i am trying to calculate seconds between two LocalDates.
Now this is actually giving me a hard time as this code snippet is
not working that well:
long seconds = lastRefreshPoint.until(systemTime, ChronoUnit.SECONDS);
This gives me the Exception:
java.time.temporal.UnsupportedTemporalTypeException: Unsupported unit: Minutes
I cant really find any other way to do this on the Internet.
It would be nice if you could help me!
Thanks in advance
Okay, here my comment as answer together with some details about the reasons of the behaviour observed.
Summarizing:
This does not make any sense since a calendar date does not know anything about hours, minutes or seconds. The lowest supported unit must be the day. See also the API of Java-8-class LocalDate:
If the unit is a ChronoUnit then the query is implemented here. The
supported units are: •DAYS •WEEKS •MONTHS •YEARS •DECADES
•CENTURIES •MILLENNIA •ERAS All other ChronoUnit instances will
return false.
Reasons:
While someone can imagine to implement the difference in seconds between two connecting days as 86400 seconds (ignoring zone effects or leap seconds), it would not be a good idea. If the API designers had decided to support the between-arithmetic then they should also have decided to support adding of seconds to a date. But here the problem starts:
date + 86400 secs = next date
But what is date + 123 secs???
The support for units more precise than a day in the class LocalDate would cause inconsistencies which cannot be cured.
The Answer by Hochschild is correct and should be accepted.
LocalDate::atStartOfDay
To make a date-time value from your date-only value, go with the first moment of the day. Doing that requires a time zone. For any given moment, the date can vary around the globe by zone.
Do not assume the day starts at time 00:00:00. Because of anomalies such as Daylight Saving Time, the day may begin at a time such as 01:00:00.
ZoneId z = ZoneId.of( "America/Montreal" );
ZonedDateTime zdt = myLocalDate.atStartOfDay( z );
Then proceed with calculating elapsed time.
Duration d = Duration.of( zdtStart , zdtStop );
long seconds = d.getSeconds();
I am posting this myself as this was posted as a comment and not as an answer:
This does not make any sense since a calendar date does not know
anything about hours, minutes or seconds. The lowest supported unit
must be the day.
-- Meno Hochschild
This pretty much hits the point.
Thanks a lot, Meno Hochschild
Related
How do I get java time millis in UTC ignoring the minutes and seconds.
For instance :
If it is October 10 2019, 1:10:59 AM , it should get the Time or millis for
October 10 2019, 1 AM.
Summary:
Instant
.now()
.truncatedTo(
ChronoUnit.HOURS
)
.toEpochMilli()
1570600800000
java.time, the modern Java date and time API has got exactly the method you need: many of the classes have a truncatedTo method for needs like yours.
Instant now = Instant.now();
System.out.println("Rough milliseconds: " + now.toEpochMilli());
Instant currentWholeHour = now.truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.HOURS);
System.out.println("Milliseconds ignoring minutes and seconds: "
+ currentWholeHour.toEpochMilli());
When running this snippet just now the output was:
Rough milliseconds: 1570604053787
Milliseconds ignoring minutes and seconds: 1570600800000
I know very well that the first line is what you asked not to have. I only included it for you to see the difference.
The truncation happens in UTC. If you are in a time zone whose offset is not a whole number of hours from UTC, the results may not be as you had expected. Examples of such time zones include Asia/Kathmandu, America/St_Johns some of the year also Australia/Lord_Howe.
Link: Oracle tutorial: Date Time
You can use LocalDate#atTime:
LocalDate.now().atTime(LocalDateTime.now().getHour(), 0, 0);
This will give you current date with hour and minutes and seconds set to 0.
And to get milliseconds in UTC:
LocalDate.now().atTime(LocalDateTime.now().getHour(), 0, 0).toInstant(ZoneOffset.UTC).toEpochMilli();
Jon Skeet notices, that calling now might give unexpected results in corner cases. To be sure, we can call it once and then convert it to LocalDate with mentioned solution:
var currentTime = LocalDateTime.now();
var currentDate = currentTime.toLocalDate();
Or the other way around - get LocalDate first and use LocalDate#atStartOfDay.
