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AES encrypt file in C# and Java

I have encrypted file in C# with this method:
public byte[] Crypt(byte[] filearray, string sKey)
{
AesManaged DES = new AesManaged();
DES.Key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(sKey);
DES.Mode = CipherMode.ECB;
DES.Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7;
ICryptoTransform crypt = DES.CreateEncryptor();
byte[] cipher = crypt.TransformFinalBlock(niz, 0, filearray.Length);
String encryptedText = Convert.ToBase64String(cipher);
return cipher.ToArray();
}
Now I try to decrypt file with Java:
private static byte[] transform(string base64Key, final byte[] fileBytes) throws InvalidKeyException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, NoSuchProviderException
{
final byte[] keyBytes = base64Key.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
final byte[] ivBytes = base64Iv.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
final SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
final IvParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(ivBytes);
byte[] transformedBytes = null;
try
{
Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
final Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS7Padding");;
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keySpec);
transformedBytes = cipher.doFinal(fileBytes);
}
catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException | IllegalBlockSizeException |
BadPaddingException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return transformedBytes;
}
When I try to execute this function I get exception
javax.crypto.BadPaddingException: pad block corrupted
at org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.symmetric.util.BaseBlockCipher$BufferedGenericBlockCipher.doFinal(Unknown Source)
at org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.symmetric.util.BaseBlockCipher.engineDoFinal(Unknown Source)
at javax.crypto.Cipher.doFinal(Cipher.java:2165)

Try using a different padding, for example:
Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/NoPadding");
or
Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
instead of
Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS7Padding");

Could not write JSON: Input length must be multiple of 8 when decrypting with padded cipher

I have followed a guide to simply encrypt and decrypt a string but I can't somehow make it work
I want to have a constant key so I don't need to save it to my database and waste space
I just want to encrypt some personal data not password
do you guys have any idea?
I'm following this guide please it
public String getAction() throws Exception {
String encodedKey = "eightkey";
byte[] key = encodedKey.getBytes();
decodedKey.length, "DES");
SecretKey myDesKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "DES");
Cipher desCipher;
desCipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
desCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, myDesKey);
byte[] text = action.getBytes();
byte[] textEncrypted = desCipher.doFinal(text);
String getAct = ""+textEncrypted;
return getAct;
}
public void setAction(String action) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException {
String encodedKey = "eightkey";
byte[] key = encodedKey.getBytes();
SecretKey myDesKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "DES");
Cipher desCipher;
desCipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
byte[] text = action.getBytes();
desCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, myDesKey);
byte[] textEncrypted = desCipher.doFinal(text);
String setAct = ""+textEncrypted;
this.action = setAct;
}
Full error here
2018-04-12 17:06:34.587 WARN 1572 --- [nio-8080-exec-3] .w.s.m.s.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver : Failed to write HTTP message: org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotWritableException: Could not write JSON: Input length must be multiple of 8 when decrypting with padded cipher; nested exception is com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException: Input length must be multiple of 8 when decrypting with padded cipher (through reference chain: com.capstone.codegum.Codegum.Objects.Logs["action"])

I have modified your code a bit and able to run it. Here is a running example:
Pojo.java
package com.test;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
public class Pojo {
private byte[] action = null;
private SecretKey myDesKey = null;
private String encodedKey = "eightkey";
public String getAction() throws Exception {
Cipher desCipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
desCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, myDesKey);
byte[] text = action;
byte[] textEncrypted = desCipher.doFinal(text);
String getAct = new String(textEncrypted);
return getAct;
}
public void setAction(String action) throws Exception {
Cipher desCipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
byte[] key = encodedKey.getBytes();
this.myDesKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "DES");
desCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, myDesKey);
byte[] text = action.getBytes();
byte[] textEncrypted = desCipher.doFinal(text);
this.action = textEncrypted;
}
}
MainClass.java
package com.test;
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Pojo p = new Pojo();
p.setAction("hello");
String s = p.getAction();
System.out.println(s);
p.setAction("world");
s = p.getAction();
System.out.println(s);
}
}
Output:
hello
world

