Related
I am relatively new to OpenGL, so this question might seem a bit trivial. I have this code in my Main.java, which is supposed to output a rectangle with the texture of the image on it:
float vertices[] = {
// positions // colors // texture coords
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top right
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom right
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom left
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f // top left
};
int indices[] = {
0, 1, 3, // first triangle
1, 2, 3 // second triangle
};
int VBO = glGenBuffers(), VAO = glGenVertexArrays(), EBO = glGenBuffers();
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
// position attribute
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, false, 8, 0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// color attribute
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, false, 8, 2);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
// texture coord attribute
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, false, 8, 5);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
Texture texture = null;
try {
log.info("Loading texture");
texture = Texture.loadTexture("texture.png");
} catch (IOException e) {
log.severe("Texture loading failed due to IOException: " + e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
if(mainProgram != null) {
mainProgram.use();
}
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture.getId());
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
//...
}
My shaders are the following:
Vertex Shader:
#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 aColor;
layout(location = 2) in vec2 aTexCoord;
out vec3 vertexColor;
out vec2 texCoord;
void main()
{
gl_Position = vec4(aPos , 1.0);
vertexColor = aColor;
texCoord = aTexCoord;
}
Fragment Shader:
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;
in vec3 ourColor;
in vec2 TexCoord;
// texture sampler
uniform sampler2D texture1;
void main()
{
FragColor = texture(texture1, TexCoord);
}
The Texture class referenced above is the following:
public class Texture {
public static Texture loadTexture(String fileName) throws IOException{
//load png file
PNGDecoder decoder = new PNGDecoder(new java.io.FileInputStream(new File("C:/Users/Using/Absolute/Paths/For/Demonstration/texture.png")));
//create a byte buffer big enough to store RGBA values
ByteBuffer buffer = BufferUtils.createByteBuffer(4 * decoder.getWidth() * decoder.getHeight());
//decode
decoder.decode(buffer, decoder.getWidth() * 4, PNGDecoder.Format.RGBA);
//flip the buffer so its ready to read
buffer.flip();
//create a texture
int id = glGenTextures();
//bind the texture
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, id);
//tell opengl how to unpack bytes
glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
//set the texture parameters, can be GL_LINEAR or GL_NEAREST
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
//upload texture
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, decoder.getWidth(), decoder.getHeight(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer);
// Generate Mip Map
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
return new Texture(id);
}
private int id;
public Texture(int id){
this.id = id;
}
public int getId(){
return id;
}
}
Note that the path of the texture image is not the problem, as the code works without any Exceptions or Compiler errors. The PNGDecoder i used can be found here.
The stride and offset argument must be set in bytes when specifying the array of generic vertex attribute data by glVertexAttribPointer.
Furthermore, the uv coordinates are the 7th and 8th element in the attribute tuple:
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, false, 8, 0);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, false, 8*4, 0);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, false, 8, 2);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, false, 8*4, 3*4);
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, false, 8, 5);
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, false, 8*4, 6*4);
I have been trying to follow the code as specified in this tutorial on OpenGL3+ textures, but my result ends up black instead of the texture.
I am using stbimage to load the image the texture uses into a direct ByteBuffer and can guarantee the RGB data in the buffer is, at least, not uniform - so it can't be that.
I usually do not like to dump code, but I don't see much else I can do at this point. Here's my java code and shaders:
GL is an interface pointing to all the GL## functionality in LWJGL31.
ShaderProgram wraps all the shader specific stuff into a nice blackbox that generates a shaderprogram from the attached shaders on the first call of use(GL) and subsequently reuses that program. This works just fine for rendering a coloured triangle, so I rule out any errors in there.
Util.checkError(GL, boolean); does check for any OpenGL errors that have accumulated since its last execution and throws a runtime exception if the boolean is not set (silently writes to the log instead, if set).
