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System.getenv("TEST_HOME") is returning null

I am working on a ubuntu 14.0.4 machine.
I exported a variable TEST_HOME in my .bashrc file using
export TEST_HOME=/home/dev/code/test
When I tried echo $TEST_HOME from terminal, it returned /home/dev/code/test
So far, so good.
When I try from Java code :
String value = System.getenv("TEST_HOME");
value is null.
Am I missing something here?

Mentioning the variable in .bashrc will work only for programs started from shell. For system wide environment variables mention it in /etc/environment.
Refer Ubuntu Environment variables

.bashrc would set environment variable only for bash shell. To set it system wide set it in /etc/environment file.
Since you are using eclipse, and it does not run within bash shell, it is not getting the variable you are setting. If you run your programme using java command line in your terminal then it should get it.
Setting variable in /etc/environment would make it available to eclipse. You will need to restart your machine once you update /etc/environment.

Why JAVA_HOME not recognized by tomcat7 in Ubuntu?

I have installed tomcat7 on my Ubuntu machine. When I try to restart the server I get message to set JAVA_HOME but it is set in .bashrc
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/share/tomcat7
Error:
omkars#<ubuntu_14.04>:~$ sudo service tomcat7 restart
[sudo] password for omkars:
* no JDK or JRE found - please set JAVA_HOME
omkars#<ubuntu_14.04>:~$ echo $JAVA_HOME
/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle
What could be missing ?
Thanks.

Now, its working!
Changes I have done are:
changed .bashrc as explained in the question.
changed /etc/init.d/tomcat7 to point to oracle Java8 which is missing here!
JDK_DIRS="/usr/lib/jvm/default-java ${OPENJDKS} /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle **/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle**"
Then,
root#omkars-Dell-System-Inspiron-N4110:~# sudo service tomcat7 restart
* Starting Tomcat servlet engine tomcat7 [ OK ]
Got a hint from this page:
https://mifosforge.jira.com/wiki/display/MIFOSX/Install+Tomcat+7+on+Ubuntu+11.10+for+Mifos+X
Thanks

It seems like the preferred way of handling this is to uncomment the JAVA_HOME entry in /etc/default/tomcat7 and adjust the path accordingly. If you're using the webupd8 repository with the oracle-java8-installer, it's JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle.

It'll need to be set for the user that runs the tomcat service, rather than for your user.
Set it in the system wide profile, somewhere in /etc/profile or /etc/profile.d/, depending on how your machine is configured.

The startup script at /etc/init.d/tomcat7 sources the file /etc/default/rcS before searching for some well-known install locations.
Adding the line JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle to /etc/default/rcS corrects the no JDK or JRE found startup problem without directly modifying the /etc/init.d/tomcat7 script.

You can set an environmental variable in the setenv.sh script. According to the Running The Apache Tomcat 7.0 document:
Apart from CATALINA_HOME and CATALINA_BASE, all environment variables can
be specified in the "setenv" script. The script is placed either into
CATALINA_BASE/bin or into CATALINA_HOME/bin directory and is named
setenv.bat (on Windows) or setenv.sh (on *nix).
So just add the following line to setenv.sh:
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle
This way you are setting the variable locally.

I have that same problem but I solve it by changing
JDK_DIR variable in /etc/init.d/tomcat as follow :
JDK_DIRS="/usr/lib/jvm/default-java ${OPENJDKS} /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle"

Try install Java using the repository of http://www.webupd8.org .
This is for Java 8: http://www.webupd8.org/2012/09/install-oracle-java-8-in-ubuntu-via-ppa.html

My Tomcat is not running it just open and close when I click on tomcat7.exe [closed]

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I am installing Tomcat 7 in my PC it works in Eclipse but when I try to open in bin/ tomcat7.exe it just open and closes, (I am stopping the server in Eclipse). Also, in Eclipse I'am trying to open admin console like URL:(localhost:1234/admin) it shows 404 error. Can anyone who knows this problem explain a solution?

If you are using Windows, you can follow the following to run tomcat7.exe :
Open your Command prompt (cmd)
Set your JAVA_HOME or JRE_HOME. Eg. set JRE_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\jre7
Go to the directory of your tomcat. Eg. cd C:\Program Files\apache-tomcat-7.0.35\bin
Run startup.bat file. Eg. startup.
This should start your tomcat server without using Eclipse.