Use byte[] actionBytes instead of String action something of the sort:
private byte[] actionBytes;
public String getAction() throws Exception {
String encodedKey = "eightkey";
byte[] key = encodedKey.getBytes("UTF8");
SecretKey myDesKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "DES");
Cipher desCipher;
desCipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
desCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, myDesKey);
byte[] textEncrypted = desCipher.doFinal(actionBytes);
return new String(textEncrypted);
}
public void setAction(String action) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
String encodedKey = "eightkey";
byte[] key = encodedKey.getBytes("UTF8");
SecretKey myDesKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "DES");
Cipher desCipher;
desCipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
byte[] text = action.getBytes("UTF8");
desCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, myDesKey);
byte[] textEncrypted = desCipher.doFinal(text);
actionBytes = textEncrypted;
}
Or if you want to keep using String action then you should do this:
public String action;
public String getAction() throws Exception {
String encodedKey = "eightkey";
byte[] key = encodedKey.getBytes("UTF8");
SecretKey myDesKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "DES");
Cipher desCipher;
desCipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
desCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, myDesKey);
byte[] textEncrypted = desCipher.doFinal(action.getBytes("UTF8"));
return new String(textEncrypted);
}
public void setAction(String action) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
String encodedKey = "eightkey";
byte[] key = encodedKey.getBytes("UTF8");
SecretKey myDesKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "DES");
Cipher desCipher;
desCipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
byte[] text = action.getBytes("UTF8");
desCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, myDesKey);
byte[] textEncrypted = desCipher.doFinal(text);
action = new String(textEncrypted, "UTF8");
}

IllegalBlockSizeException when trying to encrypt and decrypt a string with AES

I have a hardcoded key with which I want to encrypt a string before storing it in SharedPreferences. This is the code I have so far:
public class TokenEncryptor {
private final static String TOKEN_KEY = "91a29fa7w46d8x41";
public static String encrypt(String plain) {
try {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
AlgorithmParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(new byte[16]);
SecretKeySpec newKey = new SecretKeySpec(TOKEN_KEY.getBytes(), "AES");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, newKey, ivSpec);
return new String(cipher.doFinal(plain.getBytes()));
} catch (Exception e) {
Ln.e(e);
return null;
}
}
public static String decrypt(String encoded) {
try {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
AlgorithmParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(new byte[16]);
SecretKeySpec newKey = new SecretKeySpec(TOKEN_KEY.getBytes(), "AES");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, newKey, ivSpec);
return new String(cipher.doFinal(encoded.getBytes()));
} catch (Exception e) {
Ln.e(e);
return null;
}
}
}
It seems to be catching an exception at the end of decrypt method:
javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException: error:0606506D:digital envelope routines:EVP_DecryptFinal_ex:wrong final block length
Can someone point me in the right direction? I have a feeling I'm doing something wrong instantiating IvParameterSpec.

When you encrypt a string with AES, you get an array of bytes back. Trying to convert those bytes directly to a string (new String(cipher.doFinal(plaintextBytes))) will cause all sorts of problems. If you require the output from your encryption method to be a string, then use Base64 rather than attempting a direct conversion. In your decryption method, convert the Base64 string back into a byte array before decrypting the byte array.
Also, do not use getBytes() since the output depends on the system defaults. Use getBytes("utf-8") or whatever. That eliminates ambiguity.