Given that you're interested in UTC milliseconds, and there are a whole number of milliseconds per hour, you can do this with simple arithmetic. For most calendrical computations I really wouldn't recommend that, but in this case I think it's the simplest approach. Something like this:
private static final long MILLISECONDS_PER_HOUR = TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(1);
// Injecting a clock makes the method testable. You can use Clock.systemUTC()
// for the system clock.
public static long truncateMillisToHour(Clock clock) {
long millisSinceEpoch = clock.millis();
// Truncate to the nearest hour
long hoursSinceEpoch = millisSinceEpoch / MILLISECONDS_PER_HOUR;
// Then multiply up again
return hoursSinceEpoch * MILLISECONDS_PER_HOUR;
}
Note that if the clock is for before the epoch, this will round up to the nearest hour, but if you're taking the genuine "current time" then that's unlikely to be a problem.
(I wrote this answer before seeing Ole V.V.'s answer with truncatedTo, which is a very nice approach.)
I want to get a difference in hours between a current time in a specific timezone and UTC time. I tried this:
LocalTime time = LocalTime.now();
System.out.println(time); //21:05:42:764
LocalTime utcTime = LocalTime.now(ZoneId.of("UTC"));
System.out.println(utcTime); //18:05:42:769
System.out.println(Duration.between(utcTime, time).getSeconds()/3600); //2
System.out.println(Duration.between(time, utcTime).getSeconds()/3600); //-3
Why is the difference between the last two results and are there better ways to do it? I need to get the number 3.
Why is the difference between the last two results
The reason that you're getting different results for the two computed durations is a combination of the fact that there is some tiny amount of time elapsed between the two recordings and the fact that the duration start time is included in the range but the duration end time is not.
Consider these times instead: 6:00:00:001 vs 8:00:00:000. Here it is very obvious that we're only exactly one millisecond off of two hours, but when we think about seconds we're either going to get 7199 or -7200. When we then do integer math (i.e. divide by 3600), we're going to get 1 or -2.
If it weren't for the one extra millisecond on the first timestamp, the absolute value of the two would be identical.
Duration is the wrong class. There is zero duration between "now" in one time zone and "now" in another. For a fun but memorable way to think about this, see here.
You appear to be seeking to know the current offset from UTC for a given time zone. You can use the ZonedDateTime class for that:
ZonedDateTime zdt = ZonedDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Kolkata"));
ZoneOffset offset = zdt.getOffset();
int offsetMinutes = offset.getTotalSeconds() / 60;
double offsetHours = ((double) offsetMinutes) / 60;
System.out.println(offsetHours); // 5.5
You could also just use ZonedDateTime.now() on the first line, if you want to use the computer's current time zone.
With regard to LocalTime - that is just the time portion (hours, minutes, seconds, and smaller). Since there is no date associated, you can't necessarily determine which time zone offset it belongs to. There is more than one date that "today" going on at any given moment. Time zone offsets range from UTC-12 to UTC+14, so there are indeed values where the same time of day is happening on two different dates somewhere on the planet.
As an example, 08:00:00 in Hawaii (Pacific/Honolulu) on 2019-01-01 is also 08:00:00 in Kiribati (Pacific/Kiritimati), but on 2019-01-02 - the following date! (Reference here.) Thus, if you had a LocalTime object with 08:00:00 and it was 08:00:00 in one of those two zones, you'd not be able to tell which one it was, or what the corresponding UTC offset should be.
Also, keep in mind that time zone offsets are not limited to whole hours. There are present-day time zones with half-hour and 45-minute offset. Historically, there have been others.
Lastly, keep in mind that an offset is not necessarily enough to identify a time zone. Many time zones share offsets at some points in time, but differ in others. See "Time Zone != Offset" in the timezone tag wiki.
Oh, and about your results getting 2 in one direction and -3 in the other - this is a rounding error due to your integer division. If you print out the seconds value, you'll notice they are one second apart (10799, vs -10800). Dig closer and you'll find that "now" included fractional seconds that were truncated with the getSeconds call. (You called .now() twice, so they were at slightly different times.)
I have two timestamp values. like
Timestamp date1;
Timestamp date2;
Now I want to find no. of days between these two timeStamps like in java
int no_of_days = difference(date2 - date1)
the above codes are just for clarification of the question. just ignore the coding mistakes.