The rendering code, update(GL, long) is run once every frame
private static final ResourceAPI res = API.get(ResourceAPI.class);
Image lwjgl32;
ShaderProgram prog = new ShaderProgram();
int vbo, vao, ebo;
int texture;
#Override
public void init(GL gl) {
try {
prog.attach(res.get("shaders/texDemo.vert", ShaderSource.class));
prog.attach(res.get("shaders/texDemo.frag", ShaderSource.class));
lwjgl32 = res.get("textures/lwjgl32.png", Image.class);
} catch(ResourceException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
float[] vertices = {
// positions // colors // texture coords
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top right
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom right
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom left
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f // top left
};
int[] indices = {
0, 1, 3, // first triangle
1, 2, 3 // second triangle
};
vao = gl.glGenVertexArrays();
vbo = gl.glGenBuffers();
ebo = gl.glGenBuffers();
gl.glBindVertexArray(vao);
gl.glBindBuffer(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
gl.glBufferData(GL.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices, GL.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
gl.glBindBuffer(GL.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
gl.glBufferData(GL.GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices, GL.GL_STATIC_DRAW);
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL.GL_FLOAT, false, 8 * Float.BYTES, 0);
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL.GL_FLOAT, false, 8 * Float.BYTES, 3 * Float.BYTES);
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL.GL_FLOAT, false, 8 * Float.BYTES, 6 * Float.BYTES);
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
texture = gl.glGenTextures();
gl.glBindTexture(GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
gl.glTexParameteri(GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL.GL_LINEAR);
gl.glTexParameteri(GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL.GL_LINEAR);
gl.glTexParameteri(GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL.GL_REPEAT);
gl.glTexParameteri(GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL.GL_REPEAT);
gl.glTexImage2D(GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL.GL_RGB8, lwjgl32.getWidth(), lwjgl32.getHeight(), 0, GL.GL_RGB, GL.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, lwjgl32.getImageData());
gl.glGenerateMipmap(GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D);
prog.use(gl);
gl.glUniform1i(gl.glGetUniformLocation(prog.getId(gl), "texture"), 0);
Util.checkError(gl, false);
}
#Override
protected void update(GL gl, long deltaFrame) {
gl.glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
gl.glClear(GL.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
gl.glActiveTexture(GL.GL_TEXTURE0);
gl.glBindTexture(GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
prog.use(gl);
gl.glBindVertexArray(vao);
gl.glDrawElements(GL.GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
}
#Override
public void clean(GL gl) {
gl.glDeleteVertexArrays(vao);
gl.glDeleteBuffers(vbo);
gl.glDeleteBuffers(ebo);
ShaderProgram.clearUse(gl);
prog.dispose(gl);
}
Vertex shader
#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 in_position;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 in_color;
layout (location = 2) in vec2 in_texCoord;
out vec3 color;
out vec2 texCoord;
void main() {
gl_Position = vec4(in_position, 1.0);
color = in_color;
texCoord = vec2(in_texCoord.x, in_texCoord.y);
}
Fragment shader
#version 330 core
out vec4 frag_colour;
in vec3 color;
in vec2 texCoord;
uniform sampler2D texture;
void main() {
frag_colour = texture(texture, texCoord) * vec4(color, 1.0);
}
1I wrapped LWJGL3's GL## static classes into a single interface and implementation so I can have a bunch of stateful methods that do things such as identifying the context that is being rendered to, etc. I also did my best to remove non-core functionality from the interface so I don't even get tempted to use deprecated stuff
You only enable the vertex attribute with index 0, but this 3 times.
Adapt your code like this:
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL.GL_FLOAT, false, 8 * Float.BYTES, 0);
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL.GL_FLOAT, false, 8 * Float.BYTES, 3 * Float.BYTES);
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); // <-------
gl.glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL.GL_FLOAT, false, 8 * Float.BYTES, 6 * Float.BYTES);
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(2); // <------
It's hard to tell from just looking at the code but a black quad means that this row in your fragment shader:
frag_colour = texture(texture, texCoord) * vec4(color, 1.0);
evaluates to 0. Which means either the texture is'nt read/bound properly, your texture coordinates are off or color is a zero vector. Make sure your texture image is properly loaded (file exists, has a width and height etc) and has the correct format. What I usually do to debug the shader is to set each parameter as a color to give a hint if it has the correct value:
frag_colour = vec4(color, 1.0); //Makes sure the color is right
or
frag_colour = texture(texture, texCoord); //Makes sure the texture is loaded and bound
And if that doesn't give enough information, even more detail:
frag_colour = vec4(color.x, color.x, color.x, 1.0);
or
frag_colour = vec4(texCoord.x, texCoord.x, texCoord.x, 1.0);
I am beginner in openGL.
i am created a prism ( each face is equilateral triangle ) in android using openGL library and i am able to rotate the prism successfully.
but my requirment is to put three different images in each face of the prism and i am not able to put the images. when i am putting the image it is scaling and mapping to all faces.