Just in case anyone is interested (or feels too lazy to do their research), here is the the result code for AES-256 encryption and decryption that I put together, with help from the accepted answer and comments:
public class TokenEncryptor {
private final static String TOKEN_KEY = "fqJfdzGDvfwbedsKSUGty3VZ9taXxMVw";
public static String encrypt(String plain) {
try {
byte[] iv = new byte[16];
new SecureRandom().nextBytes(iv);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, new SecretKeySpec(TOKEN_KEY.getBytes("utf-8"), "AES"), new IvParameterSpec(iv));
byte[] cipherText = cipher.doFinal(plain.getBytes("utf-8"));
byte[] ivAndCipherText = getCombinedArray(iv, cipherText);
return Base64.encodeToString(ivAndCipherText, Base64.NO_WRAP);
} catch (Exception e) {
Ln.e(e);
return null;
}
}
public static String decrypt(String encoded) {
try {
byte[] ivAndCipherText = Base64.decode(encoded, Base64.NO_WRAP);
byte[] iv = Arrays.copyOfRange(ivAndCipherText, 0, 16);
byte[] cipherText = Arrays.copyOfRange(ivAndCipherText, 16, ivAndCipherText.length);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, new SecretKeySpec(TOKEN_KEY.getBytes("utf-8"), "AES"), new IvParameterSpec(iv));
return new String(cipher.doFinal(cipherText), "utf-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
Ln.e(e);
return null;
}
}
private static byte[] getCombinedArray(byte[] one, byte[] two) {
byte[] combined = new byte[one.length + two.length];
for (int i = 0; i < combined.length; ++i) {
combined[i] = i < one.length ? one[i] : two[i - one.length];
}
return combined;
}
}

It's an extension of Artjom B answer and working for me.
public String encryptMsg(String message, SecretKey secret)
throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, InvalidParameterSpecException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
Cipher cipher = null;
cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secret);
byte[] cipherText = cipher.doFinal(message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
return Base64.encodeToString(cipherText, Base64.NO_WRAP);
}
public String decryptMsg(String cipherText, SecretKey secret)
throws NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidParameterSpecException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
Cipher cipher = null;
cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secret);
byte[] decode = Base64.decode(cipherText, Base64.NO_WRAP);
String decryptString = new String(cipher.doFinal(decode), "UTF-8");
return decryptString;
}

Kotlin version of #Oleksiy 's answer.
<script src="https://gist.github.com/kasim1011/a5a9644a60c33a4df3c29f4b34cf93a4.js"></script>
import android.util.Base64
import java.util.*
import javax.crypto.Cipher
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec
private const val algorithm = "AES"
private const val tokenKey = "fqJfdzGDvfwbedsKSUGty3VZ9taXxMVw"
private const val padding = "AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding"
private const val ivSize = 16
fun String.encryptAES(): String {
val tokenBytes = tokenKey.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)
val secretKey = SecretKeySpec(tokenBytes, algorithm)
val ivByteArray = ByteArray(ivSize)
val iv = IvParameterSpec(ivByteArray)
val cipher = Cipher.getInstance(padding)
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey, iv)
val cipherText = cipher.doFinal(toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8))
val ivAndCipherText = getCombinedArray(ivByteArray, cipherText)
return Base64.encodeToString(ivAndCipherText, Base64.NO_WRAP)
}
fun String.decryptAES(): String {
val tokenBytes = tokenKey.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8)
val secretKey = SecretKeySpec(tokenBytes, algorithm)
val ivAndCipherText = Base64.decode(this, Base64.NO_WRAP)
val cipherText = Arrays.copyOfRange(ivAndCipherText, ivSize, ivAndCipherText.size)
val ivByteArray = Arrays.copyOfRange(ivAndCipherText, 0, ivSize)
val iv = IvParameterSpec(ivByteArray)
val cipher = Cipher.getInstance(padding)
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey, iv)
return cipher.doFinal(cipherText).toString(Charsets.UTF_8)
}
private fun getCombinedArray(one: ByteArray, two: ByteArray): ByteArray {
val combined = ByteArray(one.size + two.size)
for (i in combined.indices) {
combined[i] = if (i < one.size) one[i] else two[i - one.size]
}
return combined
}