First Set JAVA_HOME and CLASSPath path
For Windows Java Path Settings
Right click on Computer and open Properties.
In Windows Vista or Windows 7, go to Advanced System Settings.
Else go to next step. Go to Advanced Tab and click on Environment
Variables button.
Select CLASSPath under the list of System Variables, and press Edit and add If CLASSPath not available there click New button add
C:\Program Files\java\jre 1.x.x_xx\bin
after a semicolon.
Now click on New' button under system variables and enter
JAVA_HOME as variable name and path to jdk home directory (ex.
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.x.x_xx
After Completing Java Path Settings
Go to the directory of your Tomcat. Eg. cd C:\Program
Files\apache-tomcat-7.0.35\bin
Run startup.bat file

To start your application server in Windows :
Open command prompt .(Run as Administrator).
Go to the path (..\apache-tomcat-8.0.27\bin) and run startup.bat
A new command prompt opens up and should stay unclosed to tell your server is in running state.
If command prompt opens and closes automatically, then the reason can be as below.
tomcat is already in started state in Eclipse.
Check the connector port configured in server.xml file and check if that port is free in your local machine. [netstat command]
Change the connector port to some unused port, preferably in 80XX series.
Let me know if you are able to invoke localhost:(the http connector port) you have configured in server.xml through you web browser.

You don't start Tomcat by double clicking the exe, use the batch files instead.
startup.bat starts the server, shutdown.bat stops it again.
And ignore the advise to get the service installer. You don't need those unless you want the server to start on system boot and run in the background. Which you don't want unless you're going to configure a production server, which you aren't here.
The batch files are in the same directory on your computer as the exe.

you have to set JAVA_HOME and JRE_HOME in System environment.while setting the JAVA_HOME and JRE_HOME, you should assure that JRE path that you are setting is corresponding to the JDK whose path you have set in JAVA_HOME. some time what happens that there may be more than one JDK in the system so conflict occurs. better to have only one JDK and corresponding JRE.

This is probably due to a bad setup of an environment variable.
For example, if you setup incorrect JAVA_OPTS, tomcat startup will fail.
You can check your configuration by calling : catalina configtest
Here an example of the output for bad setup of JAVA_OPTS :
Error occurred during initialization of VM Could not reserve enough space for object heap
Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine.
Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit.

It works for me after updating the jdk path in JAVA_HOME compatible to your tomcat version in user Variables.

the JAVA_HOME and JRE_HOME environment variables set should not have semicolon or ; at the end...I was facing similar problem...removed semi-colon or ; from the end and tomcat server started from cmd screen after running startup command(of tomcat..bin folder).

I checked environment variables and compiler version everything was fine, deleting junk files from work folder worked for me.

Just download the tomcat 32-bit/64-bit Windows Service Installer (pgp, md5) as in this set up is given which will install tomcat on your PC and you can also start and stop tomcat using the tomcat service.

In my experience tomcat7 might not like it if JAVA_PATH or JDK_PATH contain bracket symbols like in "Program Files (x86)". Make sure you format path in your environmental variables correctly or move your JDK to another folder.

In my case, I had some reference to a jar file in catilana.bat, but the jar I had removed from my system. Tomcat started successfully once I removed that reference from catilana.bat

Check your JRE_HOME location in environment variables. if it didn't work then try
1). Open CMD in administration mode.
2). locate to your tomcat directory.
3). run startup.bat --->> It will show your problem.

Had the same problem with Apache Tomcat 9 version.
Solution is very simple.
Apache Tomcat 9 is supported by Java 8 and later versions. So, I had JRE_HOME with JRE7 path, I binded it to new JRE8 and everything works fine.
Different versions of Apache Tomcat are available for different versions of the Servlet and JSP specifications. The mapping between the specifications and the respective Apache Tomcat versions is:

How can I change Session Persistence in Tomcat 7.X?