MyRenderer Class
public class MyRenderer implements Renderer {
/** Cube instance */
/* Rotation values for all axis */
private float xrot; //X Rotation ( NEW )
private float yrot; //Y Rotation ( NEW )
private float zrot; //Z Rotation ( NEW )
/** The Activity Context ( NEW ) */
private Context context;
private Pyramid pyramid;
/**
* Instance the Cube object and set
* the Activity Context handed over
*/
public MyRenderer(Context context) {
this.context = context;
pyramid = new Pyramid(this.context);
}
/**
* The Surface is created/init()
*/
public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
//Load the texture for the cube once during Surface creation
gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D); //Enable Texture Mapping ( NEW )
gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH); //Enable Smooth Shading
gl.glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f); //Black Background
gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f); //Depth Buffer Setup
gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); //Enables Depth Testing
gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL); //The Type Of Depth Testing To Do
//Really Nice Perspective Calculations
gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL10.GL_NICEST);
}
/**
* Here we do our drawing
*/
public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
//Clear Screen And Depth Buffer
gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
gl.glLoadIdentity(); //Reset The Current Modelview Matrix
//Drawing
gl.glTranslatef(0.0f, -1.0f, -5.0f); //Move 5 units into the screen
gl.glScalef(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); //Scale the Cube to 80 percent, otherwise it would be too large for the screen
//Rotate around the axis based on the rotation matrix (rotation, x, y, z)
gl.glRotatef(yrot, 0.0f, 1.65f, 0.0f); //X
pyramid.draw(gl, context);
yrot += 1.0f;
}
/**
* If the surface changes, reset the view
*/
public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {
if(height == 0) { //Prevent A Divide By Zero By
height = 1; //Making Height Equal One
}
gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); //Reset The Current Viewport
gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION); //Select The Projection Matrix
gl.glLoadIdentity(); //Reset The Projection Matrix
//Calculate The Aspect Ratio Of The Window
GLU.gluPerspective(gl, 45.0f, (float)width / (float)height, 0.1f, 100.0f);
gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); //Select The Modelview Matrix
gl.glLoadIdentity(); //Reset The Modelview Matrix
}
}
MyPyramid class
public class Pyramid {
/** The buffer holding the vertices */
private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer;
/** The buffer holding the color values */
private FloatBuffer colorBuffer;
private ByteBuffer indexBuffer;
private FloatBuffer textureBuffer;
private int noOfFaces = 3;
private int[] texturesID = new int[3];
private float PyramidVertices [] = {
0.0f, 1.65f, 0.0f,
-1.3f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
1.3f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, -1.65f,
};
private float textures[] = {
//Mapping coordinates for the vertices
0.0f, 1.65f,
0.0f, 1.65f,
-1.3f, 0.0f,
1.3f, 0.0f,
};
private float colors[] = {
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //Red
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //Green
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //Blue
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //Red
};
private byte indices [] = { 0, 2, 1,
0, 2, 3,
0, 1, 3,
};
/**
* The Pyramid constructor.
*
* Initiate the buffers.
*/
public Pyramid( Context context) {
//
ByteBuffer byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(PyramidVertices.length * 4);
byteBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
vertexBuffer = byteBuf.asFloatBuffer();
vertexBuffer.put(PyramidVertices);
vertexBuffer.position(0);
byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length * 4);
byteBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
colorBuffer = byteBuf.asFloatBuffer();
colorBuffer.put(colors);
colorBuffer.position(0);
indexBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indices.length);
indexBuffer.put(indices);
indexBuffer.position(0);
byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(textures.length * 4);
byteBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
textureBuffer = byteBuf.asFloatBuffer();
textureBuffer.put(textures);
textureBuffer.position(0);
}
/**
* The object own drawing function.