Cant successfully Save a SecretKey as a String

I'm trying to save a key in an XML file for later decryption of a encrypted string, the software can encrypt and return me at the "Encrypt()" method, but returns error when trying to use the "Decrypt()" method
Code
private static Cipher ecipher;
private static Cipher dcipher;
public static String[] encrypt(String str) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, UnsupportedEncodingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException {
String Key, res;
SecretKey key;
String[] Return = new String[2];
key = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES").generateKey();
ecipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES");
ecipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
byte[] utf8 = str.getBytes("UTF8");
byte[] enc = ecipher.doFinal(utf8);
enc = BASE64EncoderStream.encode(enc);
res = new String(enc);
//Returning values 0 = Encrypted String 1 = Key For Storage in XML
Return[0] = res;
byte[] keyBytes = key.getEncoded();
Key = new String(keyBytes,"UTF8");
Return[1] = Key;
return Return;
}
public static String decrypt(String str, String Key) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, IllegalBlockSizeException, UnsupportedEncodingException, BadPaddingException {
SecretKey key = new SecretKeySpec(Key.getBytes("UTF8"), "DES");
dcipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES");
dcipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
byte[] dec = BASE64DecoderStream.decode(str.getBytes());
byte[] utf8 = dcipher.doFinal(dec);
return new String(utf8, "UTF8");
}
Console Return :
run:
Encryped String : EB6uhzsBl08=
Key : �g�uX8p
Sep 07, 2014 6:35:17 PM Software.Software main
SEVERE: null
java.security.InvalidKeyException: Invalid key length: 12 bytes
at com.sun.crypto.provider.DESCipher.engineGetKeySize(DESCipher.java:373)
at javax.crypto.Cipher.passCryptoPermCheck(Cipher.java:1062)
at javax.crypto.Cipher.checkCryptoPerm(Cipher.java:1020)
at javax.crypto.Cipher.implInit(Cipher.java:796)
at javax.crypto.Cipher.chooseProvider(Cipher.java:859)
at javax.crypto.Cipher.init(Cipher.java:1229)
at javax.crypto.Cipher.init(Cipher.java:1166)
at Software.Encryption.decrypt(Encryption.java:51)
at Software.Software.main(main.java:30)
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 1 second)

You have to encode the key in base64
public static String[] encrypt(String str) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,
NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException,
UnsupportedEncodingException, IllegalBlockSizeException,
BadPaddingException {
String Key, res;
SecretKey key;
String[] Return = new String[2];
key = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES").generateKey();
ecipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES");
ecipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
byte[] utf8 = str.getBytes("UTF8");
byte[] enc = ecipher.doFinal(utf8);
enc = BASE64EncoderStream.encode(enc);
res = new String(enc);
// Returning values 0 = Encrypted String 1 = Key For Storage in XML
Return[0] = res;
byte[] keyBytes = key.getEncoded();
Key = new String(BASE64EncoderStream.encode(keyBytes), "UTF8");
Return[1] = Key;
return Return;
}
public static String decrypt(String str, String Key)
throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException,
InvalidKeyException, IllegalBlockSizeException,
UnsupportedEncodingException, BadPaddingException {
SecretKey key = new SecretKeySpec(BASE64DecoderStream.decode(Key.getBytes("UTF8")), "DES");
dcipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES");
dcipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
byte[] dec = BASE64DecoderStream.decode(str.getBytes());
byte[] utf8 = dcipher.doFinal(dec);
return new String(utf8, "UTF8");
}

