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What is a NullPointerException, and how do I fix it?
(12 answers)
Closed 4 years ago.
I just added A new code to my app which is supposed to cennct via bluetooth to an arduino to control it... Im fairly new to programming java. Compiling has not shown any errors so far so I booted it up on my device and it crashes as soon as I open the Activity with the bluetooth code in it. Below you will find my Activity and my error logcat:
I hope someone can help :)
BT_Classic.java:
package com.car.bluetooth.bluetoothcar;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ListView;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;
public class BT_Classic extends AppCompatActivity {
private Button pairedButton;
private Button discoveredButton;
private Button btonButton;
private Button btoffButton;
private ProgressDialog progress;
ListView listView;
BluetoothSocket bluetoothSocket;
BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice;
private final static UUID uuid = UUID.fromString("fc5ffc49-00e3-4c8b-9cf1-6b72aad1001a");
private ArrayList<String> mDeviceList = new ArrayList<String>();
BluetoothAdapter btAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
//BLUETOOTH VERBINDUNG
private static final int REQUEST_ENABLED = 0;
private static final int REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE = 0;
private class ConnectingThread extends Thread {
public ConnectingThread(BluetoothDevice device) {
BluetoothSocket temp = null;
BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice = device;
// Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice
try {
temp = bluetoothDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(uuid);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
bluetoothSocket = temp;
}
public void run() {
// Cancel any discovery as it will slow down the connection
btAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
try {
// This will block until it succeeds in connecting to the device
// through the bluetoothSocket or throws an exception
bluetoothSocket.connect();
} catch (IOException connectException) {
connectException.printStackTrace();
try {
bluetoothSocket.close();
} catch (IOException closeException) {
closeException.printStackTrace();
}
}
// Code to manage the connection in a separate thread
/*
manageBluetoothConnection(bluetoothSocket);
*/
}
// Cancel an open connection and terminate the thread
public void cancel() {
try {
bluetoothSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_bt__classic);
pairedButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.pairedButton);
discoveredButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.discoveredButton);
btonButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btonButton);
btoffButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btoffButton);
listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
#Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
String itemValue = (String) listView.getItemAtPosition(position);
String MAC = itemValue.substring(itemValue.length() - 17);
BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice = btAdapter.getRemoteDevice(MAC);
// Initiate a connection request in a separate thread
ConnectingThread t = new ConnectingThread(bluetoothDevice);
t.start();
}
});
//Pairing Button
pairedButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = btAdapter.getBondedDevices();
ArrayList<String> devices = new ArrayList<String>();
for (BluetoothDevice bt : pairedDevices){
devices.add(bt.getName());
devices.add(bt.getAddress());
}
ArrayAdapter arrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter(BT_Classic.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, devices);
listView.setAdapter(arrayAdapter);
}
});
discoveredButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if(!btAdapter.isDiscovering()){
Intent bton = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
startActivityForResult(bton, REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
}
}
});
btonButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent bton = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(bton, REQUEST_ENABLED);
}
});
btoffButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(View v) {
btAdapter.disable();
}
});
}
}
Error Logcat:
2018-09-18 17:48:10.947 31085-31085/com.car.bluetooth.bluetoothcar E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: com.car.bluetooth.bluetoothcar, PID: 31085
java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.car.bluetooth.bluetoothcar/com.car.bluetooth.bluetoothcar.BT_Classic}: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'void android.widget.ListView.setOnItemClickListener(android.widget.AdapterView$OnItemClickListener)' on a null object reference
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2830)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2909)
at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap11(Unknown Source:0)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1606)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:105)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6592)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.Zygote$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(Zygote.java:240)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:769)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'void android.widget.ListView.setOnItemClickListener(android.widget.AdapterView$OnItemClickListener)' on a null object reference
at com.car.bluetooth.bluetoothcar.BT_Classic.onCreate(BT_Classic.java:121)
at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:6984)
at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1235)
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2783)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2909)
at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap11(Unknown Source:0)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1606)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:105)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6592)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.Zygote$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(Zygote.java:240)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:769)
You never initialized your listView variable.
