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Unable to run headless selenium on heroku with javascript enabled

I am trying to scrape some twitter data with headless selenium running in a Spring Boot application on Heroku. The following 2 buildpacks are included in my Heroku app:
1) https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-chromedriver.git
2) https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-google-chrome.git
These two buildpacks are designed for running headless selenium in a heroku app.
After the selenium script enters my twitter login data and hit the login button, my script keeps crashing. Why? I examined the page source and found the following hint from twitter:
We've detected that JavaScript is disabled in your browser. Would you
like to proceed to legacy Twitter?
So obviously javascript seems to be disabled which is very bad. And i don't want to proceed in legacy mode (without javascript).
When initializing the webdriver, i tried the following two options to make sure javascript is enabled. But it seems to be ignored:
Option 1)
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
chromeOptions.addArguments("--headless", "--enable-javascript");
WebDriver webdriver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
Option 2)
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
chromeOptions.addArguments("--headless");
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setJavascriptEnabled(true);
capabilities.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, chromeOptions);
WebDriver webdriver = ChromeDriver(capabilities);
Any ideas?

I had a similar problem. I solved it by removing some options.
This is my driver options (python) currently:
options = Options()
options.binary_location = os.getenv("GOOGLE_CHROME_BIN")
options.add_argument("--headless")
options.add_argument("--disable-gpu")
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
options.add_argument("--window-size=1920x1080")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path=os.getenv("CHROMEDRIVER_PATH"))

Can I run Selenium using geckodriver without a webpage detecting marionette?

I want to use FirefoxDriver with Selenium but I keep getting detected by webpages. When I add the following code
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "../../../../../../../usr/bin/geckodriver");
FirefoxOptions opt = new FirefoxOptions();
opt.setCapability("marionette", false);
driver = new FirefoxDriver(opt);
The webpages cant't detect I'm using geckodriver but I can't use Selenium automation and that's my problem. I need the automation without detection.
QUESTIONS:
Can I change the setCapabilites on/off while the driver is running?
Is it easier to do this using ChromeDriver?

Using FirefoxDriver with Selenium but getting detected is quite common now as:
Selenium identifies itself
You can find a detailed discussion in How to make Selenium script undetectable using GeckoDriver and Firefox through Python?
Marionette
As per the documentation, Marionette, is the automation driver for Mozilla’s Gecko engine. It can remotely control the UI and the internal JavaScript of a Gecko platform, such as Mozilla Firefox. It can control both the chrome (i.e. menus and functions) or the content (the webpage loaded inside the browsing context), giving a high level of control and ability to replicate user actions. In addition to performing actions on the browser, Marionette can also read the properties and attributes of the DOM. Now, marionette shares much of the same API as Selenium/WebDriver, with additional commands to interact with Gecko’s chrome interface. Its goal is to replicate what Selenium does for web content, i.e. to enable the tester to have the ability to send commands to remotely control a user agent.
We have also discussed in details about Why Firefox requires GeckoDriver? within this thread
Finally, in the discussion Difference between webdriver.firefox.marionette & webdriver.gecko.driver we discussed about initializing Firefox sessions using legacy Firefox 47.x browsers and GeckoDriver enabled Firefox >47.x browsers. The conclusion was when using Firefox browsers > v77.x you have to mandatorily use GeckoDriver which extensively uses the marionette. So configuring marionette as false won't help us out. While using the latest version of geckodriver, selenium and firefox, you have to use the marionette by default.
If you still want to initialise a Firefox browsing session without using marionette you need to configure "marionette" to false as follows:
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "C://path//to//geckodriver.exe");
DesiredCapabilities dc = new DesiredCapabilities();
dc.setCapability("marionatte", false);
FirefoxOptions opt = new FirefoxOptions();
opt.merge(dc);
FirefoxDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(opt);
driver.get("https://stackoverflow.com");
System.out.println("Application opened");
System.out.println("Page Title is : "+driver.getTitle());
driver.quit();
You can find a couple of relevant discussions in:
org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: Unable to find a matching set of capabilities while initiating Firefox v37 through Selenium v3.11.0
selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException: Message: Unable to find a matching set of capabilities with Firefox 46 through Selenium
How can Geckodriver/Firefox work without Marionette? (running python selenium 3 against FF 53)
The other questions:
Can I change the setCapabilites on/off while the driver is running?: The short answer is No, you can't change the capabilites while the session initiated by the webdriver is In Progress and you can find a couple of detailed discussions in:
Change ChromeOptions in an existing webdriver
Set capability on already running selenium webdriver
Is it easier to do this using ChromeDriver?: Again the precise answer is No, ChromeDriver also gets detected and you can find a couple of detailed discussions in:
Is there a version of selenium that is not detectable ? can selenium be truly undetectable?
Webpage Is Detecting Selenium Webdriver with Chromedriver as a bot
Outro
Here you can find a detailed discussion on Which Firefox browser versions supported for given Geckodriver version?