* Called from the renderer to redraw this instance
* with possible changes in values.
*
* #param gl - The GL Context
*/
public void draw(GL10 gl, Context context) {
//Set the face rotation
// gl.glFrontFace(GL10.GL_CW);
gl.glCullFace(GL10.GL_CCW);
gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
// gl.glColorPointer(4, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, colorBuffer);
loadTexture(gl, context);
gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, textureBuffer);
gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D);
// Enable the texture state
gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
// Point to our buffers
gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertexBuffer);
gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_TRIANGLES, indices.length, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, indexBuffer);
//Disable the client state before leaving
gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
}
public void loadTexture(GL10 gl, Context context) {
Bitmap bitmap;
gl.glGenTextures(3, texturesID, 0); // Generate texture-ID array for 6 IDs
gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texturesID[2]);
InputStream is = context.getResources().openRawResource(R.drawable.forward);
try {
//BitmapFactory is an Android graphics utility for images
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
} finally {
//Always clear and close
try {
is.close();
is = null;
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
// Generate OpenGL texture images
// Create Nearest Filtered Texture
gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
GL10.GL_LINEAR);
gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,
GL10.GL_LINEAR);
// Different possible texture parameters, e.g. GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE
gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,
GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T,
GL10.GL_REPEAT);
// Build Texture from loaded bitmap for the currently-bind texture ID
GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0);
}
and i took the help from
http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/android/Android_3D.html
http://nehe.gamedev.net/
How to give different images on each face?
There are few ways of doing this but here are the simplest two for you to try:
Modify object to your needs
It's quite tricky to use few textures at a time and select them per-face, but the simple solution is to divide your pyramid into few objects. Then, you can assign different texture for each of your objects as you like.
Modify texture to your needs
You can use a technique known as Texture Atlas. In this solution you can take few textures and stitch them together into one, bigger bitmap. Then you use this bitmap as your main texture. You also need to modify your vertices UVs, so one of your triangles uses some part of your bigger texture, while another triangle uses different part of your texture. Using this technique you can get an appearance that different triangles use totally different images as their texture (even that there's just one real texture during rendering).
Let us know if you need more details about it.
Thanks for response.
I found the solution for my problem. I created a equilateral triangle and then by giving the proper rotation angle i am able to rotate it as well as i put the different texture in each face.
MyPyramid class
public class PyramidNew {
int []texturesID = new int[3];
Bitmap []bitmap = new Bitmap[3];
private FloatBuffer textureBuffer;
private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer; // Buffer for vertex-array
private float[][] colors = { // Colors of the 6 faces
{1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, // 0. orange
{1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}, // 1. violet
{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, // 2. green
{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}, // 3. blue
{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, // 4. red
{1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f} // 5. yellow
};
/* private float[] vertices = { // Vertices for the front face
-1.5f, 0.0f, 0.86f, // 0. left-bottom-front
1.5f, 0.0f, 0.86f, // 1. right-bottom-front
0.0f, 1.86f, 0.0f, // 2. left-top-front
// 3. right-top-front
};*/
private float[] vertices = { // Vertices for the front face
-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.86f, // 0. left-bottom-front
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.86f, // 1. right-bottom-front
0.0f, 1.86f, 0.0f, // 2. left-top-front
// 3. right-top-front
};
private float textures[] = {
//Mapping coordinates for the vertices
0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f,
};
// Constructor - Set up the buffers
public PyramidNew( Context context) {
// Setup vertex-array buffer. Vertices in float. An float has 4 bytes
System.out.println("calling Pyramid:::::::::");
ByteBuffer vbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length * 4);
vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); // Use native byte order
vertexBuffer = vbb.asFloatBuffer(); // Convert from byte to float
vertexBuffer.put(vertices); // Copy data into buffer
vertexBuffer.position(0); // Rewind
ByteBuffer byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(textures.length * 4);
byteBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
textureBuffer = byteBuf.asFloatBuffer();
textureBuffer.put(textures);
textureBuffer.position(0);
