that are declared in the created class (in your case created class is Triangle). we use "this" keyword when
the variable of parameter has the same name as the variable declared in the created class.For example;
class A {
int NewVar;
A (double NewVar){
this.NewVar = NewVar; //here this.NewVar is pointing to NewVar of type int
}
}
Change this in your code. This might solve your problem.
public Triangle(double userVertAx, double userVertAy, double userVertBx, double userVertBy, double userVertCx, double userVertCy, double userlengthAB, double userlengthBC, double userlengthCA, double userPerimeter, double userArea, double userH) {
this.VertAx = userVertAx;
this.VertAy = userVertAy;
this.VertBx = userVertBx;
this.VertBy = userVertBy;
this.VertCx = userVertCx;
this.VertCy = userVertCy;
this.lengthAB = userlengthAB;
this.lengthBC = userlengthBC;
this.lengthCA = userlengthCA ;
this.Perimeter = userPerimeter ;
this.Area = userArea;
this.H = userH ;
}

Its possible to define class as double type java?

I have the following class in java :
public class Percentage
{
private double n;
Percentage (double n )
{
this.n=n;
}
public void setN()
{
this.n=n;
}
public double getN()
{
return n;
}
public double percntage ()
{
return this.n/100;
}
}
this Class Percentage will return a double value, but the problem is we can't make any mathematic operation with values like below:
public static void main (String args[])
{
Percentage p = new Percentage(5);
double b=1;
b=p*12; // this is error because the class Percentage in not of type double
}
is there someway to make Percentage of type double ?
That is an error because you are multiplying the Percentage object with double value.
The alternative is
public static void main (String args[])
{
Percentage p = new Percentage(5);
double b=1;
b=p.getN()*12;
}
You cannot make the class type double. You can perform your operation in the n value instead.
b = p.getN()*12;
you can't define a class as double, because double is a primitive type. What you can do is what the others user suggested:
p.getN();
It will return the double value you need.
No, you can't make it behave like a double, but (like BigDecimal) you can supply methods for performing the relevant operations.
Since your code seems to imply that n = 10 means 10%, i.e. a factor of 0.10, you could make methods like these:
public double of(double value) {
return value * this.n / 100d;
}
public double add(double value) {
return value * (100d + this.n)) / 100d;
}
and then use it like this:
Percentage p = new Percentage(10);
double input = 55;
double d1 = p.of(input); // 10% of 55 = 5.5
double d2 = p.add(input); // 55 + 10% = 60.5

Math.pow and Method Calling

I am writing a method to identify a polynomial functions from a given sequence of numbers.
public void updateSequence(Term t) {
for (int i = 0; i <= sequence.length; i++) {
sequence[i] = sequence[i] - t(c) * Math.pow(i, t(e));
}
}
I am having some problems with this method. I am unsure how to call a method called getCoefficient from another class called Term which is basically a method containing the following statement
return coefficient;
and then use that in the method above. I need to find the term which is basically coefficient * i ^exponent and then save it back into the sequence to be run through the iteration again.
These are the content of the term class.
public class Term {
term = coefficient * x ^ exponent
private double coefficient;
private int exponent;
public Term(double c, int e) {
coefficient = c;
exponent = e;
}
// returns the coefficient
public double getCoefficient() {
return coefficient;
}
// returns the exponent
public int getExponent() {
return exponent;
}
// returns the term as a String for display
// see the sample file for the layout required
public String display() {
// TODO
String tocompile = "tocompile";
return tocompile;
}
}

Workaround for passing a method into a method?

I am looking for a way to pass a method as a parameter into another method.
I am currently trying to simulate the Newton's-method (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_method) in Java with the following code:
public class Newton {
// Iterationmethod
public void newtonCalc(double x0) {
double x;
// counter
int i = 0;
//Newton-Iteration for x0
x = x0 - (y2(x0) / y2Deriv(x0));
while (Math.sqrt(y2(x)*y2(x)) >= Math.pow(10, -10)){
//Newton-Iteration x(n+1)
x = x - (y2(x))/ y2Deriv(x);
i++;
System.out.printf("%d. %.11f\n",i,y2(x));
}
System.out.printf("%d steps were necessary for a resolution of 10^-10", i);
}
// Function for (2)
public static double y2(double x) {
return Math.sin(x) / (1 - Math.tan(x));
}
// Derivative for (2)
public static double y2Deriv(double x) {
return (Math.cos(x) + Math.sin(x) * Math.tan(x) * Math.tan(x))
/ ((Math.tan(x) - 1) * (Math.tan(x) - 1));
}
// Function for (4)
public static double y4(double x) {
return Math.exp(-1/Math.sqrt(x));
}
// Derivative for (4)
public static double y4Deriv(double x) {
return Math.exp(-1/Math.sqrt(x))/(2*Math.pow(x, 3d/2));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Newton newton = new Newton();
newton.newtonCalc(1);
}
}
newtonCalc(x0) gets an x0 at wich the iteration should be started.
But the function (y2) now is hardcoded into this method. I want it to be flexible.
For example newtonCalc(double x0, Method y) to run the iteration for y starting at x0.
I have 2 different functions (y2 and y4 which are both functions from a excercise sheet from my lecture plus its derivatives y2Deriv and y4Deriv which are used in the Iterationmethod).
I know passing a method is not possible but i dont get any easy workaround.
Forgive me if this is unclear or i have missed any necessary information!
Regards,
Tak3r07
It's entirely possible since Java 8, using lambda expressions
If you want to stay with pre-Java-8 methods, make an interface Function with member functions eval and deriv and pass (possibly anonymous) instances of derived classes to the Newton class invocation.
This could look like (I'm not sure that all details are correct, these are just code fragments to illustrate the idea)
interface Function {
public double eval(double x);
public double deriv(double);
}
class Example1 implements Function {
#override
public double eval(double x) { return x*(x+3)+1; }
#override
public double deriv(double) { return 2*x+3; }
}
....
Solver solver1 = new Newton(new Example1(),x0);
....
Solver solver2 = new Newton(new Function(){
#override
public double eval(double x) { return cos(x); }
#override
public double deriv(double) { return -sin(x); }
}, x0);

Will there any issues in initializing non-static member variables this way?

I have initialized the variables as follows in the code below. Is it okay to initialize like this ?
public class StaticInit {
int x = getInt();
String z = "Lucky Number " + processInt(x);
public static int getInt() {
int ret = 10;
System.out.println("ret- " + ret);
return ret;
}
public static int processInt(int toProcess) {
int toRet = toProcess / 2;
System.out.println("toRet- " + toRet);
return toRet;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
StaticInit sit = new StaticInit();
}
}
You can initialise with the variable declaration or in the constructor. Some will argue that one or the other is better but either works. I believe the argument for initialise in the constructor is so that all variable initialisations are in the same place, since not everything can be initialised outside of the constructor in some cases.
public class StaticInit {
int x = getInt();
String z = "Lucky Number " + processInt(x);
}
or
public class StaticInit {
int x;
String z;
public StaticInit() {
x = 10;
z = x / 2;
}
}
For this case in particular though, I would definitely recommend using the constructor since z relies on x. Plus the constructor is much nicer than using static methods.
Personally, instead of having the getInt(), I would just initialise it in the constructor.
Unless you're going to use the getInt() function externally, I don't see the point in having it, especially since it returns a hardcoded value.

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