At the end of my loop, I am planning on displaying the number of consonants and vowels in the sentence. I was wondering if there was a more efficient way to check how many consonants and vowels are in a given sentence, rather than using an if statement and manually inputting every letter. (key refers to my Scanner which has already been initialized)
Edit: It needs to ignore digits and other special characters, so for example if I write Hello# how 1are you?. There should be 8 vowels and 6 consonants.
System.out.println("Please enter the sentence to analyze: ");
String words = key.nextLine(); //the sentence the user inputs
int c = 0; //# of consonants
int v = 0; //# of vowels
int length = words.length(); //length of sentence
int check; //goes over each letter in our sentence
for(check = 0; check < length; check++){
char a = words.charAt(check);
if(a == 'a' || a == 'A' || a == 'e' || a == 'E' || a == 'i' || a == 'I' || a == 'o'
|| a == 'O' || a == 'u' || a == 'U' || a == 'y' || a == 'Y')
v = v + 1;
else if(a == 'b' || a == 'B' || a == 'c' || a == 'C' || a == 'd' || a == 'D' || a == 'f'
|| a == 'F' || a == 'g' || a == 'G' || a == 'h' || a == 'H' || a == 'j' || a == 'J'
|| a == 'k' || a == 'K' || a == 'l' || a == 'L' || a == 'm' || a == 'M' || a == 'n'
|| a == 'N' || a == 'p' || a == 'P' || a == 'q' || a == 'Q' || a == 'r' || a == 'r'
|| a == 's' || a == 'S' || a == 't' || a == 'T' || a == 'v' || a == 'V' || a == 'w'
|| a == 'W' || a == 'x' || a == 'X' || a == 'z' || a == 'Z')
c = c + 1;
}
Use Character.isLetter(ch) to determine if the character is a vowel or a consonant, then check to see if the character in question is in the set of vowels.
One way to create the set of vowels:
Set<Character> vowels = new HashSet<Character>();
for (char ch : "aeiou".toCharArray()) {
vowels.add(ch);
}
And to increment v or c:
if (Character.isLetter(a)) {
if (vowels.contains(Character.toLowerCase(a))) {
v++;
} else {
c++;
}
}
Assuming you already have a letter (vowel or consonant, not a digit nor a symbol or anything else), then you can easily create a method to define if the letter is a vowel:
static final char[] vowels = { 'a', 'A', 'e', 'E', 'i', 'I', 'o', 'O', 'u', 'U', 'y', 'Y' };
public static boolean isVowel(char c) {
for (char vowel : vowels) {
if (c == vowel) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public static boolean isConsonant(char c) {
return !isVowel(c);
}
Note that I set Y and y as vowels since seems that they are in your language. In Spanish and English, Y is a consonant (AFAIK).
You can easily check if the char is a letter or not using Character#isLetter.
So, your code would become into:
for(check = 0; check < length; check++){
char a = words.charAt(check);
if (Character.isLetter(a)) {
if (isVowel(a)) {
v++;
} else {
c++;
}
}
}
How about something like
String vowels = "aeiouyAEIOUY"; // you can declare it somewhere before loop to
// to avoid redeclaring it each time in loop
//inside loop
if ((a>='a' && a<='z') || (a>='A' && a<='Z')){ //is letter
if (vowels.indexOf(a)!=-1) //is vowel
v++;
else //is consonant
c++;
}
I am sure this can be improved upon, but I'll throw it in the ring anyways.
Remove non-characters from the sentence, lowercase it, then convert to a char array and compare it to a char array of vowels that are all lowercase.
String myText = "This is a sentence.";
int v = 0;
char[] vowels = {'a','e','i','o','u'};
char[] sentence = myText.replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z]","").toLowerCase().toCharArray();
for (char letter : sentence) {
for (char vowel : vowels) {
if (letter == vowel) {
v++;
}
}
}
System.out.println("Vowels:"+ v);
System.out.println("Consonants:" + (sentence.length -v));
One easy way would be to create 2 lists:
one contains vowels (a, e, i, o, u)
the other contains consonants
Then you iterate over each character in the Java string.