I am using Tomcat 7.0 and I found a reference of how to change session savings into the database. But I don't get how to change
org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession.ACTIVITY_CHECK to true
The link that I am referencing is http://www.intelligrape.com/blog/2010/07/21/tomcat-6-session-persistence-through-jdbcstore/
I am using localhost Tomcat 7.X downloaded as zip, MySQL 5.5, STS 3.1(Incuding Eclipse)
Any figuring out?

This is a system property ( http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/systemprops.html ) so to set these you have to specify the -D option. In your case "-Dorg.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession.ACTIVITY_CHECK=true".
But where? Well, System Properties are given to the Java process when it starts. In case of Tomcat you can use a environment variable called $JAVA_OPTS which is given to the Java process on startup. So
export JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Dorg.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession.ACTIVITY_CHECK=true"
and then run Tomcat. For this to persist make sure that the user running catalina.sh has this environment variable always set.

add below line in catalina.bat just after where you found other JAVA OPTS already being set.
set "JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% -Dorg.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession.ACTIVITY_CHECK=true"
e.g.
rem Register custom URL handlers
rem Do this here so custom URL handles (specifically 'war:...') can be used in the security policy
set "JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources"
set "JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% -Dorg.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession.ACTIVITY_CHECK=true"

How to set JAVA_HOME for multiple Tomcat instances?

I have 2 Java Web Projects. One runs on JDK 1.5 and the other runs on JDK 1.6. I want to run both of them on the same computer, but the JAVA_HOME environment variable can only have one value. I want to set JAVA_HOME for each Tomcat server.

place a setenv.sh in the the bin directory with
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_43/
JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_43/jre
or an other version your running.

One thing that you could do would be to modify the catalina.sh (Unix based) or the catalina.bat (windows based).
Within each of the scripts you can set certain variables which only processes created under the shell will inherit. So for catalina.sh, use the following line:
export JAVA_HOME="intented java home"
And for windows use
set JAVA_HOME="intented java home"

If you are a Windows user, put the content below in a setenv.bat file that you must create in Tomcat bin directory.
set JAVA_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.x
If you are a Linux user, put the content below in a setenv.sh file that you must create in Tomcat bin directory.
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.x

Also, note that there shouldn't be any space after =:
set JAVA_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_27

You can add setenv.sh in the the bin directory with:
export JAVA_HOME=$(readlink -f /usr/bin/java | sed "s:bin/java::")
and it will dynamically change when you update your packages.

In UNIX I had this problem, I edited catalina.sh manually and entered
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.24
echo "Using JAVA_HOME: $JAVA_HOME"
as the first 2 lines. I tried setting the JAVA_HOME in /etc/profile but it did not help.
This worked finally.

I think this is a best practice (You may be have many Tomcat instance in same computer, you want per Tomcat instance use other Java Runtime Environment):
This is manual inside file: catalina.sh
# JRE_HOME Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
# Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty. If JRE_HOME and JAVA_HOME
# are both set, JRE_HOME is used.

Linux based Tomcat6 should have /etc/tomcat6/tomcat6.conf
# System-wide configuration file for tomcat6 services
# This will be sourced by tomcat6 and any secondary service
# Values will be overridden by service-specific configuration
# files in /etc/sysconfig
#
# Use this one to change default values for all services
# Change the service specific ones to affect only one service
# (see, for instance, /etc/sysconfig/tomcat6)
#
# Where your java installation lives
#JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0"
# Where your tomcat installation lives
CATALINA_BASE="/usr/share/tomcat6"
...

I had the same problem my OS is windows 8 and I am using Tomcat 8,
I just edited the setclasspath.bat file in bin folder and set JAVA_HOME and JRE_HOME
like this...
#echo off
...
...
set "JRE_HOME=%ProgramFiles%\Java\jre8"
set "JAVA_HOME=%ProgramFiles%\Java\jdk1.7.0_03"
...
...
and it works fine for me now......

For Debian distro we can override the setting via defaults
/etc/default/tomcat6
Set the JAVA_HOME pointing to the java version you want.
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64

Just a note...
If you add that code to setclasspath.bat or setclasspath.sh, it will actually be used by all of Tomcat's scripts you could run, rather than just Catalina.
The method for setting the variable is as the other's have described.

I think you only need add in startup.sh or startup.bat the set JAVA_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-19
After check...