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Change JFrame display when JTabbedPane tab is selected

I am trying to make a JFrame display a different JPanel when a specific tab is selected. I have tried adding code to make it add the new panel based on which tab index is selected.
Where am I going wrong with this? What do I need to add to make it work? Thanks.
EDIT
Here is my solved SSCCE:
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class MainPanel {
private static JTabbedPane tabbedPane = new JTabbedPane();
private static JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(MainPanel::createAndShowGUI);
}
protected static void createAndShowGUI()
{
DrawGraphics drawGraphics = new DrawGraphics();
DrawDifferentGraphics drawDifferentGraphics = new DrawDifferentGraphics();
frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.add(tabbedPane, BorderLayout.WEST);
tabbedPane.addTab("CFG", null);
tabbedPane.addTab("CNX", null);
frame.add(drawGraphics);
tabbedPane.addChangeListener(e -> {
if (tabbedPane.getSelectedIndex() == 0) {
frame.remove(drawDifferentGraphics);
frame.add(drawGraphics);
frame.validate();
frame.repaint();
}
if (tabbedPane.getSelectedIndex() == 1) {
frame.remove(drawGraphics);
frame.add(drawDifferentGraphics);
frame.validate();
frame.repaint();
}});
frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);
frame.setSize(400, 400);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
class DrawGraphics extends JPanel {
private ArrayList<Shape> shapes = new ArrayList<Shape>();
public DrawGraphics() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
shapes.add(new Ellipse2D.Double(10, 10, 20, 20));
shapes.add(new Ellipse2D.Double(10, 30, 20, 20));
shapes.add(new Ellipse2D.Double(10, 50, 20, 20));
shapes.add(new Ellipse2D.Double(10, 70, 20, 20));
}
#Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g)
{
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g.create();
g2d.setColor(Color.BLUE);
shapes.forEach(g2d::fill);
g2d.dispose();
}
}
class DrawDifferentGraphics extends JPanel {
private ArrayList<Shape> shapes = new ArrayList<Shape>();
public DrawDifferentGraphics() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
shapes.add(new Rectangle2D.Double(10, 10, 10, 10));
shapes.add(new Rectangle2D.Double(10, 30, 10, 10));
shapes.add(new Rectangle2D.Double(10, 50, 10, 10));
shapes.add(new Rectangle2D.Double(10, 70, 10, 10));
}
#Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g.create();
g2d.setColor(Color.RED);
shapes.forEach(g2d::fill);
g2d.dispose();
}
}

I want to display the graphics on the panel next to the tabbedPane.
Read the section from the Swing tutorial on How to Write a ChangeListener.
You will be notified when a tab has been clicked. You then get the selected tab and add the panel to the frame.
So basically your if (tabbedPane.getSelectedIndex() == 0) logic would be moved to the ChangeListener.
Or instead of having a bunch of "if statement" you could have a Map of Integer/JPanel values. Then you just get the index and get the panel from the Map.
Once you add the panel to the frame you then need to revalidate() and repaint() the frame.
Edit:
Actually the above suggestion is not complete. You can't just keep adding panels to the frame. The CENTER area of the BorderLayout should only contain a single component, otherwise you can get painting problems.
This can be demonstrated by clicking on the unselected tab, and then resize the frame. The original panel will be displayed.
You need to do one of the following:
Use a CardLayout (read the tutorial if you haven't used layout before) on a penel in the CENTER of the BordreLayout. So in this case the panel using the CardLayout is the only component in the CENTER and then it manages the panel that is displayed in the CardLayout. So your ChangeListener would need to identify the card to be displayed. You could set the card identifier to be the text of the selected tab. So
Remove the current panel BEFORE adding the new panel. In this case there is only a single panel in the CENTER so painting is as expected.

