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Java.ExceptionInInitializerError in selenium browser launch [duplicate]

I have a cucumber and selenium test which has always worked fine and suddenly stops running with the below error.
1 Scenarios (1 failed)
14 Steps (14 skipped)
0m0.004s
java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.picocontainer.injectors.AbstractInjector.newInstance(AbstractInjector.java:145)
at org.picocontainer.injectors.ConstructorInjector$1.run(ConstructorInjector.java:342)
at org.picocontainer.injectors.AbstractInjector$ThreadLocalCyclicDependencyGuard.observe(AbstractInjector.java:270)
at org.picocontainer.injectors.ConstructorInjector.getComponentInstance(ConstructorInjector.java:364)
at org.picocontainer.injectors.AbstractInjectionFactory$LifecycleAdapter.getComponentInstance(AbstractInjectionFactory.java:56)
at org.picocontainer.behaviors.AbstractBehavior.getComponentInstance(AbstractBehavior.java:64)
at org.picocontainer.behaviors.Stored.getComponentInstance(Stored.java:91)
at org.picocontainer.DefaultPicoContainer.getInstance(DefaultPicoContainer.java:699)
at org.picocontainer.DefaultPicoContainer.getComponent(DefaultPicoContainer.java:647)
at org.picocontainer.DefaultPicoContainer.getComponent(DefaultPicoContainer.java:678)
at cucumber.runtime.java.picocontainer.PicoFactory.getInstance(PicoFactory.java:40)
at cucumber.runtime.java.JavaHookDefinition.execute(JavaHookDefinition.java:60)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.runHookIfTagsMatch(Runtime.java:224)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.runHooks(Runtime.java:212)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.runBeforeHooks(Runtime.java:202)
at cucumber.runtime.model.CucumberScenario.run(CucumberScenario.java:40)
at cucumber.runtime.model.CucumberFeature.run(CucumberFeature.java:165)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.run(Runtime.java:122)
at cucumber.api.cli.Main.run(Main.java:36)
at cucumber.api.cli.Main.main(Main.java:18)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.optal.browsers.WebDriverFactory.createAndSetUpThreadedBrowser(WebDriverFactory.java:56)
at com.optal.browsers.WebDriverFactory.create(WebDriverFactory.java:37)
at com.optal.hooks.ScenarioHooks.<clinit>(ScenarioHooks.java:19)
... 24 more
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.optal.hooks.ScenarioHooks
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.picocontainer.injectors.AbstractInjector.newInstance(AbstractInjector.java:145)
at org.picocontainer.injectors.ConstructorInjector$1.run(ConstructorInjector.java:342)
at org.picocontainer.injectors.AbstractInjector$ThreadLocalCyclicDependencyGuard.observe(AbstractInjector.java:270)
at org.picocontainer.injectors.ConstructorInjector.getComponentInstance(ConstructorInjector.java:364)
at org.picocontainer.injectors.AbstractInjectionFactory$LifecycleAdapter.getComponentInstance(AbstractInjectionFactory.java:56)
at org.picocontainer.behaviors.AbstractBehavior.getComponentInstance(AbstractBehavior.java:64)
at org.picocontainer.behaviors.Stored.getComponentInstance(Stored.java:91)
at org.picocontainer.DefaultPicoContainer.getInstance(DefaultPicoContainer.java:699)
at org.picocontainer.DefaultPicoContainer.getComponent(DefaultPicoContainer.java:647)
at org.picocontainer.DefaultPicoContainer.getComponent(DefaultPicoContainer.java:678)
at cucumber.runtime.java.picocontainer.PicoFactory.getInstance(PicoFactory.java:40)
at cucumber.runtime.java.JavaHookDefinition.execute(JavaHookDefinition.java:60)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.runHookIfTagsMatch(Runtime.java:224)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.runHooks(Runtime.java:212)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.runAfterHooks(Runtime.java:206)
at cucumber.runtime.model.CucumberScenario.run(CucumberScenario.java:46)
at cucumber.runtime.model.CucumberFeature.run(CucumberFeature.java:165)
at cucumber.runtime.Runtime.run(Runtime.java:122)
at cucumber.api.cli.Main.run(Main.java:36)
at cucumber.api.cli.Main.main(Main.java:18)
Calling System.exit() ..................
Process finished with exit code 1