Make sure it's initialized under onCreate():
listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.whateveryourlistviewis);
Related
I am using a separate class to get user's location. How to get user's location by calling interface in my activity.I cant understand How can i get user's location' latitude and longitude in my activity? It is giving me null pointer exception when i create object of class and call method
My Activity
public class missingPerson extends AppCompatActivity implements OnLocationUpdateListener {
OnLocationUpdateListener lu;
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_missing_person);
final LocationHandler locationHandler = new LocationHandler(missingPerson.this,lu);
locationHandler.getDeviceLocation();
}
#Override
public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
Location location1 = location;
String latitute = String.valueOf(location1.getLatitude());
Log.i("No Result", latitute);
}
#Override
public void onError(String error) {
}
}
Class for location
package com.example.fizatanveerkhan.citycops;
import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.location.Location;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.util.Log;
import com.google.android.gms.location.FusedLocationProviderClient;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationCallback;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationRequest;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationResult;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationServices;
import com.google.android.gms.tasks.OnCompleteListener;
import com.google.android.gms.tasks.Task;
import java.util.List;
public class LocationHandler {
private Activity activity;
private FusedLocationProviderClient mFusedLocationProviderClient;
private Location mLastKnownLocation;
private LocationCallback mLocationCallback;
private LocationRequest mLocationRequest;
private OnLocationUpdateListener onLocationUpdateListener;
private boolean updateStartedInternally = false;
private boolean isconnected = false;
public LocationHandler(Activity activity, final OnLocationUpdateListener onLocationUpdateListener) {
this.activity = activity;
this.onLocationUpdateListener = onLocationUpdateListener;
mFusedLocationProviderClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(activity);
createLocationRequest();
getDeviceLocation();
mLocationCallback = new LocationCallback() {
#Override
public void onLocationResult(LocationResult locationResult) {
List<Location> locationList = locationResult.getLocations();
if (locationList.size() > 0) {
//The last location in the list is the newest
Location location = locationList.get(locationList.size() - 1);
mLastKnownLocation = location;
if (onLocationUpdateListener != null) {
onLocationUpdateListener.onLocationChanged(location);
if(updateStartedInternally){
stopLocationUpdate();
}
}
}
}
};
}
public boolean isConnected() {
return isconnected;
}
public void getDeviceLocation() {
/*
* Get the best and most recent location of the device, which may be null in rare
* cases when a location is not available.
*/
try {
Task locationResult = mFusedLocationProviderClient.getLastLocation();
locationResult.addOnCompleteListener(activity, new OnCompleteListener() {
#Override
public void onComplete(#NonNull Task task) {
isconnected = true;
if (task.isSuccessful()) {
// Set the map's camera position to the current location of the device.
mLastKnownLocation = (Location) task.getResult();
if (mLastKnownLocation == null) {
updateStartedInternally = true;
mFusedLocationProviderClient.requestLocationUpdates(mLocationRequest, mLocationCallback, Looper.myLooper());
} else if (mLastKnownLocation != null){
mFusedLocationProviderClient.requestLocationUpdates(mLocationRequest, mLocationCallback, Looper.myLooper());
// This message appears in logcat with latitute still it say that
// onLocationUpdateListener.onLocationChanged is invoked on null object
// reference
Log.e("Location", String.valueOf(mLastKnownLocation.getLatitude()));
onLocationUpdateListener.onLocationChanged(mLastKnownLocation);
}
}
else {
onLocationUpdateListener.onError("Can't get Location");
}
}
}) ;
} catch (SecurityException e) {
Log.e("Exception: %s", e.getMessage());
onLocationUpdateListener.onError(e.getMessage());
}
}
public void startLocationUpdates() {
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return;
}
updateStartedInternally = false;
mFusedLocationProviderClient.requestLocationUpdates(mLocationRequest, mLocationCallback, Looper.myLooper());
}
private void stopLocationUpdate() {
mFusedLocationProviderClient.removeLocationUpdates(mLocationCallback);
}
//other new Methods but not using right now..
protected void createLocationRequest() {
mLocationRequest = new LocationRequest();
mLocationRequest.setInterval(10000);//set the interval in which you want to get locations
mLocationRequest.setFastestInterval(5000);//if a location is available sooner you can get it (i.e. another app is using the location services)
mLocationRequest.setPriority(LocationRequest.PRIORITY_HIGH_ACCURACY);
}
}
And this is Interface
import android.location.Location;
public interface OnLocationUpdateListener {
void onLocationChanged(Location location);
void onError(String error)
}
Error
I/AssistStructure: Flattened final assist data: 4848 bytes, containing 1 windows, 15 views
E/Location: 37.4219983
D/AndroidRuntime: Shutting down VM
E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: com.example.fizatanveerkhan.citycops, PID: 14006
java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke interface method 'void
com.example.fizatanveerkhan
.citycops.OnLocationUpdateListener.onLocationChanged
(android.location.Location)' on a null object reference
at com.example.fizatanveerkhan.citycops.