Graphics2D on JPanel and adding JPanel to JFrame

I am trying to draw on a JPanel and add it to a JFrame in my createAndShowGui method. I have tried a few different things: creating the JPanel in the createAndShowGui method, adding the drawing to the JFrame, etc... The one thing that is common, I don't see any of my graphics!
Note: I am able to get the graphics to display in a JTabbedPane but not on a JPanel, which is what I actually want them to show up on to make the code more object oriented.
Edit:
Here is the working concept self contained example:
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class DrawPanelMain extends JPanel {
/*
* Variables used to set the value of preferred height and width
*/
public static final double version = 0.0;
JPanel switchPanel = new JPanel();
JPanel testPanel = new JPanel();
JPanel btnPanel = new JPanel();
DrawEllipses drawEllipses = new DrawEllipses(POINT_LIST);
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
initializePointList();
createAndShowGui();
}
});
}
public static java.util.List<Point> POINT_LIST = new ArrayList<>();
/*
* This loop will initialize POINT_LIST with the set of points for drawing the ellipses.
* The for each loop initializes points for the top row and the second for loop draws the
* right triangle.
*/
public static void initializePointList() {
int ellipsePointsYCoordinate[] = {140, 200, 260, 320, 380, 440, 500, 560, 620};
int ellipsePointsXCoordinate[] = {140, 200, 260, 320, 380, 440, 500, 560, 620, 680};
int xx = 80;
for (int aXt : ellipsePointsXCoordinate) {
POINT_LIST.add(new Point(aXt, xx));
}
for (int i = 0; i < ellipsePointsYCoordinate.length; i++) {
for (int j = i; j < ellipsePointsYCoordinate.length; j++) {
POINT_LIST.add(new Point(ellipsePointsXCoordinate[i], ellipsePointsYCoordinate[j]));
}
}
}
public DrawPanelMain() {
testPanel.setBackground(Color.RED);
switchPanel.add(drawEllipses);
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(switchPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
add(testPanel, BorderLayout.EAST);
add(btnPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
getPreferredSize();
btnPanel.add(new JButton(new AddSwitchAction("Add Switch Panel")));
}
public static void createAndShowGui() {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("RF Connection Panel " + version);
frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
frame.add(new DrawPanelMain());
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setLocationByPlatform(false);
//frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
/*
* AddSwitchAction will add a new pane to the tabbedPane when the add switch button is clicked
*/
private class AddSwitchAction extends AbstractAction {
public AddSwitchAction(String name) {
super(name);
int mnemonic = (int) name.charAt(0);
putValue(MNEMONIC_KEY, mnemonic);
}
#Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
int index = 0;
DrawEllipses tabComponent = new DrawEllipses(POINT_LIST);
switchPanel.add(tabComponent, index++);
}
}
}
#SuppressWarnings("serial")
class DrawEllipses extends JPanel {
private final int PREF_W = 750; //Window width
private final int PREF_H = 750; //Window height
private static final int OVAL_WIDTH = 30;
private static final Color INACTIVE_COLOR = Color.RED;
private static final Color ACTIVE_COLOR = Color.green;
private java.util.List<Point> points;
private java.util.List<Ellipse2D> ellipses = new ArrayList<>();
private Map<Ellipse2D, Color> ellipseColorMap = new HashMap<>();
/*
* This method is used to populate "ellipses" with the initialized ellipse2D dimensions
*/
public DrawEllipses(java.util.List<Point> points) {
this.points = points;
for (Point p : points) {
int x = p.x - OVAL_WIDTH / 2;
int y = p.y - OVAL_WIDTH / 2;
int w = OVAL_WIDTH;
int h = OVAL_WIDTH;
Ellipse2D ellipse = new Ellipse2D.Double(x, y, w, h);
ellipses.add(ellipse);
ellipseColorMap.put(ellipse, INACTIVE_COLOR);
}
MyMouseAdapter mListener = new MyMouseAdapter();
addMouseListener(mListener);
addMouseMotionListener(mListener);
}
/*
* paintComponent is used to paint the ellipses
*/
#Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
for (Ellipse2D ellipse : ellipses) {
g2.setColor(ellipseColorMap.get(ellipse));
g2.fill(ellipse);
g2.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(2));
g2.draw(ellipse);
}
/*
* Set the font characteristics, color, and draw the row labels.
*/
g.setFont(new Font("TimesRoman", Font.BOLD, 18));
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
//Along the top row
g.drawString("External Port", 10, 50);
g.drawString("1", 135, 50);
g.drawString("2", 195, 50);
g.drawString("3", 255, 50);
g.drawString("4", 315, 50);
g.drawString("5", 375, 50);
g.drawString("6", 435, 50);
g.drawString("7", 495, 50);
g.drawString("8", 555, 50);
g.drawString("9", 615, 50);
g.drawString("10", 672, 50);
//Along the Y-axis
g.drawString("Radio 2", 40, 145);
g.drawString("3", 90, 205);
g.drawString("4", 90, 265);
g.drawString("5", 90, 325);
g.drawString("6", 90, 385);
g.drawString("7", 90, 445);
g.drawString("8", 90, 505);
g.drawString("9", 90, 565);
g.drawString("10", 90, 625);
//Along the X-Axis
g.drawString("1", 135, 670);
g.drawString("2", 195, 670);
g.drawString("3", 255, 670);
g.drawString("4", 315, 670);
g.drawString("5", 375, 670);
g.drawString("6", 435, 670);
g.drawString("7", 495, 670);
g.drawString("8", 555, 670);
g.drawString("9", 615, 670);
//Draws a 3DRect around the top row of ellipse2D objects
g2.setColor(Color.lightGray);
g2.draw3DRect(120, 60, 580, 40, true);
g2.draw3DRect(121, 61, 578, 38, true);
g2.draw3DRect(122, 62, 576, 36, true);
}
/*
* MouseAdapter is extended for mousePressed Event that detects if the x, y coordinates
* of a drawn ellipse are clicked. If the color is INACTIVE it is changed to ACTIVE and
* vice versa.
*/
private class MyMouseAdapter extends MouseAdapter {
#Override
/*
* When mousePressed event occurs, the color is toggled between ACTIVE and INACTIVE
*/
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
Color c;
for (Ellipse2D ellipse : ellipses) {
if (ellipse.contains(e.getPoint())) {
c = (ellipseColorMap.get(ellipse) == INACTIVE_COLOR) ? ACTIVE_COLOR : INACTIVE_COLOR;
ellipseColorMap.put(ellipse, c);
}
}
repaint();
}
}
/*
* This method will set the dimensions of the JFrame equal to the preferred H x W
*/
#Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
if (isPreferredSizeSet()) {
return super.getPreferredSize();
}
return new Dimension(PREF_W, PREF_H);
}
}