ExceptionInInitializerError
An ExceptionInInitializerError is thrown to indicate that an exception occurred during evaluation of a static initializer or the initializer for a static variable.
The ExceptionInInitializerError is thrown when the JVM attempts to load a new class. During the class loading procedure, all static variables and static initializers are being evaluated. A static initializer is a block enclosed within curly braces without having any name and return type, except having the keyword static.
An example of a static initializer:
import java.util.UUID;
class Example {
private static String ID = null;
static {
ID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
}
}
The static initializer is evaluated only once during the class loading procedure. Thus, a thrown exception in the evaluation of a static variable or initializer is wrapped into an ExceptionInInitializerError, in order for the JVM to indicate that the class could not be initialized and loaded.
An example that throws ExceptionInInitializerError error is as follows:
public class Example {
private static String message = null;
private static String subMessage = null;
public Example(String message) {
Example.message = message;
}
static {
/* Store the first 10 characters of the input message. */
subMessage = message.substring(0, 10);
}
public String getSubMessage() {
return subMessage;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Example exampleClass = new Example("Test");
System.out.println(exampleClass.getSubMessage());
}
}
Executing the above code snippet you will see the following error:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
at main.java.Example.<clinit>(Example.java:13)
You can use either of the following methods to extract more information about the underlying actual exception:
getException(): Returns the exception that occurred during a static initialization that caused this error to be created.
getCause(): Returns the exception that caused this error to be thrown.
Dealing with ExceptionInInitializerError
The ExceptionInInitializerError is used as a wrapper to indicate that an exception arises in the static initializer block or the evaluation of a static variable’s value. Thus, we have to ensure that the original exception is fixed, in order for the JVM to be able to load our class successfully.
Outro
You can throw unchecked / runtime exceptions from the block of a static initializer. However, you cannot allow a checked exception to propagate out of a static block, because is not possible to handle these exceptions in your source.

if you are using Mac M1 chip and room lib , try this : In project-level build.gradle, add the following configuration in allprojects :
allprojects {
repositories {
// ...
}
// ADD THE FOLLOWING
configurations.all {
resolutionStrategy {
force 'org.xerial:sqlite-jdbc:3.34.0'
}
}
}
Ref : https://stackoverflow.com/a/70232822/7048025

How do I use an inner (nested) class created with a groovy AST transformation?

I am trying to use groovy to write an annotation and ASTTransformation which will create an inner class.
Here is the annotation:
import org.codehaus.groovy.transform.GroovyASTTransformationClass;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
#Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
#Target(ElementType.TYPE)
#GroovyASTTransformationClass("WithInnerClassTransformation")
public #interface WithInnerClass {
public String name();
}
And the transformation:
import org.codehaus.groovy.ast.*;
import org.codehaus.groovy.control.*;
import org.codehaus.groovy.transform.*;
#GroovyASTTransformation(phase = CompilePhase.CANONICALIZATION)
public class WithInnerClassTransformation implements ASTTransformation {
public void visit(ASTNode[] nodes, SourceUnit source) {
ClassNode outer = nodes[1];
String name = nodes[0].getMember('name').text;
def innerClassNode = new InnerClassNode(
outer,
"$outer.name\$$name",
ClassNode.ACC_PUBLIC,
new ClassNode(GroovyObject),
);
def compilerConfiguration = source.getAST().getUnit().config;
def compilationUnit = new CompilationUnit(compilerConfiguration);
compilationUnit.addClassNode(innerClassNode);
compilationUnit.compile();
}
}
A simple usage of the above:
#WithInnerClass(name = "InnerClass")
public class OuterClass {}
Using the following script, I confirmed that the generated class is accessible through the system class loader.
def classLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()
Class inner = classLoader.loadClass("OuterClass\$InnerClass")
assert inner.simpleName == "InnerClass"
assert OuterClass.declaredClasses.toList().contains(inner)
println OuterClass.InnerClass.class
However, when I attempt to explicitly make use of the class, I receive this error message:
Exception in thread "main" groovy.lang.MissingPropertyException: No such property: InnerClass for class: OuterClass
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeStaticMissingProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:997)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.getProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:1852)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.getProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:1828)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.getProperty(MetaClassImpl.java:3735)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.ClassMetaClassGetPropertySite.getProperty(ClassMetaClassGetPropertySite.java:48)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callGetProperty(AbstractCallSite.java:291)
at main.run(main.groovy:5)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:90)
at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:324)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1208)
at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1017)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokePogoMethod(InvokerHelper.java:914)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.invokeMethod(InvokerHelper.java:897)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper.runScript(InvokerHelper.java:407)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper$runScript.call(Unknown Source)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:45)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:108)
at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:128)
at main.main(main.groovy)
Additionally, attempting to use an import results in this error:
org.codehaus.groovy.control.MultipleCompilationErrorsException: startup failed:
main.groovy: 1: unable to resolve class OuterClass.InnerClass
# line 1, column 1.
import OuterClass.InnerClass
^