chrome extension - how to invoke webDriver with chrome extension (not in a new tab)

i am trying to open webDriver with chrome extension (Modify header value) using below code
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addExtensions(new File("/path/to/extension.crx"));
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, options);
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(capabilities);
but this code is opening the webDriver instance with the extention in another window can any one know how to invoke it with chrome extension not in a new tab.

You may refer with this thread. Be noted that Selenium supports interaction with web view only. You can check this tutorial on how to test your Chrome Extension with selenium. However, you can also use of sikuli (Automation tool that make use of image recognition), to click the chrome add-on. After that add-on popup will be another browser window, so use switch window to perform actions on add-on popup. Hope this helps!

How can a remote Selenium 2 Webdriver instance accept untrusted certificates?

I am trying to implement some Selenium 2 Webdriver tests with JUnit. The documentation on SeleniumHQ.org and the web is confusing to me because it seems to jump back and forth between Selenium RC and Webdriver. Plus, my Java is not very strong. I've took a few courses years ago, but haven't used it much. I want to have JUnit tests run from a headless CI server, and have Firefox run on a remote client system by using Webdriver.
From what I've gathered, I can use the following code to open a Webdriver-controlled instance of Firefox on my local system. The web site I'm testing has an untrusted SSL/TLS certificate, so I need to tell the Firefox driver to accept untrusted certificates. This works great locally:
FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
profile.setAcceptUntrustedCertificates(true); // NOTE: this is the default behavior
RemoteWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile);
Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseurl);
But I can't figure out how to do this on the remote system using Webdriver. The two approaches seem totally incompatible. The code above does not fit in any way into the following code that I have been using for using Webdriver remotely:
Selenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(host, port, browser, baseurl);
selenium.start();
Now, I have spent many hours working with custom Firefox profiles on the remote test system. It worked in the summer of 2012, but after recent OS and browser updates, it stopped working. It seems much better to create the Firefox driver profile and call setAcceptUntrustedCertificates(true). Is it possible to use Webdriver to run tests in a browser on a remote system and also have the browser ignore untrusted SSL/TLS certificates?

As mentioned in your question, you don't need to set any property for accepting untrusted certificates explicitly. By default webdriver accepts untrusted certificates. Rather than using a webdriverbacked selenium, you should use the remotewebdriver directly like:
Webdriver wd = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub"), DesiredCapabilities.firefox());
Here http://localhost:4444/wd/hub is the URL of the Hub to which tests should be send for execution. When you start the tests, hub will look for remote nodes that have registered with firefox capability.
Personally I would suggest to read documentation at http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/Grid2 rather than seleniumhq.org. As far as I know, selenium team is trying to get the seleniumhq documentation updated. You can also contribute to it :)

First of all i will recommend sticking to webdriver if you are using webdriver backed selenium just for profile. You can define profile to be used on your local machine as
File file = new File("firebug-1.8.1.xpi");
FirefoxProfile firefoxProfile = new FirefoxProfile();
firefoxProfile.addExtension(file);
firefoxProfile.setPreference("extensions.firebug.currentVersion", "1.8.1");
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(firefoxProfile);
To Answer Your Question: I will quote Simon Stewart's solution from here:
FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
profile.setAcceptUntrustedCertificates(true);
DesiredCapabilities caps = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
caps.setCapability(FirefoxDriver.PROFILE, profile);
Use this profile to create the remote driver.
Now if this doesn't work than may be we can write-up a bug (or at least a feature request).
post edit: I can not really test this solution as I dont have a cert issue site readily available. So in a way I would be looking towards you feedback to get the real picture... :)