switchPanel.add(title, tabComponent);
By default a JPanel uses a FlowLayout which respects the preferred size of the component. The preferred size of your component is (0, 0) so there is nothing to paint. Also, you are using the "title" string which is incorrect (and obsolete as has already been mentioned). That string represents a constraint for the layout manager. You can't just make up a String value. In any case FlowLayout does not accept any contraints so you should just be using:
switchPanel.add(tabComponent);
I am trying to draw on a JPanel
When doing custom painting you need to override the getPreferredSize() of the panel so the layout manager can use the information. If you don't override this method then the size is (0, 0) so there is nothing to paint.
Edit:
First some general comments:
Don't hardcode sizes of the panel. Your hardcoded size of (1200 x 750) is too large for my monitor. If you want full screen then use frame.setExtendedState(JFrame.MAXIMIZED_BOTH);
Post code that you are actually testing. As has already been mentioned your posted code doesn't even add the "switchPanel" to the frame.
You haven't updated the code to show how you override the getPreferredSize() method.
Finally, I see in your code that you add the panel dynamically to the visible GUI. In this case the general code should be:
panel.add(....);
panel.revalidate(); // to invoke the layout manager otherwise size is still (0, 0)
panel.repaint();

You are adding DrawEllipses instances to switchPanel using an obsolete method add(String,Component); you should use something like add(component, index). Also, You don't add switchPanel to anything (commented out in DrawPanelMain ctor).