It appears that in order to explicitly use a generated class, a couple extra rounds of compilation are required. To make this code run correctly (and even be able to import the generated class), compile in 3 steps.
groovyc WithInnerClass.groovy WithInnerClassTransformation.groovy
groovyc OuterClass.groovy
groovyc main.groovy
WithInnerClass.groovy and WithInnerClassTransformation.groovy must be compiled separately from OuterClass.groovy in order for an OuterClass$InnerClass.class file to be generated.
Additionally, OuterClass.groovy must be compiled separately from main.groovy. While OuterClass$InnerClass.class will appear in the classpath in this case, for reasons I'm not clear on, this is insufficient to be able to explicitly use InnerClass inside of main.groovy. Compiling main.groovy separately, groovyc is able to pull in the "real" class file.

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Maven Project

I have a maven project in the following structure.
TestRun
|
|--src/main/java/com/main/CallAddNumbers.java (Package - Com.main)
|
|--src/test/java/com/test/RunTest.java (package com.test)
and here is the sample program
package com.main;
public class CallAddNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
com.test.AddNumbers.addNumbers(5, 4);
}
}
package com.test;
public class AddNumbers {
public static void addNumbers (int a, int b){
System.out.println(a+b);
}
}
When I am calling addNumbers method from main, I am ending up with the following error. May be something simple, but can't figure it out.
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/test/RunTest
at com.main.CallAddNumbers.main(CallAddNumbers.java:6)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.test.RunTest
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:366)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:425)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:358)
... 1 more

you said it might be something simple, just wanted to check that this is your actual file structure before looking any further!
|
|--src/main/java/com/main/CallAddNumbers.java (Package - com.main)
|
|--src/test/java/com/test/addNumbers.java (package com.test)

Add this import statement to the CallAddNumbers class
import test.java.com.test.AddNumbers;
It will work fine. Btw better dont write production codes in test package

Error occurs while calling Scala code in Java in Eclipse

I would like to call the following Scala code in Java:
Scala code
package calculate
import java.io._
class CalculationScala
object CalculationScala {
def main(args: Array[String]) {
def operate(a: Double, b: Double, op: (Double, Double) => Double): Double = (op(a, b))
println(operate(5, 15, _-_))
}
}
Java code
package calculate;
public class Calculation {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CalculationScala calculationScala = new CalculationScala();
calculationScala.main(args);
}
}
but the following error occurs.
Error
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: scala/Function2
at calculate.CalculationScala.main(CalculationScala.scala)
at calculate.Calculation.main(Calculation.java:79)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: scala.Function2
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:366)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:425)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:358)
... 2 more
How to solve this issue?

It looks like you are missing scala-library.jar on your runtime classpath.

Why can't load inner class? ClassNotFoundException

Why does the following code cause ClassNotFoundException?
public class App02 {
public static class A {
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
try {
System.out.println("A.class.getCanonicalName() = " + A.class.getCanonicalName());
Class c = Class.forName("tests.App02.A"); //error on this line
System.out.println(c.getName());
}
catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Output:
A.class.getCanonicalName() = tests.App02.A
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: tests.App02.A
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:366)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:190)
at tests.App02.main(App02.java:15)

Try Class c = Class.forName("tests.App02$A"). It's not a top-level class, so use $ to locate it.

You need to use $ to access the nested class:
Class c = Class.forName("tests.App02$A");
When you compile your class, you will notice that the nested class is named as: App02$A.class, under package tests. It would make more sense then.

Because you are using a canonical name, but you should use name (A.class.getName()).
In your case you should use Class c = Class.forName("tests.App02$A");

There is a helpful util in commons-lang which support these classes:
org.apache.commons.lang3.ClassUtils.get("tests.App02.A")