InvalidKeyException: Illegal key size

Before you mark this as a duplicate, please read the full question.
I've looked through countless questions here about this problem, and every answer said to install JCE. However, if I want to send the program to someone else, another computer, virtually anything off the development computer, they have to install JCE too.
Is there a way I can use a smaller keysize without having to install anything?
My encryption method;
public static String encrypt(String in) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,
NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException,
IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, IOException {
String out = " ";
// generate a key
KeyGenerator keygen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
keygen.init(128);
byte[] key = keygen.generateKey().getEncoded();
SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key, "AES");
// build the initialization vector
SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
byte iv[] = new byte[16]; //generate random 16 byte IV. AES is always 16bytes
random.nextBytes(iv);
IvParameterSpec ivspec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
saveKey(key, iv); //<-- save to file
// initialize the cipher for encrypt mode
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec, ivspec);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(in.getBytes());
out = asHex(encrypted);
return out;
}
And my decrypt method:
public static String decrypt(String in) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,
NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException,
IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, IOException, KeyFileNotFoundException, UnknownKeyException {
String out = " ";
byte[] key = readKey("key").clone(); //<--from file
SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key, "AES");
byte[] iv = readKey("iv"); //<-- from file
IvParameterSpec ivspec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
//initialize the cipher for decryption
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, skeySpec, ivspec);
// decrypt the message
byte[] decrypted = cipher.doFinal(in.getBytes());
out = asHex(decrypted);
return out;
}
My saveKey() method:
private static void saveKey(byte[] key, byte[] iv) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
File keyFile = new File(Logging.getCurrentDir() + "\\cikey.key");
keys.setProperty("key", asHex(key));
keys.setProperty("iv", asHex(iv));
keys.store(new FileOutputStream(keyFile.getAbsolutePath(), false), null);
}
My readKey() method:
private static byte[] readKey(String request) throws KeyFileNotFoundException, UnknownKeyException, FileNotFoundException, IOException {
File keyFile = new File(Logging.getCurrentDir() + "\\cikey.key");
byte[] storage;
keys.load(new FileInputStream(keyFile));
if (!keyFile.exists())
throw new KeyFileNotFoundException("Key file not located.");
if (keys.containsKey(request) == false)
throw new UnknownKeyException("Key not found.");
else
storage = keys.getProperty(request).getBytes();
return storage;
}
asHex() method (transferring array to String):
public static String asHex(byte buf[]) {
StringBuilder strbuf = new StringBuilder(buf.length * 2);
for (int i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
if (((int) buf[i] & 0xff) < 0x10)
strbuf.append("0");
strbuf.append(Long.toString((int) buf[i] & 0xff, 16));
}
return strbuf.toString();
}

Is there a way I can use a smaller keysize without having to install anything?
You can't use AES with keys sizes smaller than 128 bit, but there are other ciphers available: DES, Blowfish, etc. They aren't as secure as AES, but still can do the trick if your application (as most apps do) does not worth complicated hacking effort. Here's an example for 56 bit DES:
public static String encrypt(String in) throws Exception {
String out = " ";
// generate a key
KeyGenerator keygen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES");
keygen.init(56);
byte[] key = keygen.generateKey().getEncoded();
SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key, "DES");
// build the initialization vector
SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
byte iv[] = new byte[8]; //generate random 8 byte IV.
random.nextBytes(iv);
IvParameterSpec ivspec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
// initialize the cipher for encrypt mode
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec, ivspec);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(in.getBytes());
out = asHex(encrypted);
return out;
}
There is also a problem with storing and reading the keys in the code. You're storing them as hex, but reading as symbols from default platform encoding. Here's an example how to make both operations uniform:
private static void saveKey(byte[] key, byte[] iv) throws IOException {
File keyFile = new File("C:/cikey.key");
keys.setProperty("key", toHexString(key));
keys.setProperty("iv", toHexString(iv));
keys.store(new FileOutputStream(keyFile.getAbsolutePath(), false), null);
}
private static byte[] readKey(String request) throws IOException {
File keyFile = new File("C:/cikey.key");
keys.load(new FileInputStream(keyFile));
return toByteArray(keys.getProperty(request));
}
public static String toHexString(byte[] array) {
return DatatypeConverter.printHexBinary(array);
}
public static byte[] toByteArray(String s) {
return DatatypeConverter.parseHexBinary(s);
}