See a sample below:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
public class Counter {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String test = "the fox is in the woods";
test = test.toLowerCase();
List<Character> vowels = new ArrayList<Character>();
vowels.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Character[]{'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'}));
List<Character> consonants = new ArrayList<Character>();
consonants.addAll(Arrays.asList(new Character[]{'b','c','d','f','g','h','j','k','l','m','n','p','q','r','s','t','v','w','x','y','z'}));
int vcount = 0;
int ccount = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < test.length(); i++){
Character letter = test.charAt(i);
if (vowels.contains(letter)){
vcount ++;
} else if (consonants.contains(letter)){
ccount++;
}
}
System.out.println(vcount);
System.out.println(ccount);
}
}
You can do a range check to make sure it is a letter, then check if it one of the vowels:
if( ( a >= 'a' && a<= 'z' ) || ( a >= 'A' && a <= 'Z' ) )
{
// is letter
switch( a )
{
case 'a': case 'A':
case 'e': case 'E':
case 'i': case 'I':
case 'o': case 'O':
case 'U': case 'u':
++v;
break;
default: // don't list the rest of the characters since we did the check in the if statement above.
++c;
}
}
Oh, there's certainly a much more readable way to do it. Not sure if that meets the "better" definition.
As a start, I'd suggest that you encapsulate what you have into methods that you can write once and call anywhere:
package misc;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
/**
* ParseUtils get counts of vowels and consonants in sentence
* #author Michael
* #link https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24048907/how-can-i-check-how-many-consonants-and-vowels-there-are-in-a-sentence-in-java
* #since 6/4/2014 6:57 PM
*/
public class ParseUtils {
private static final String VOWEL_PATTERN_STR = "(?i)[aeiou]";
private static final Pattern VOWEL_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(VOWEL_PATTERN_STR);
private static final String CONSONANT_PATTERN_STR = "(?i)[b-df-hj-np-tv-z]";
private static final Pattern CONSONANT_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(CONSONANT_PATTERN_STR);
private ParseUtils() {}
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (String arg : args) {
System.out.println(String.format("sentence: '%s' # letters: %d # vowels: %d # consonants %d", arg, arg.length(), getNumVowels(arg), getNumConsonants(arg)));
}
}
public static int getNumVowels(String sentence) {
return getMatchCount(sentence, VOWEL_PATTERN);
}
public static int getNumConsonants(String sentence) {
return getMatchCount(sentence, CONSONANT_PATTERN);
}
private static int getMatchCount(String s, Pattern p) {
int numMatches = 0;
if ((p != null) && (s != null) && (s.trim().length() > 0)) {
Matcher m = p.matcher(s);
while (m.find()) {
++numMatches;
}
}
return numMatches;
}
}
Split the String by whitespaces and and Calculate only the number of Vowels. Then Number of consonants = Length of Sentence - No. of Vowels.
Detailed Code:
System.out.println("Please enter the sentence to analyze: ");
int v = 0;
int c = 0;
String string = key.nextLine(); //the sentence the user inputs
String[] stringArray = string.split(" ");
for(int i=0;i<stringArray.length;i++)
{
for(int j= 0; j<string.length(); j++)
{
char a = string.charAt(j);
if(a == 'a' || a == 'A' || a == 'e' || a == 'E' || a == 'i' || a == 'I' || a == 'o'
|| a == 'O' || a == 'u' || a == 'U' || a == 'y' || a == 'Y')
v = v + 1;
}
c= c+(stringArray.length)-v;
}
System.out.println("Vowels:"+v+" and Consonants:"+c);
One way to do it is to get rid of the non-letters, then vowels and consonants, and get the length of what is left:
public class CountChars {
public static final String CONSONANTS = "[BCDFGHJKLMNPQRSTVWXYZ]";
public static final String VOWELS = "[AEIOU]"; // considering Y a consonant here
public static final String NOT_LETTERS = "[\\W_0-9]";
public static void main(String[] args) {
String words = "How can I check how many consonants and vowels there are in a sentence in Java?";
String letters = words.toUpperCase().replaceAll(NOT_LETTERS, "");
System.out.println("Letters: " + letters.length());
String vowels = letters.replaceAll(CONSONANTS, "");
System.out.println("Vowels: " + vowels.length());
String consonants = letters.replaceAll(VOWELS, "");
System.out.println("Consonants: " + consonants.length());
}
}
Here is the best way of doing this:
public static void checkVowelsAndConsonants(String s){
System.out.println("Vowel Count: " + (s.length() - s.toLowerCase().replaceAll("a|e|i|o|u|", "").length()));
//Also eliminating spaces, if any for the consonant count
System.out.println("Consonant Count: " + (s.toLowerCase().replaceAll("a|e|i|o| |u", "").length()));
}
I'm attempting to create a case that identifies every use of 'E' or 'e' in a string but am unsure how to format it correctly.