LocationHandler$2.onComplete(LocationHandler.java:88)
at com.google.android.gms.tasks.zzj.run(Unknown Source:4)
at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:873)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:193)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6669)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os
.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:493)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:858)
I/Process: Sending signal. PID: 14006 SIG: 9
Application terminated.
final LocationHandler locationHandler = new LocationHandler(missingPerson.this,lu);
What is this "lu" that you pass as second argument during instance? I don't see it anywhere.
public LocationHandler(Activity activity, final OnLocationUpdateListener onLocationUpdateListener) {
//........
}
LocationHandler take OnLocationUpdateListener and set
this.onLocationUpdateListener = onLocationUpdateListener;
Then, you call
onLocationUpdateListener.onLocationChanged(mLastKnownLocation);
If you pass "lu" (that maybe is null), is pretty clear that object's onLocationUpdateListener is null.
My current android app can turn on Bluetooth, make itself discoverable, list paired devices, and select a file from the device ( ie an image). However when I attempted to hit "send" the app seems to crash with an error. Not sure if it's refusing to send, or if it's not actually obtaining the file (yesterday I had a problem where it refused to send the selected, saying for me to select a file repeatedly. I will post the crash results and my mainActivity code. If anyone suggestions or ideas, please let me know.
Error: Debugging device
E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: com.example.bluetooth_demoproject, PID: 17593
java.lang.RuntimeException: Failure delivering result ResultInfo{who=null, request=1, result=300, data=null} to activity {com.example.bluetooth_demoproject/com.example.bluetooth_demoproject.MainActivity}: android.os.FileUriExposedException: file:///storage/emulated/0/Pictures/Screenshots/Screenshot_20161013-215137.png exposed beyond app through ClipData.Item.getUri()
at android.app.ActivityThread.deliverResults(ActivityThread.java:4107)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleSendResult(ActivityThread.java:4150)
at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap20(ActivityThread.java)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1517)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6120)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:865)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:755)
Caused by: android.os.FileUriExposedException: file:///storage/emulated/0/Pictures/Screenshots/Screenshot_20161013-215137.png exposed beyond app through ClipData.Item.getUri()
at android.os.StrictMode.onFileUriExposed(StrictMode.java:1799)
at android.net.Uri.checkFileUriExposed(Uri.java:2346)
at android.content.ClipData.prepareToLeaveProcess(ClipData.java:832)
at android.content.Intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(Intent.java:8909)
at android.content.Intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(Intent.java:8894)
at android.app.Instrumentation.execStartActivity(Instrumentation.java:1517)
at android.app.Activity.startActivityForResult(Activity.java:4224)
at android.app.Activity.startActivityForResult(Activity.java:4183)
at android.app.Activity.startActivity(Activity.java:4507)
at android.app.Activity.startActivity(Activity.java:4475)
at com.example.bluetooth_demoproject.MainActivity.onActivityResult(MainActivity.java:350)
at android.app.Activity.dispatchActivityResult(Activity.java:6917)
at android.app.ActivityThread.deliverResults(ActivityThread.java:4103)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleSendResult(ActivityThread.java:4150)
at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap20(ActivityThread.java)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1517)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6120)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:865)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:755)
Disconnected from the target VM, address: 'localhost:8601', transport: 'socket'
Here is my MainActivity
package com.example.bluetooth_demoproject;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothA2dp;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.util.Set;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
// Creating objects -----------------------------
private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 0;
private static final int REQUEST_BLU = 1;
// private static final int REQUEST_DISCOVER_BT_ = 1;
private static int CUSTOM_DIALOG_ID = 0;
ListView dialog_ListView;
TextView mBluetoothStatus, mPairedDevicesList, mTextFolder;
ImageView mBluetoothIcon;
