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extras(notification text) doesn't get passed

the extras ( a notification text) doesn't get passed to the textView, (the text view appears empty), what's the problem?
here's the related code:
AlarmReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver :
https://textuploader.com/1j851
Notification Activity( that should show the text):
https://textuploader.com/1j85j
my main activity:
https://textuploader.com/1j8tr
please excuse me if I did any stupid mistakes, I'm new to programming

I guess this is your problem here. You pass the wrong value here. You make an object i but you are using intent object.
Intent i = new Intent(context,
NotificationActivity.class);
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
| Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK);
intent.putExtra("message",x);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(context,0,i,PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
So use like this below.
Intent i = new Intent(context,
NotificationActivity.class);
i.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
| Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK); //i
i.putExtra("message",x); //i
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(context,0,i,PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);

How to get list of settings in android

Does anyone know where can I find a full list of settings?
This is my code it works, the only problem I have I cannot find the line to bring up the google voice settings I'm looking for:
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 14){
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.android.settings.TTS_SETTINGS");
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
startActivity(intent);
}else {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);
intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.android.settings", "com.android.settings.TextToSpeechSettings"));
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
startActivity(intent);
}

Android how to delete application shortcut?

When I create a shortcut for my application, and when I want to delete shortcut with code, how should I do it? I try some method but not used.
The create shortcut code:
Intent shortcut = new Intent("com.android.launcher.action.INSTALL_SHORTCUT");
shortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME, "test");
shortcut.putExtra("duplicate", false);
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);
intent.setClass(this, SecondActivity.class);
shortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT, intent);
Intent.ShortcutIconResource iconRes = Intent.ShortcutIconResource.fromContext(this, R.drawable.ic_launcher);
shortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_ICON_RESOURCE, iconRes);
sendBroadcast(shortcut);`
The delete shortcut code:
actionIntent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);
actionIntent.setClass(this, SecondActivity.class);
Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.launcher.action.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT");
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME, "taotao");
intent.putExtra("duplicate", false);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT, actionIntent);
sendBroadcast(intent);`

How do I implement a Button that will return to "Home" after it is clicked?

I have created a "Button" in android studio to send emails. When I click it, it sends an email as intended, but does not then return to the "Home" activity.

You can use finish(); method, but it's not recommended.
See: How to finish current activity in Android
http://developer.android.com/guide/components/processes-and-threads.html#Threads
But, this is my suggestion, you should be able to after clicking the Button, then clear the activity and restart it(or you can do something like Gmail App and doing some stuffs after clicking):
Intent i = getBaseContext().getPackageManager().getLaunchIntentForPackage(getBaseContext().getPackageName());
i.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
startActivity(i);
Also you can use:
Intent m = new Intent(FirstActivity.this, SecondActivity.class);
startActivity(m);
Or:
startActivity(new Intent(FirstActivity.this, SecondActivity.class));

Intent intent = new Intent(context, HomeActivity.class);
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK);
startActivity(intent);
finish();

Restart MainActivity or application with singleTop.

How can I restart my application or MainActivity when the activity have:
android:launchMode="singleTop"
I have tried:
Intent i = getBaseContext().getPackageManager().getLaunchIntentForPackage( getBaseContext().getPackageName() );
i.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
startActivity(i);
But because of singleTop this not working, there is an other way to do this?

I did my theme switcher like this:
Intent intent = getIntent();
finish();
startActivity(intent);
Basically, I'm calling finish() first, and I'm using the exact same intent this activity was started with. That seems to do the trick?
UPDATE: As pointed out by Ralf below, Activity.recreate() is the way to go in API 11 and beyond. This is preferable if you're in an API11+ environment. You can still check the current version and call the code snippet above if you're in API 10 or below. (Please don't forget to up-vote Ralf's answer!)
public void reload() {
Intent intent = getIntent();
overridePendingTransition(0, 0);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_ANIMATION);
finish();
overridePendingTransition(0, 0);
startActivity(intent);
}
or
private void restartFirstActivity()
{
Intent i = getApplicationContext().getPackageManager()
.getLaunchIntentForPackage(getApplicationContext().getPackageName() );
i.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK );
startActivity(i);
}

try to restart with this may this will help u
Intent i = cntxt.getPackageManager().getLaunchIntentForPackage(cntxt.getPackageName() );
i.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_HOME);
i.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK);
i.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
cntxt.startActivity(i);

Use this:
Intent finishIntent = new Intent( this,
activity_that_you_want_to_return.class);
finishIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP
| Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP);
startActivity(finishIntent);