I've attempted separating 'E' and 'e' as seperate variables but this doesn't seem to work
The output should tell the user how many uses of 'e' or 'E' are in the string they entered, but I am just getting formatting errors. Additionally, if I limit it to either just 'e' or 'E' the program is able to work, however, I get a long string of numbers from it being counted in my for loop, is there any way to just display the final number from my for loop?
case 3: String phrase;
phrase = scan.nextLine();
System.out.println("What is your sentence");
phrase = scan.nextLine();
int numOfE = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < phrase.length(); i++) {
if (phrase.charAt(i) == 'e' or == 'E') {
numOfE++;
}
System.out.println(numOfE);
}
Change:
if (phrase.charAt(i) == 'e' or == 'E')
to
if (phrase.charAt(i) == 'e' || phrase.charAt(i) == 'E')
Also, move the line:
System.out.println(numOfE);
outside one more set of brackets. In total, it should look something like:
case 3: String phrase;
phrase = scan.nextLine();
System.out.println("What is your sentence");
phrase = scan.nextLine();
int numOfE = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < phrase.length(); i++) {
char ch = phrase.charAt(i);
if (ch == 'e' || ch == 'E') {
numOfE++;
}
}
System.out.println(numOfE);
If you are using Java 8, then this is another approach
long count = phrase.chars().filter(ch -> ch == 'e' || ch == 'E' ).count();
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Ariete25Programs {
public static void main(String[] tin) {
char again = 0;
int choose;
if(choose == 7) {
char again7 = 0;
do
{
System.out.println("---Vowels and Consonants---");
String line;
System.out.println("Enter word: ");
line = sc.nextLine();
String vowels = " ", consonants = " ", digits = " ", spaces = " ";
for(int i = 0; i < line.length(); ++i)
{
char ch = line.charAt(i);
if(ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i'
|| ch == 'o' || ch == 'u' || ch == 'A' || ch == 'E' || ch == 'I'
|| ch == 'O' || ch == 'U')
{
vowels+=line.charAt(i);
}
else if((ch >= 'a'&& ch <= 'z'))
{
consonants+=line.charAt(i);
}
}
System.out.println("Vowels: " + vowels);
System.out.println("Consonants: " + consonants);
System.out.println("Try Again? (Y/N)");
again7 = sc.next().charAt(0);
if(again7 == 'n') {
System.out.println("Menu? [y/n]");
again = sc.next().charAt(0);
}
else if(again7 == 'n') {
System.out.println("Thank you for using the programs!");
System.exit(0);
}
}
while(again7 == 'y');
then the result when you choose 7 becomes like this
-----Vowels and Consonants-----
Enter word:
Try again?(Y/N)
can someone help me? I can't seem to figure out the problem in my codes. It keeps on skipping.
I guess you do something like choose = sc.nextInt(); you should try choose = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());
Please replace sc.next().charAt(0) with sc.nextLine().charAt(0).
Documentation:
Scanner.next()
Scanner.nextLine()
Moreover else if(again7 == 'n') is wrong since you already did the same check few lines before, so you'll never execute the code in that else if block
do
{
System.out.println("---Vowels and Consonants---");
String line;
System.out.println("Enter word: ");
line = sc.nextLine();
String vowels = " ", consonants = " ", digits = " ", spaces = " "; // digits and spaces are not used
int end = line.length();
for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i) {
char ch = line.charAt(i);
if(ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i'
|| ch == 'o' || ch == 'u' || ch == 'A' || ch == 'E' || ch == 'I'
|| ch == 'O' || ch == 'U') {
vowels += line.charAt(i);
}
else if ((ch >= 'a'&& ch <= 'z')) {
consonants += line.charAt(i);
}
}
System.out.println("Vowels: " + vowels);
System.out.println("Consonants: " + consonants);
System.out.println("Try Again? (Y/N)");
again7 = sc.nextLine().charAt(0);
if (again7 == 'n') {
System.out.println("Menu? [y/n]");
again = sc.nextLine().charAt(0);
if (again == 'n') {
System.out.println("Thank you for using the programs!");
break;
} else {
// display Menu
}
}
} while(again7 == 'y');
I have found syntax that is supposed to change the first character from a lowercase letter to an uppercase letter.
For some reason my program won't! When I type a 'm' instead of 'M'.
What am I doing wrong here?