When I asked this question, I didn't understand the distinction between Selenium objects and WebDriver objects. Even though I was specifically trying to learn about Selenium 2's "WebDriver" feature, I foolishly thought that I could write a "Selenium 2 Webdriver" project with Selenium 2 objects. That may sound obvious to someone who has experience with these tools, but that distinction was still not clear in my mind after reading "Selenium 2" books and project documentation.
As I result, I was writing Java code to instantiate a Selenium object to examine a web page, and trying to pass the Selenium object a WebDriver object, in the hope that the test would run on a remote server.
Now it seems clearer: The Selenium and WebDriver projects merged into a new umbrella project named (confusingly) Selenium 2.0, but they are distinct and separate tools within Selenium 2. If I want to use the WebDriver API, it seems that I must convert any existing Selenium objects to WebDriver objects. There appears to be no useful interaction between the two tools.
For example, in my project I had the following code. It ran great on my local desktop system's web browser:
Selenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(host, port, browser, baseurl);
selenium.get(urlPath);
selenium.type(username_field, username);
selenium.type(password_field, password);
selenium.click(login_button);
But I want to be able to run that test on a headless continuous integration server, not my desktop system. I have converted the code to use a WebDriver object instead of a Selenium object. Now it runs on a remote system connected to a Selenium Grid 2 server:
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL("http://10.0.0.29:4444/wd/hub"), capability);
driver.get(urlPath);
driver.findElement(By.name(username_field)).sendKeys(username);
driver.findElement(By.name(password_field)).sendKeys(password);
driver.findElement(By.className(login_button)).submit();
I hope other people wanting to learn how to use WebDriver in Selenium 2 will not waste as much time as I did reading about Selenium objects, thinking that the Selenium object is part of WebDriver. My current [n00b] advice is to ignore anything that mentions Selenium objects, and focus purely on finding out as much as you can about WebDriver objects. A good place to start is the WebDriver documentation at SeleniumHQ.org:
http://seleniumhq.org/docs/03_webdriver.jsp#webdriver-and-the-selenium-server
As A.J. suggested in his answer, also take a look at the Selenium Grid documentation:
http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/Grid2
And PS: a remote Selenium 2 Webdriver instance accepts untrusted SSL/TLS certificates automatically, by default. No code required.

Accepting "Sharing Location" browser popups through Selenium WebDriver

I've Googled, searched SO, and looked at the Selenium Javadocs but haven't found an answer to this question.
Is there any way, using Selenium WebDriver, to accept those "Share Location" popups that get displayed by browsers (Chrome, Firefox, IE) when a website is trying to track your location?
Also, I'm writing up my Selenium code in Java and using the Selenium Client Drivers.
I've tried running the Selenium IDE (the Firefox add-on) and recording me accepting the "Share Location" popup that Firefox popsup but nothing gets recorded in the Selenium IDE.

If the popup is part of the browser then the answer is no. If you want to interact with something displayed in a second window ( not part of the browser) then yes. There should be a .switch_to method.
Although if you can have this page remember your settings you can load a profile when you create a new instance of the browser.
In windows you can create a profile in firefox by going to the start menu and typing "firefox.exe -p" here you can create a new profile where you you would have a "remember me check box" checked.
As far as loading a profile in Java + Selenium I'm not sure how you would do this. I use Ruby + Selenium and this is how I do it.
$driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, :profile => "MyProfile"
hope this helps

I have got the solution to this in firefox but still working on chrome. The below code should help and fetch your exact location on maps:
ProfilesIni profile = new ProfilesIni();
FirefoxProfile myprofile = profile.getProfile("default");
myprofile.setPreference("geo.prompt.testing", true);
myprofile.setPreference("geo.prompt.testing.allow", true);
myprofile.setPreference("geo.wifi.uri", "https://location.services.mozilla.com/v1/geolocate?key=%MOZILLA_API_KEY%");
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
capabilities.setCapability(FirefoxDriver.PROFILE,myprofile);
After this just pass the FirefoxProfile instance in the driver method just as below(for the above code):
driver = new FirefoxDriver(myprofile);
That should be fine, write all the other stuff you want and execute!!