InputStream stream1 = context.getResources().openRawResource(R.drawable.splash_screen);
InputStream stream2 = context.getResources().openRawResource(R.drawable.bg);
InputStream stream3 = context.getResources().openRawResource(R.drawable.bg1);
try {
//BitmapFactory is an Android graphics utility for images
bitmap[0] = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(stream1);
bitmap[1] = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(stream2);
bitmap[2] = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(stream3);
} finally {
//Always clear and close
try {
stream1.close();
stream2.close();
stream3.close();
stream1 = stream2 = stream3 = null;
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
}
// Draw the color cube
public void draw(GL10 gl, Context context) {
gl.glFrontFace(GL10.GL_CCW); // Front face in counter-clockwise orientation
gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_CULL_FACE); // Enable cull face
gl.glCullFace(GL10.GL_BACK); // Cull the back face (don't display)
gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertexBuffer);
gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
//loading the first texture in first face
loadTexture(gl, context, 0);
gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 3);
// rotating the face and puting the second texture in face
gl.glRotatef(120.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
//gl.glColor4f(colors[1][0], colors[1][1], colors[1][2], colors[1][3]);
loadTexture(gl, context, 1);
gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 3);
// Back - Rotate another 120 degree about y-axis and then put different texture
gl.glRotatef(120.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
//gl.glColor4f(colors[2][0], colors[2][1], colors[2][2], colors[2][3]);
loadTexture(gl, context, 2);
gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 3);
gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_CULL_FACE);
}
public void loadTexture(GL10 gl, Context context, int currentImage) {
// Bitmap []bitmap = new Bitmap[3];
gl.glGenTextures(3, texturesID, 0); // Generate texture-ID array for 6 IDs
gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texturesID[currentImage]);
// Generate OpenGL texture images
// Create Nearest Filtered Texture
gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
GL10.GL_LINEAR);
gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,
GL10.GL_LINEAR);
// Different possible texture parameters, e.g. GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE
gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,
GL10.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T,
GL10.GL_REPEAT);
// Build Texture from loaded bitmap for the currently-bind texture ID
GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap[currentImage], 0);
gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, textureBuffer);
gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D);
// Enable the texture state
gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
// Point to our buffers
gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertexBuffer);
}
}
I cannot find any information on the proper way to render interleaved vertex arrays (not VBOs) in JOGL. Specifically, the use of glVertexAttribPointer() seems to not allow the specification of an offset within the interleaved data (a FloatBuffer). In C, C++, or Objective-C, I know exactly how to do this, but in Java there seems to be no clear path to victory.
The only thing I have tried that looked like it might have worked was to set the position of the buffer before using glVertexAttribPointer(), but this had no effect.
For clarity, here is a sample of code in the rendering function:
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray( POSITION_ATTRIB );
gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray( NORMAL_ATTRIB );
gl.glVertexAttribPointer( POSITION_ATTRIB, 4, GL.GL_FLOAT, false, 32, vertexBuffer );
// vertexBuffer.position( 4 ); if I try to specify an offset
gl.glVertexAttribPointer( NORMAL_ATTRIB, 4, GL.GL_FLOAT, false, 32, vertexBuffer );
gl.glDrawArrays( GL.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, nummy );
gl.glDisableVertexAttribArray( NORMAL_ATTRIB );
gl.glDisableVertexAttribArray( POSITION_ATTRIB );
I am using 4 floats for every attribute that I have. I chose a stride of 32 based on
4 bytes per float * 4 floats per attribute * 2 attributes per vertex.
I suspect the reason setting the position of your FloatBuffer does not give you the behavior you want is because you pass your FloatBuffer by reference. You might want to create another FloatBuffer that is basically just a different view of the same data (e.g. wrap a float []) and set the position in this other FloatBuffer to 4...
For example:
// Somewhere in your class
private float [] verts;
// You can fill this with actual data yourself, I did the hard part :P
verts = new float [] { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
// ^^^^^^^^^ POS ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ NORMAL ^^^^^^^
//
// When it comes time to supply the vertex pointers, use this:
//
FloatBuffer vtx_base = FloatBuffer.wrap (verts);
FloatBuffer norm_base = FloatBuffer.wrap (verts, 4, verts.length () - 4);
gl.glVertexAttribPointer (POSITION_ATTRIB, 4, GL.GL_FLOAT, false, 32, vtx_base);
gl.glVertexAttribPointer (NORMAL_ATTRIB, 4, GL.GL_FLOAT, false, 32, norm_base);
DISCLAIMER: I have not used Java in years, so don't expect this to compile out of the box. The basic theory should be sound though.