Java buttons on top of graphics in a GUI issue

For my end of the year project, I'm trying to make a game which helps a person study different questions, which are shown in a GUI. Ideally, buttons will be available for the user to press and see if their answer was correct. I have made the basis of the GUI with the variables, the ArrayList <String[]> variable which will hold the questions with their answers, and tried to make buttons.
However, when I try to run the program, the buttons (I only have one in the code shown) are cut off and I am unable to place them where they properly belong. Please help!
Somebody please show me a solution that actually has been tested and works! I can't seem to get it based off what has been posted for me so far!
Here's what it looks like when I run it:
And here's all of the program's code:
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.geom.Line2D;
import java.util.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class EuroGUI extends JPanel {
//Instantiate necessary variables.
ArrayList <String[]> questions = new ArrayList <String[]>(); //Stores (Question + Answers, Correct Answer)
int width = 1280; //GUI Size
int height = 720; // ^
int correct = 0; //Number of correct answers
int attempted = 0; //Number of questions attempted
int streak = 0; //Number of correct answers in a row
int points = 0; //Points accumulated
Font title = new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, 60);
Font statsTitle = new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, 45);
Font sig = new Font("Mistral", Font.PLAIN, 45);
//Drop down options stuff
JMenu ddMenu = new JMenu("Select an option");
String[] dropDown = new String[] {"A", "B", "C", "D", "E"};
String completion = "starting"; //Determines if the first time repainting
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in); //Make a keyboard object to test stuff
public static void main(String[]args){ //Main Runner
EuroGUI g = new EuroGUI();
g.setUpScreen();
g.repaint();
}
public void setUpScreen() { //Create the physical GUI, which paints all graphics
//Used http://www.mathcs.emory.edu/~cheung/Courses/377/Syllabus/8-JDBC/GUI/Progs/Layout1.java for buttons
//Create actual GUI window and graphics.
//Create actual GUI window and graphics.
JFrame f = new JFrame("AP European History Study Tool");
JPanel panelGrid = new JPanel();
panelGrid.setLayout(new GridLayout());
setLayout(null);
JPanel panelBorder = new JPanel();
panelBorder.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
JButton xA = new JButton("Choice A");
panelGrid.add(xA, "West");
panelBorder.setLocation(500,500);
f.getContentPane().add(panelBorder);
f.setResizable(false);
f.setVisible(true);
f.setSize(width, height);
f.setBackground(Color.lightGray);
f.add(this);
}
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { //Draws information on the GUI (Found information on graphics 2D at http://www.tutorialspoint.com/javaexamples/gui_line.htm)
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) (g);
//Draw a background box which will cover anything that was not re-painted over.
g.setColor(Color.lightGray);
g.fillRect (0, 1280, 0, 720);
//Title "interface"
//Change color back for the lines;
g.setColor(Color.blue);
//Enable bolder lines.
g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(6));
//Create a box of lines around the title.
g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(200, 0, 200, 120));
g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(200, 120, 1070, 120));
g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(1070, 0, 1070, 120));
g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(200, 0, 1070, 0));
//Fill in box with title with some colors :)
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.fillRect (200, 0, 870, 120);
//Write title
g2.setFont(title);
g.setColor(Color.cyan);
g.drawString("AP European History Study Tool", 240, 80);
g.setColor(Color.black);
g.drawString("AP European History Study Tool", 238, 78);
//Signiature on Title
g.setColor(Color.white);
g2.setFont(sig);
g.drawString("by My Name", 600, 120);
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.drawString("by My Name", 598, 118);
//Statistics Bar Outline
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(1000, 170, 1000, 670));
g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(1000, 170, 1280, 170));
g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(1280, 170, 1280, 670));
g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(1000, 670, 1280, 670));
g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(6));
g.setColor(Color.black);
g.fillRect (1000, 170, 1280, 500);
g.setColor(Color.green); //Underline
g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(2));
g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(1055, 230, 1215, 230));
g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(6));
//Overall Score
g2.setFont(statsTitle);
g2.setColor(Color.green);
g.drawString("Statistics", 1055, 220);
g2.setColor(Color.cyan);
g.drawString(correct + "/" + attempted + " Correct", 1035, 285);
//Streak
if (streak >= 3)
{
g2.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawString(streak + " Streak", 1060, 340);
}
else{
g2.setColor(Color.cyan);
g.drawString(streak + " Streak", 1060, 340);
}
if (completion.equals("starting")){
}
}
}