You can use Duration for this (it works for java 8) :
Duration between = Duration.between(date1.toInstant(), date2.toInstant());
int no_of_days = between.get(ChronoUnit.DAYS);
If you are using Java8, it will be much easier. Here's a one way of doing it.
Duration.between(date1.toLocalDateTime(), date2.toLocalDateTime()).toDays();
Other answers given here so far only handle a day unit as fixed amount of 24 hours by using the class java.time.Duration. If you consider your timestamps in the context of daylight saving switching time zones then this is probably not what you want.
During the change from winter to summer time, a calendar day can last only 23 hours (or even 23:30 in some rare cases). And in autumn when switching back to winter time, the calendar days can be more than 24 hours long. So you also need a time zone to handle this situation in order to calculate durations in the correct way.
Suggested solution if your timestamps have been stored in the database coming from instants:
ZonedDateTime zdt1 = date1.toInstant().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());
ZonedDateTime zdt2 = date2.toInstant().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());
long days = java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(zdt1, zdt2);
Of course, you are free to specify any other zone than the system time zone. The result can vary depending on the chosen zone.
Suggested solution if your timestamps have been stored coming from LocalDateTime without any zone context:
LocalDateTime ldt1 = date1.toLocalDateTime();
LocalDateTime ldt2 = date2.toLocalDateTime();
long days = java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(ldt1, ldt2);
Here I still prefer the enum ChronoUnit.DAYS because the type java.time.Duration internally stores seconds and nanoseconds only and is hence rather designed for machine-like timestamps. And another remark: The second solution implicitly uses your system time zone for the conversion from java.sql.Timestamp to LocalDateTime. This is only correct if you also have stored your timestamps that way.
By the way, with a JDBC-4.2-compliant driver, you could also retrieve your java.time-type directly, see also a related post here on SO.
just to verify this: I have this lame and brain dead method to calculate the time zone offset for my current location. I wonder if I need to adjust it when Day Light Saving time comes into question (currently we have Winter Time at my location, CET time zone, so it's hard to verify).
// The local time zone's offset
private int getLocalOffset() {
DateTimeZone defaultZone = DateTimeZone.getDefault();
return defaultZone.getOffset(null) / 1000 / 60 / 60;
}
Thanks for any hint.
Time zones and Daylight Saving Time are a nightmare. You certainly shouldn't take on this task yourself. Let Joda-Time do the heavy lifting.
See this answer to similar question, Using Joda time to get UTC offset for a given date and timezone. The class DateTimeZone offers a getOffset() method.
Example source code in Joda-Time 2.3 in Java 7…
// © 2013 Basil Bourque. This source code may be used freely forever by anyone taking full responsibility for doing so.
org.joda.time.DateTimeZone californiaTimeZone = org.joda.time.DateTimeZone.forID("America/Los_Angeles");
org.joda.time.DateTime now = new org.joda.time.DateTime(californiaTimeZone);
int millisecondOffsetToAddToUtcToGetLocalTime = californiaTimeZone.getOffset( now );
System.out.println( "millisecondOffsetToAddToUtcToGetLocalTime: " + millisecondOffsetToAddToUtcToGetLocalTime );
// Note the casting to doubles to avoid integer truncation. Time zone offsets are NOT always whole hours.
System.out.println( "Offset in decimal hours: " + (double)millisecondOffsetToAddToUtcToGetLocalTime / 1000d / 60d / 60d );
When run at 2013-11-20T01:03:56.464-08:00…
millisecondOffsetToAddToUtcToGetLocalTime: -28800000
millisecondOffsetToAddToUtcToGetLocalTime in hours: -8.0
IMPORTANT That number format -8.0 is incorrect for an offset. Must be either:
-08:00 with the colon and double digits (padded with leading zero).
-08 with leading zero.
Normally, Joda time will take care of DST by itself, so you don't have to worry about it. However, I notice that you are passing null to getOffset(). Given that the time zone offset depends on the date, you really should be passing the date/time at which you are calculating the offset, or you're going to get wrong results.
Also as mentionned in my previous comment: Be aware that some timezones have an offset that isn't a whole number of hours. India for example is at GMT +5:30
Yes, that's fine. To verify that it is correct - instead of passing null pass in a DateTime object to DateTimeZone.getOffset - set the datetime to sometime in summer when you know DST is in effect - you should see the offset value change.
