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Why exec-maven-plugin fails while java console command works?

This problem has arisen while working with the Java Chromium Embedded Framework (JCEF).
The JCEF uses a native SO library (libcef.so) and a SO library for the JNI bindings (libjcef.so). I believe the embedded Chromium looks for a file named icudtl.dat next to it, i.e. in the same directory that the libraries reside.
For the following explanation, asume that all those required files are in the same directory, named jcef_libs.
I wrote a test application using JCEF. After compiling, if I execute it with the java command, i.e.
$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path/to/jcef_libs
$ java -cp src/main/java:/path/to/maven/repo/jcef.jar:/path/to/maven/repo/jogl-all/2.2.4/*:/path/to/maven/repo/gluegen-rt/2.2.4/* tests.simple.MainFrame
it works flawlessly.
On the other hand, using the exec-maven-plugin raises a fatal error, due to not finding the named icudtl.dat file. The POM file is configured to use exactly the same artifacts as the java command does.
$ mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="tests.simple.MainFrame"
[1201/123038:FATAL:content_main_runner.cc(721)] Check failed: base::i18n::InitializeICU().
I have tested the java command with the icudtl.dat file removed from the jcef_libs directory, experiencing the same error, i.e. the error raises only when the icudtl.dat is not found.
Any help will be appreciated.
UPDATE
I have been tracing what maven does under the hood. The failing mvn command above executes this internally:
java -classpath /usr/share/maven2/boot/classworlds.jar -Dclassworlds.conf=/usr/share/maven2/bin/m2.conf -Dmaven.home=/usr/share/maven2 org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher "exec:java" "-Dexec.mainClass=tests.simple.MainFrame"
I.e. it executes my test application through a launcher. I don't know where this launcher is going to execute my application but, again, I need the icudtl.dat in that directory.
Any idea how could I workaround this?

run jar on mac with arguments

I have a bioinformatics related tool can be found here. The tool can be download from the link under that page.
It is a Java packaged files for which on Windows I can run
a compiled version (see the readme, need to change name of Mold2.doc to Mold2.exe) using the following command line:
Mold2 -i TestCompounds.sdf
(I have moved the TestCompounds.sdf file to same path as that exe)
It will produce some message and output 2 files output.txt and report.txt.
The trouble is that this package doesn't have any pre-compiled version executable for Mac OS.
However, since Java is supposedly cross-platform and since I also have the java Mold2.jar file, I think it would work for me if I can execute under Mac OS. But I can find the way how to do that...
I have tried with:
java -cp Mold2.jar Mold2
But it only invoke the GUI, and I can't find how to execute this program with only arguments under terminal without invoking the GUI, which is what I want is for integration purpose.
So how can I run this tool on Mac OS on terminal?

calling a java program from CentOS 7 terminal

I am using the code from this tutorial to test the JDBC connection. I changed the name of the class to TestJDBC and I altered the database name and query, but otherwise it is identical. When I run the class as a Java application from within eclipse on my devbox, the program runs properly. However, when I copy the file to /home/username/ on a remote CentOS 7 server, typing java TestJDBC.java into the terminal produces the following error:
Error: Could not find or load main class TestJDBC.java
I also the same error when I try java TestJDBC and when I upload the .class file in addition to just the .java file. What else do I need to do in order to call the Java class from the CentOS 7 terminal?
Note that javac TestJDBC.java results in -bash: javac: command not found. And I did try java somepackage.TestJDBC with same results of Error: Could not find or load main class TestJDBC.java as above.
ANSWER NOTE: The answer required getting the development version of openJDK using yum. The PATH variable was not part of the solution. However, I am marking the answer below as accepted because the user who submitted it contributed substantially to the solution.

You should be able to run it after compiling it
javac TestJDBC.java
java TestJDBC
Note that you do not need to add .class when running it from the commandline.
If this still does not work, please paste your code.
EDIT after request
So you've now stated that you're missing javac from your PATH. I'll show you how to add it:
$> export JAVA_HOME=/path/to/jdk/jdk.1.8.0_20
$> export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Verify by running
javac -version
It should print something like
javac 1.8.0_20

Load java libraries from relative path

I've written a Java program that uses OpenCV library. So far, I executed the program with eclipse (and set the Jar location in eclipse properties).
This is a college final project. My instructor now wants to run the program in his computer. How can I generate a runnable jar(using Ant or using Java code) that will load the Java OpenCV jar from specific location (a directory that will be located in the executable Jar directory), that will work with Linux and Windows (I understood that linux uses a Jar file, and Windows uses a dll file)?
I've tried using:
String currentDir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
System.load(currentDir + "/path_to_jar/opencv-248.jar");
(let's ignore the fact that it will only work with linux) But when executing the jar, the following error occurs:
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: You have loaded library /path_to_jar/opencv-248.jar which might have disabled stack guard. The VM will try to fix the stack guard now.
It's highly recommended that you fix the library with 'execstack -c ', or link it with '-z noexecstack'.
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /path_to_jar/opencv-248.jar: /path_to_jar/opencv-248.jar: invalid ELF header (Possible cause: endianness mismatch)
Any help would be highly appreciated.

Use the classpath option for your java executable.
If you're running OpenJDK read the manpage at http://linux.die.net/man/1/java-java-1.6.0-openjdk
You should be able to use something along the lines of:
java -jar yourapp.jar -cp ./path_to_jar/
Another option is to build a JAR which includes its own dependencies. Here are some examples I found using the search terms "java create jar include dependencies":
Using Maven
Using Eclipse

Unable to run threaded java jar file on Mac OS X 10.6.8 with Java 1.7.0.45 using pacifist

I have installed Java 1.7.0_45 on Mac OS X 10.6.8 using Pacifist [http://www.charlessoft.com/] however I am unable to run a jar file which I have downloaded. The jar file is a threaded application.
The error message I am getting is:
java -jar context.jar
2013-10-31 14:14:41.898 java[330:a07] *** NSInvocation: warning: object 0x109356390 of class 'ThreadUtilities' does not implement methodSignatureForSelector: -- trouble ahead
2013-10-31 14:14:41.900 java[330:a07] *** NSInvocation: warning: object 0x109356390 of class 'ThreadUtilities' does not implement doesNotRecognizeSelector: -- abort
Trace/BPT trap
Is there anyway I can run the jar. I have set the JAVA_HOME path properly and java -version is showing 1.7.0_45 as the version.
The same application works properly on Windows Java 1.7.0_45 and also on Linux Java 1.7.
The web search for the solution and the given keywords return very few results and none of them have any specific solution in it. I am new to mac so I am not fully able to understand the issue.
Alternatively, is there anyway I can run Java from folder in Mac like I can do in windows and Linux by just extracting the Java contents and changing the JAVA_HOME. If that is possible then I should be able to run my JAR.

I had kind of same problem while installing an application through jar file, my Java was not detected by the jar application installer,
Over here I see that one of the method is not accessible, could be a same problem. But I am not very sure of it.
make sure you have rt.jar in your JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ folder
In case you don't have then you are required to have it through the process of creation of symbolic link.
In the command below replace your_java_version with proper version matching your requirement.
sudo mkdir -p /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/<your_java_version>/Home/jre/lib
Go into the directory:
cd /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/<your_java_version>/Home/jre/lib/
Create symbolic link :
sudo ln -s ../../../Classes/classes.jar rt.jar
Hope this solves your problem.

I get the exact same problem with MacOS 10.6.8 and JDK 7. In order to run the jar I had to use the System JRE which is 1.6.x (In my case I wanted to install Squirrel
/System/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/1.6.0.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -jar >squirrel-sql-3.6-MACOSX-install.jar