This is a symptom of breaking the paint chain.
Graphics is a shared resources, that is, the same Graphics context is used to paint all the components within a paint cycle.
One of the jobs of paintComponent is to prepare the Graphics context for painting by clearing it before anything is painted to it.
So instead of...
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { //Draws information on the GUI (Found information on graphics 2D at http://www.tutorialspoint.com/javaexamples/gui_line.htm)
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) (g);
Try using
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { //Draws information on the GUI (Found information on graphics 2D at http://www.tutorialspoint.com/javaexamples/gui_line.htm)
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) (g);
Pixel perfect layouts are an illusion in modern UIs. You don't control factors like font metrics, dpi or rendering pipelines which all effect the amount of space individual components might need. Instead you should make use of appropriate layout managers and consider using compound layouts to produce more complex solutions
Updated with example
There are a number of things wrong, the main problem is, panelGrid isn't been added to anything. The null layout manager is also not helping.
You're also focusing all your efforts into a single panel, which is going to make life messy.
Instead, try separating each section into its own component and focus on there individual needs, you'll find it much easier to manage in the long run.
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.Insets;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
import javax.swing.border.CompoundBorder;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.border.LineBorder;
import javax.swing.border.MatteBorder;
public class Example {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Example();
}
public Example() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.add(new HeaderPane(), BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(new StatisticsPane(), BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(new QuestionPane());
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
public class HeaderPane extends JPanel {
public HeaderPane() {
setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
gbc.gridx = 1;
gbc.gridy = 0;
gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.SOUTH;
// gbc.ipadx = 100;
NamePane namePane = new NamePane();
FontMetrics fm = namePane.getFontMetrics(namePane.getFont());
add(namePane, gbc);
gbc.insets = new Insets(0, 0, fm.getDescent(), 0);
gbc.gridx = 0;
gbc.gridwidth = 2;
gbc.ipadx = 10;
gbc.ipady = 10;
gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.CENTER;
add(new TitlePane(), gbc);
}
public class ShadowLabel extends JPanel {
private String text;
private Color shadowColor;
private int shadowOffset;
public ShadowLabel(String text, Color shadowColor) {
this.text = text;
this.shadowColor = shadowColor;
this.shadowOffset = 2;
}
public int getShadowOffset() {
return shadowOffset;
}
public void setShadowOffset(int shadowOffset) {
this.shadowOffset = shadowOffset;
}
#Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
FontMetrics fm = getFontMetrics(getFont());
return new Dimension(fm.stringWidth(getText()), fm.getHeight());
}
public String getText() {
return text;
}
public Color getShadowColor() {
return shadowColor;
}
public void setText(String text) {
this.text = text;
repaint();
}
public void setShadowColor(Color shadowColor) {
this.shadowColor = shadowColor;
repaint();
}
#Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
g.setFont(getFont());
FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
int x = (getWidth() - fm.stringWidth(getText())) / 2;
int y = (getHeight() - fm.getHeight()) / 2;
g.setColor(getShadowColor());
g.drawString(getText(), x + getShadowOffset(), y + getShadowOffset() + fm.getAscent());
g.setColor(getForeground());
g.drawString(getText(), x, y + fm.getAscent());
}
}
public class TitlePane extends ShadowLabel {
public TitlePane() {
super("AP European History Study Tool", Color.CYAN);
setBackground(Color.GREEN);
setBorder(new MatteBorder(0, 1, 1, 1, Color.BLUE));
setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, 60));
}
}
public class NamePane extends ShadowLabel {
public NamePane() {
super("by Me", Color.WHITE);
setForeground(Color.BLUE);
setFont(new Font("Mistral", Font.PLAIN, 45));
setOpaque(false);
}
}
}
public class StatisticsPane extends JPanel {
private JLabel score;
private JLabel streak;
public StatisticsPane() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
setBackground(Color.BLACK);
setBorder(new CompoundBorder(new LineBorder(Color.BLUE), new EmptyBorder(4, 4, 4, 4)));
JLabel statistics = new JLabel("Statistics");
statistics.setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, 45));
statistics.setForeground(Color.GREEN);
statistics.setBorder(new CompoundBorder(new MatteBorder(0, 0, 1, 0, Color.GREEN), new EmptyBorder(4, 4, 4, 4)));
add(statistics, BorderLayout.NORTH);
score = new JLabel("0/0 correct");
score.setForeground(Color.GREEN);
score.setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, 45));
streak = new JLabel("0 streak");
streak.setForeground(Color.GREEN);
streak.setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, 45));
JPanel pnl = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
pnl.setOpaque(false);
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
gbc.gridx = 0;
gbc.gridy = 0;
pnl.add(score, gbc);
gbc.gridy++;
gbc.weighty = 1;
gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.NORTH;
pnl.add(streak, gbc);
add(pnl);
}
}
public class QuestionPane extends JPanel {
public QuestionPane() {
setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
JButton xA = new JButton("Choice A");
add(xA, gbc);
}
}
}
I would also separate the management of the data and the UI, so that the data is managed by some kind of model or models which can respond to changes in the UI and visa-versa. This means that your UI becomes a visual representation of your data model and allows the two to decouple and work independently from each other...
Take a look Model–view–controller for more details. Note: Swing uses a version of this, but it's more like Model-View and Controller
You should also take a look at Creating a GUI With JFC/Swing to see how you make better use of the ready made components available in Swing