The behaviour that I see is very strange - sometimes LocalDateTime would be equal to ZonedDateTime, other times it will differ by 1 hour or 2 and sometimes it's 30 minutes. All these strange differences depend on the year that I subtract. Can someone explain what's happening? Tried jdk1.8.0_65 and jdk1.8.0_91, MacOS 10.11.5. I work with UTC:
ZoneOffset offset = ZoneOffset.UTC;
Here are some experiments. For 1919 values may differ by nano or milliseconds, which is expected:
assertEquals(
LocalDateTime.now(offset).minusYears(85).toInstant(offset),
ZonedDateTime.now().minusYears(85).withZoneSameInstant(offset).toInstant());
For 1919 it's 1 hour difference:
assertEquals(
LocalDateTime.now(offset).minusYears(86).toInstant(offset),
ZonedDateTime.now().minusYears(86).withZoneSameInstant(offset).toInstant());
Expected :<1930-05-28T20:19:10.383Z>
Actual :<1930-05-28T21:19:10.383Z>
For 1920 it's 2 hours difference:
assertEquals(
LocalDateTime.now(offset).minusYears(95).toInstant(offset),
ZonedDateTime.now().minusYears(95).withZoneSameInstant(offset).toInstant());
Expected :<1921-05-28T20:21:45.094Z>
Actual :<1921-05-28T18:21:45.094Z>
For 1921 again milli or nano seconds difference:
assertEquals(
LocalDateTime.now(offset).minusYears(96).toInstant(offset),
ZonedDateTime.now().minusYears(96).withZoneSameInstant(offset).toInstant());
And the weirdest of all - 1930 year with 30 mins difference:
assertEquals(
LocalDateTime.now(offset).minusYears(97).toInstant(offset),
ZonedDateTime.now().minusYears(97).withZoneSameInstant(offset).toInstant());
Expected :<1919-05-28T20:24:27.345Z>
Actual :<1919-05-28T19:53:08.346Z>
Update
As #Tunaki pointed I had to specify the offset for the ZonedDateTime:
assertEquals(
LocalDateTime.now(offset).minusYears(95).toInstant(offset),
ZonedDateTime.now(offset).minusYears(95).withZoneSameInstant(offset).toInstant());
The problem is that this doesn't know about Time Zones: LocalDateTime.now(offset).minusYears(97).toInstant(offset). There is only offset present. But this knows about the time zone: ZonedDateTime.now().minusYears(97).toInstant()
ZoneId contains information about the place and the time difference at that place. It knows that N years ago in that particular time zone the offset was 2 hours, not 3 as it is now.
ZoneOffset keeps track only about the hours/minutes shift. It doesn't know the history of time changes in a particular country. It just "adds hours".
The suggested (and a little bit incorrect) solution is to let ZonedDateTime to forget about zones and use offset instead: ZonedDateTime.now(offset).minusYears(97). This now would agree with LocalDateTime with the same offset - both would show same incorrect information. But they would agree since both "just add hours" instead of understanding the time difference at that point of history for that place:
ZoneOffset offset = ZoneId.of("Europe/Moscow").getRules().getOffset(Instant.now());
assertEquals(
LocalDateTime.now(offset).minusYears(97).toInstant(offset),
ZonedDateTime.now(offset).minusYears(97).toInstant());
Alternatively we can set the LocalDateTime to show the correct value for that time for that place:
ZonedDateTime zoned = ZonedDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Moscow")).minusYears(97);
ZoneOffset offset = zoned.getOffset();//agrees with history
assertEquals(
LocalDateTime.now().minusYears(97).toInstant(offset),
zoned.toInstant());
PS: This all shows that ZonedDateTime can work differently in different situations - sometimes it knows about time zones, other times it just "adds hours" as you would do with LocalDateTime by setting the offset manually. To me this is a weird implementation. JodaTime probably is still the best Java implementation. At least you don't have to learn it for several days to understand it.
Since no one is answering this...
You have to send in offset when creating the ZonedDateTime as well. Otherwise it will use Clock.systemDefaultZone() and you get a difference in timezones.
ZonedDateTime.now(offset).minusYears(95).withZoneSameInstant(offset).toInstant()