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.print("Enter two characters: ");
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
String twoChar = input.nextLine();
if(twoChar.length() > 2 || twoChar.length() <= 1){
System.out.println("You must enter exactly two characters");
System.exit(1);
}
char ch = Character.toUpperCase(twoChar.charAt(0));
if(twoChar.charAt(0) == 'M'){
if(twoChar.charAt(1) == '1'){
System.out.println("Mathematics Freshman");
}else if(twoChar.charAt(1) == '2'){
System.out.println("Mathematics Sophomore");
}else if(twoChar.charAt(1) == '3'){
System.out.println("Mathematics Junior");
}else if(twoChar.charAt(1) == '4'){
System.out.println("Mathematics Senior");
}
}
Instead of
if(twoChar.charAt(0) == 'M'){
use
if(ch == 'M'){
You are getting the uppercased character, but then not using it.
You are assigning the upper case version of the character to a variable ch, and then you are not checking ch; you are checking the character in the string again. That character is the same as it was before: it is not changed.
So instead of checking:
if (twoChar.charAt(0) == 'M') {
check:
if (ch == 'M') {
Not using the local variable
You aren't using the char ch you uppercased here,
char ch = Character.toUpperCase(twoChar.charAt(0));
if(twoChar.charAt(0) == 'M'){
you might fix it by using the local variable ch like
char ch = Character.toUpperCase(twoChar.charAt(0));
if (ch == 'M') {
or by placing the toUpperCase call in-line like
// char ch = Character.toUpperCase(twoChar.charAt(0));
if (Character.toUpperCase(twoChar.charAt(0)) == 'M') {
or using a logical-or like
char ch = twoChar.charAt(0);
if (ch == 'M' || ch == 'm') {
I'm having trouble with this simple exercise. What I have to do is to take the vowels from the string.
This returns all the vowels in the string, but what I want is that if there are multiple letters of same vowel, just return one.For example, using the string "aaa eee iii" should give "a e i".
public static void getVowels(char aChar, String aString){
System.out.print("Your string has the following vowels: ");
for (int i = 0; i < aString.length(); i++){
if ((aString.charAt(i) == 'a') || (aString.charAt(i) == 'e') || (aString.charAt(i) == 'i') || (aString.charAt(i) == 'o') || (aString.charAt(i) == 'u')) {
aChar = aString.charAt(i);
System.out.print(aChar + " ");
}
}
}
I would recommend either adding each vowel found to a HashSet<Character>, or calling aString.contains() with each vowel in turn. You can also use aString.toLowerCase() so that you only have to check for lowercase vowels.
Edit your code as follows:
public static void getVowels(char aChar, String aString)
{
System.out.print("Your string has the following vowels: ");
String vowels="";
for (int i = 0; i < aString.length(); i++)
{
if ((aString.charAt(i) == 'a') || (aString.charAt(i) == 'e') || (aString.charAt(i) == 'i') || (aString.charAt(i) == 'o') || (aString.charAt(i) == 'u'))
{
if(!vowels.contains(String.valueOf(aString.charAt(i))))
vowels+=aString.charAt(i);
}
}
for(int i=0;i<vowels.length();i++)
System.out.print(vowels.charAt(i)+" ");
}
EDIT :
Alternatively,
public static void getVowels(char aChar, String aString){
System.out.print("Your string has the following vowels: ");
char vowels[]={'a','e','e','o','u'};
for (char vowel : vowels)
{
if(aString.indexOf(vowel)>=0)
{
System.out.print(vowel+" ");
}
}
}
Why are you doing for loop? Just check String.IndexOf() and if that character is present print it.
You need to have a string where you keep on adding unique vowels checking before hand whether it exists. The below program will clear your doubt.
public class TestWovel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String vowel = "aaaeeeiiizncnzcxjswdmmnmxcuuooo";
String uniqueVowels = "";
for(int i=0;i<vowel.length();i++){
char vowelFound = vowel.charAt(i);
if((vowelFound == 'a' || vowelFound == 'e' || vowelFound == 'i' || vowelFound == 'o' || vowelFound == 'u') && (uniqueVowels.indexOf(vowelFound) == -1)){
uniqueVowels+=vowelFound;
}
}
System.out.println(uniqueVowels);
}
}
You could use an integer array whose indexes are ASCII codes. When you see a vowel, check its count in the array. If the count is 0, print the vowel and increase the count. For example, 'a' would be stored in arr[97]:
public static void getVowels(String aString) {
int[] arr = new int[128];
char c;
System.out.print("Your string has the following vowels: ");
for (int i = 0; i < aString.length(); i++){
c = aString.charAt(i);
if (c == 'a' || c == 'e' || c == 'i' || c == 'o' || c == 'u') {
if (arr[c] == 0) {
System.out.print(aString.charAt(i) + " ");
arr[c]++;
}
}
}
}