You did not set up your Layout properly. Might not be exactly what you are looking for but if you change from a FlowLayout to a BorderLayout it seems to fix your issue. Also you don't use panel2 anywhere in you code so you can remove it.
public void setUpScreen() { //Create the physical GUI, which paints all graphics
//Used http://www.mathcs.emory.edu/~cheung/Courses/377/Syllabus/8-JDBC/GUI/Progs/Layout1.java for buttons
//Create actual GUI window and graphics.
JFrame f = new JFrame("AP European History Study Tool");
JPanel panelGrid = new JPanel();
panelGrid.setLayout(new GridLayout());
setLayout(null);
JPanel panelBorder = new JPanel();
panelBorder.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
JButton xA = new JButton("Choice A");
panelGrid.add(xA, "West");
panelBorder.setLocation(500,500);
f.getContentPane().add(panelBorder);
f.setResizable(false);
f.setVisible(true);
f.setSize(width, height);
f.setBackground(Color.lightGray);
f.add(this);
}

How to make 3D rounded corner JLabel in Java?

I know there is a way to extend a JLabel to paint 3D borders and a way to paint round borders, but how do you get both? Here is my code
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
g.setColor(getBackground());
g.fillRoundRect(0, 0, getWidth()-1, getHeight()-1, 25, 25);
g.fill3DRect(10, 10, 30, 30, true);
super.paintComponent(g);

Use LineBorder with rounded corners or a variant of the TextBubbleBorder.

You refer this code to create Round Corner JLabel:
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;
public class RoundedLineBorder extends JPanel {
public RoundedLineBorder() {
super(true);
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
JLabel label = new JLabel("Rounded Corners");
label.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
LineBorder line = new LineBorder(Color.blue, 2, true);
label.setBorder(line);
add(label, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
public static void main(String s[]) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Rounded Line Border");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setSize(500, 200);
frame.setContentPane(new RoundedLineBorder());
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

how to make java JPanel and graphics2d transparent?

Well the title is quite self explanatory. I want to build two panels one on-top of each other in layers using java. I want the top layer to contain a JPanel which will contain a graphics2d object. I'd like both the JPanel and graphics2d to have transparent background (I still want the content drawn by the graphics2d visible). Does anyone have an idea how it can be done?

Call setOpaque(false) on the JPanel - that will not paint the JPanel's background.
Depending on what method you're overriding to get at the Graphics2D (JPanel's don't contain a Graphics2D object like a component - a Graphics2D object is used to paint the JPanel) - if it's paintComponent() you should read the JavaDocs for JComponent - and call super.paintComponent(g) first so that opacity is honored - and then do the rest of your painting.
Working example:
package com.stackoverflow.opaque;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
public class OpaqueExample extends JFrame {
private JLayeredPane layers;
private JPanel up, down;
private JButton toggleOpaque;
public OpaqueExample() {
layers = new JLayeredPane();
down = new JPanel();
down.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
down.setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
layers.add(down, new Integer(1));
up = new JPanel() {
public void paintComponent(Graphics og) {
super.paintComponent(og);
Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D)og;
GradientPaint gradient = new GradientPaint(0, 0, Color.BLUE, 10, 0,
Color.WHITE, true );
Polygon poly = new Polygon();
poly.addPoint(10, 10);
poly.addPoint(100, 50);
poly.addPoint(190, 10);
poly.addPoint(150, 100);
poly.addPoint(190, 190);
poly.addPoint(100, 150);
poly.addPoint(10, 190);
poly.addPoint(50, 100);
poly.addPoint(10, 10);
g.setPaint(gradient);
g.fill(poly);
g.setPaint(Color.BLACK);
g.draw(poly);
}
};
up.setBackground(Color.RED);
up.setBounds(150, 150, 200, 200);
layers.add(up, new Integer(2));
getContentPane().add(layers, BorderLayout.CENTER);
JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
toggleOpaque = new JButton("Toggle Opaque");
toggleOpaque.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
up.setOpaque(!up.isOpaque());
layers.repaint();
}
});
buttonPanel.add(toggleOpaque);
getContentPane().add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.EAST);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame f = new OpaqueExample();
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
f.setSize(500, 500);
f.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
}