I do have to wonder if you really need 4D vertex positions and normals, though? There are very real uses for w, but if you don't actually need it save some storage / bandwidth and use 3D. I bring this up because when you use client memory instead of VBOs, there is a lot more CPU->GPU memory transfer going on and every bit of size reduction will help.
I was a bit stuck, so sharing another solution using direct buffers, needed in OpenGL as mentioned by Nathan. Also, I'm interleaving floats with bytes/ints in this example (color is represented as 4 bytes):
// vertex position: 3 floats; vertex color: 4 bytes
static final int COORDS_PER_VERTEX = 4;
static final int VERTS_PER_SPRITE = 4;
static final int MAX_NUM_SPRITES = 1000;
private final int vertexStride = COORDS_PER_VERTEX * 4; // 4 bytes per vertex
private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer;
private ByteBuffer colorBuffer;
public void init() {
ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(
// (# of coordinate values * 4 bytes per float)
COORDS_PER_VERTEX * VERTS_PER_SPRITE * 4 * MAX_NUM_SPRITES);
bb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
vertexBuffer = bb.asFloatBuffer();
bb.position(3 * 4);
colorBuffer = bb.slice();
}
Now, when drawing your vertices, just do
public void draw() {
GLES20.glUseProgram(myProgram);
// Enable a handle to the sprite vertices
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mColorHandle);
// Prepare the triangle coordinate data
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mPositionHandle, 3,
GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, vertexStride, vertexBuffer);
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mColorHandle, 4,
GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, false, vertexStride, colorBuffer);
// Draw the sprites GL_SHORT DOES NOT WORK!!!! Use UNSIGNED_SHORT
GLES20.glDrawElements(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, 6 * numSprites, GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, indexBuffer);
}
When I need to update the buffer, I prepare a float buffer only, and then I convert the 4 color bytes into a float,
private void updateSpriteBuffer() {
float[] vData = new float[COORDS_PER_VERTEX * VERTS_PER_SPRITE * MAX_NUM_SPRITES];
for (int i = 0; i<numSprites; i++) {
// ... x, y, z
byte[] colorBytes = sprite.getColorBytes(); // {r, g, b, 1}
float colorAsFloat = ByteBuffer.wrap(colorBytes).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).getFloat();
for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
int j = COORDS_PER_VERTEX * 4 * i + COORDS_PER_VERTEX * k;
vData[j] = x[k];
vData[j + 1] = y[k];
vData[j + 2] = z[k];
vData[j + 3] = colorAsFloat;
}
}
vertexBuffer.put(vData);
vertexBuffer.position(0);
}
I hope this helps someone else trying to do the same.
I tried to draw a line with OpenGL which goes horizontal from one edge of the screen to the other (on an Android phone). It should move up and down by reading the accelerometer sensor.
My problem is, that the line moves up and down only at the end points. In the middle it stays at 0,0 (middle of the screen). So the line has the form of the letter V.
Here is my code:
#Override
public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
gl.glClearColor(0f, 0f, 0f, 0f);
float vertices[] = {
0-width/2,-accel,0,
width/2,-accel,0
};
ByteBuffer vbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length * 4);
vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
FloatBuffer vertexBuffer = vbb.asFloatBuffer();
vertexBuffer.put(vertices);
vertexBuffer.position(0);
gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertexBuffer);
short[] indices = { 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3 };
ByteBuffer ibb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(indices.length * 2);
ibb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
ShortBuffer indexBuffer = ibb.asShortBuffer();
indexBuffer.put(indices);
indexBuffer.position(0);
gl.glFrontFace(GL10.GL_CCW);
gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_CULL_FACE);
gl.glCullFace(GL10.GL_BACK);
gl.glDrawElements(GL10.GL_LINE_LOOP, indices.length,
GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, ibb);
gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
}
Are you sure you indices are correct? If I understand it correctly you only have 2 vertices and yet your indices are using 4 vertices. I looked at the example at http://www.songho.ca/opengl/gl_vertexarray.html to come up with that.