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How to have gap between the frame and a component?

I'm trying practice my GUI and I am having troubles putting gap between component and the frame.
The picture above is what I have so far. But I really want to put a gap between the left side of the frame and "label1".
private void initialize() {
frame = new JFrame();
frame.setTitle("WINDOW");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setSize(500, 300);
panel = new JPanel();
panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
bottomPanel = new JPanel();
bottomPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 5));
l1 = new JLabel("Label1");
l2 = new JLabel("Label2");
l3 = new JLabel("Label3");
l4 = new JLabel("Label4");
l5 = new JLabel("Label5");
bottomPanel.add(l1);
bottomPanel.add(l2);
bottomPanel.add(l3);
bottomPanel.add(l4);
bottomPanel.add(l5);
panel.add(bottomPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(panel);
}
Above is part my code. I tried doing:
bottomPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 5, -20, 0));
to put some horizontal gap but that only added gap between the components. That didn't move "label1" away from the frame at all. Is there any other way of doing this? I am very new to Java so I don't really know much of the other tricks. I would appreciate any help! Thank you!

The other answers are fudges that won't achieve the desired effect when the GUI is resized. Instead use:
JLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
By centering the text within the JLabel, combined with GridLayout stretching the components to the full width of the cell, each label will have as much space either side as the GUI can allow. E.G. here is the effect when the GUI is at minimum size.
And when stretched wider:
(The red border is added to show the bounds of each label.)

Add a Border to the panel:
bottomPanel = new JPanel();
bottomPanel.setBorder( new EmptyBorder(0, 10, 0, 0) );
Read the section from the Swing tutorial on How to Use Borders for more information about the different borders you can create.

Try the following:
bottomPanel.add(javax.swing.Box.createHorizontalStrut(10));

How do I add JMenuBar to JTextArea?

I have a JTextArea, and I want to add a JMenuBar to it, but it doesn't seem to work.
ta = new JTextArea();
ta.setBackground(Color.RED);
// ta.setLayout(null); I tried with a null layout and
non-null
pane = new JScrollPane(ta);
pane.setBounds(Main.WIDTH - (Main.WIDTH - 20), Main.HEIGHT - (Main.HEIGHT - 20), Main.WIDTH - 60, Main.HEIGHT - 500);
bar = new JMenuBar();
bar.setBounds(0, 0, ta.getWidth(), 20); // This won't be there if
// there is a non-null layout.
ta.add(bar); // I also tried pane.add(bar); that didn't work either.
Is there any way to add JMenuBar to JTextArea?

Put the JTextArea into a JScrollPane -- always
Add the JScrollPane to the BorderLayout.CENTER position of a JPanel that uses BorderLayout
Add the JMenuBar to the BorderLayout.PAGE_START position of the same BorderLayout using JPanel
Done
e.g.,
JTextArea ta = new JTextArea(40, 20); // give columns and rows
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(ta);
JPanel borderLayoutPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
borderLayoutPanel.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
// add menu's to the menu bar here
borderLayoutPanel.add(menuBar, BorderLayout.PAGE_START);
Side notes:
The code where you call, ta.getWidth() is likely returning a width value of 0, since it appears to be called before the JTextArea has been rendered.
You almost never want to add components directly to the JTextArea itself as that potentially interferes with the functioning of the text area.

My Frames take up most of the space availbe

So I have a problem that I have to make a questionnaire about something and I have to use multiple Layouts.
My problem is that when I add 2 JPanels to a Grid layout (only to 1 side) my first Panel takes up most of the space.
Code:
public class MainFrame extends JFrame implements ItemListener{
JPanel mainPanel,rightSideAge,rightSideGender,leftSide,rightSideBox,leftSideBox;
JTextArea nameArea;
JSpinner ageSpinner;
JRadioButton genMale,genFema;
ButtonGroup genderGroup;
MainFrame(){
this.setSize(1000, 800);
this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
this.setTitle("Közvélemény kutatás a zenei ízlésekről");
mainPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0, 2));
this.setContentPane(mainPanel);
/* --- RIGHT PANEL --- */
rightSideBox = new JPanel();
rightSideBox.setLayout(new BoxLayout(rightSideBox, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
rightSideAge = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
rightSideAge.setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.BLUE));
//rightSide.setLayout(new BoxLayout(rightSide, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
mainPanel.add(rightSideBox);
//Age label
//JLabel labelAge = new JLabel("Kor: ");
//labelAge.setSize(100, 30);
//Age Spinner
ageSpinner = new JSpinner(new SpinnerNumberModel(1, 1, 120, 1));
ageSpinner.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(40, 20));
Component mySpinnerEditor = ageSpinner.getEditor();
JFormattedTextField jftf = ((JSpinner.DefaultEditor) mySpinnerEditor).getTextField();
jftf.setColumns(5);
//New box for zenei ízlés
rightSideGender = new JPanel();
rightSideGender.setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.GREEN));
rightSideGender.setLayout(new BoxLayout(rightSideGender,BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
//Gender ComboBox
genderGroup = new ButtonGroup();
genMale = new JRadioButton("Férfi");
genderGroup.add(genMale);
genFema = new JRadioButton("Nő");
genderGroup.add(genFema);
/* --- LEFT SIDE --- */
rightSideBox.setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.RED));
/* ADD STUFF TO PANELS */
/* RightSideBox */
rightSideBox.add(rightSideAge);
rightSideBox.add(rightSideGender);
/*RIGHT SIDE PANELS*/
rightSideGender.add(new JLabel("Nem:"));
rightSideGender.add(genMale);
rightSideGender.add(genFema);
rightSideAge.add(new JLabel("Kor"));
//rightSide.add(labelAge);
rightSideAge.add(ageSpinner);
/*LEFT SIDE PANEL*/
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
The Blue lineout sould be only under the JSpinner:

ageSpinner.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(40, 20));
First of all, you should not be manually setting the size of a component. Each Swing component is responsible for determining its own size.
The Blue lineout should be only under the JSpinner:
The box layout will resize a component to its maximum size if there is space available. For some reason a JSpinner doesn't appear to have a maximum height so it expands to fill all the available space.
To fix this you can do something like:
//ageSpinner.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(40, 20));
ageSpinner.setMaximumSize( ageSpinner.getPreferredSize() );

mainPanel layout is set to have two columns:
mainPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0, 2));
You only add one panel to mainPanel which uses the GridLayout:
mainPanel.add(rightSideBox);
Note: the first component you add, in this case rightSideBox will occupy the first column, meaning it will be the LEFT one.
To add rightSideGender to mainPanel you need to :
mainPanel.add(rightSideGender);
The second component you add, in this case rightSideGender will occupy the second column, in this case the RIGHT one.

Adding components dynamically to the JPanel changing components size

I am trying to add combo box to the JPanel dynamically but the combo box occupying entire panel.According to the combo box count the size of the combo boxes are changing but I want fixed size of the combo box and I need to create the combo boxes one by one means below of another combo /in a new line.
How to set the location of the components in a panel.
JComboBox startDate = new JComboBox();
startDate.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(80,25));
jPanelStartDate.add(startDate);
jPanelStartDate.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 3, 10, 10));
jPanelStartDate.revalidate();

Ok, you have more than one option. You can use a BoxLayout with a Y_Axis and a rigid area or you can use the more advanced, complex and dynamic GridBagLayout. The following is an example with a BoxLayout and rigid areas.
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Test");
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
BoxLayout boxLayout = new BoxLayout(panel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS);
panel.setLayout(boxLayout);
for(int index = 0; index < 5; ++index){
JComboBox<String> box = new JComboBox<>(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"});
box.setMaximumSize(new Dimension(50, 50));
box.setMinimumSize(new Dimension(50, 50));
panel.add(box);
panel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(10, 10)));
}
frame.setContentPane(panel);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setSize(new Dimension(300, 300));
frame.setVisible(true);
You can change the dimensions, specially of the rigid area to adjust the spaces and the sizes of the components according to your needs.

Vertical alignment of components of jpanels using GridLayout

I am making KenKen as my term project using java swing library. For alignment I have used gridbag and gridlayout, But now i want to add one more component of JPanel to the UI. These screenshots will make the problem more clear:
Now I select the grid cell to which i want to add respective candidates of in the left most panel.
It disturbs the adjacent alignments of the grid and panels.
Here are the panels with their respective layouts:
JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
buttonPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 4, 5, 5));
buttonPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(20,40));
buttonPanel.add(undoButton);
buttonPanel.add(redoButton);
buttonPanel.add(eraseButton);
buttonPanel.add(hintButton);
JPanel cellPanel = new JPanel();
cellPanel.setName("cellPanel");
cellPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(pSize, pSize, 0, 0));
JPanel numPanel = new JPanel();
numPanel.setName("numPanel");
numPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,1,5,5));
numPanel.setPreferredSize((new Dimension(50,60)));
JPanel candPanel = new JPanel();
candPanel.setName("candidatesPanel");
JLabel candidates = new JLabel("Candidates");
candidates.setFont(new Font("Courier New", Font.ITALIC, 14));
candidates.setForeground(Color.GRAY);
candPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(0,1));
candPanel.add(candidates);
Then it all goes into the content panel:
content.add(buttonPanel, pos.nextCol().expandW());
content.add(candPanel, pos.nextRow());
content.add(new Gap(GAP) , pos.nextRow()); // Add a gap below
content.add(cellPanel, pos.nextCol());
content.add(numPanel,pos.nextCol().expandW());
The buttons are all generated on runtime, and they are added to the candPanel in an action listener.

You appear to be using a GridBagConstraints subclass of which I am unaware (variable pos), though I can guess its function from context.
Assuming your problem is that you want the candidates panel to be to the left of the cellPanel, and not above it, you need to swap the lines which add the candPanel and the new Gap(GAP) as follows:
content.add(buttonPanel, pos.nextCol().expandW());
content.add(new Gap(GAP), pos.nextRow()); // These two lines
content.add(candPanel, pos.nextRow()); // swapped over
content.add(cellPanel, pos.nextCol());
content.add(numPanel,pos.nextCol().expandW());