Button mOnButton, mDiscoverableButton, mPairedDevices, mbuttonOpenDialog, msendBluetooth, mbuttonUp;
File root, fileroot, curFolder;
EditText dataPath;
private static final int DISCOVER_DURATION = 300;
private List<String> fileList = new ArrayList<String>();
// -------------------------------------------------------
BluetoothAdapter mBlueAdapter;
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
dataPath =(EditText)findViewById(R.id.FilePath);
mTextFolder = findViewById(R.id.folder);
mBluetoothStatus = findViewById(R.id.BluetoothStatus);
mBluetoothIcon = findViewById(R.id.bluetoothIcon);
mOnButton = findViewById(R.id.onButton);
// mOffButton = findViewById(R.id.offButton);
mDiscoverableButton = findViewById(R.id.discoverableButton);
mPairedDevices = findViewById(R.id.pairedDevices);
mPairedDevicesList = findViewById(R.id.pairedDeviceList);
mbuttonOpenDialog = findViewById(R.id.opendailog);
msendBluetooth = findViewById(R.id.sendBluetooth);
mbuttonUp = findViewById(R.id.up);
mbuttonOpenDialog.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(View v) {
dataPath.setText("");
showDialog(CUSTOM_DIALOG_ID);
}
});
root = new
File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath());
curFolder = root;
msendBluetooth.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
#Override
public void onClick(View v) {
sendViaBluetooth();
}
});
//adapter
mBlueAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if(mBlueAdapter == null){
mBluetoothStatus.setText("Bluetooth is not available");
return;
}
else {
mBluetoothStatus.setText("Bluetooth is available");
}
//if Bluetooth isnt enabled, enable it
if (!mBlueAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Intent enableBtIntent = new
Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
}
//set image according to bluetooth Status
if (mBlueAdapter.isEnabled()) {
mBluetoothIcon.setImageResource(R.drawable.action_on);
}
else {
mBluetoothIcon.setImageResource(R.drawable.action_off);
}
//on button Click
mOnButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
#Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (!mBlueAdapter.isEnabled()) {
showToast("Turning Bluetooth on...");
// intent to on bluetooth
Intent intent = new
Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
}
else {
showToast("Bluetooth is already on");
}
}
});
//discover Bluetooth button
mDiscoverableButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
#Override
public void onClick(View v){
if (!mBlueAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
showToast("Making device discoverable");
Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_BLU);
}
}
});
// off button click
// mOffButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
// #Override
// public void onClick(View v) {
// if (mBlueAdapter.isEnabled()) {
// showToast("Turning Bluetooth off...");
// // intent to turn off bluetooth
// mBluetoothIcon.setImageResource(R.drawable.action_off);
// }
// else{
// showToast("Bluetooth is already off");
// }
//
// }
//});
//get paired device button click
mPairedDevices.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (mBlueAdapter.isEnabled()) {
mPairedDevices.setText("Paired Devices");
Set<BluetoothDevice> devices = mBlueAdapter.getBondedDevices();
for (BluetoothDevice device : devices){
mPairedDevices.append("\nDevice: " + device.getName() + "," + device );
}
}
else {
//bluetooth is off and cant get paired devices
showToast("Turn on bluetooth to get paired devices");
}
}
});
}
// #Override
// protected void onPrepareDialog(int id, Dialog dialog) {
// super.onPrepareDialog(id, dialog);
// switch (id) {
// case CUSTOM_DIALOG_ID:
// ListDir(curFolder);
// break;
// }
// }
#Override
protected Dialog onCreateDialog(int id) {
Dialog dialog = null;
if (id == CUSTOM_DIALOG_ID) {
dialog = new Dialog(MainActivity.this);
dialog.setContentView(R.layout.dailoglayout);
dialog.setTitle("Select Files");
dialog.setCancelable(true);
dialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(true);
mTextFolder = (TextView) dialog.findViewById(R.id.folder);
mbuttonUp = (Button) dialog.findViewById(R.id.up);
mbuttonUp.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(View v) {
ListDir(curFolder.getParentFile());
}
});
dialog_ListView = (ListView) dialog.findViewById(R.id.dialoglist);
dialog_ListView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
#Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
File selected = new File(fileList.get(position));
if (selected.isDirectory()) {
ListDir(selected);
}
else if (selected.isFile()) {
getSelectedFile(selected);
}
else {
dismissDialog(CUSTOM_DIALOG_ID);
}
}
});
}
return dialog;
}
#Override
protected void onPrepareDialog(int id, Dialog dialog) {
super.onPrepareDialog(id, dialog);
if (id == CUSTOM_DIALOG_ID) {
ListDir(curFolder);
}
}
public void getSelectedFile(File f) {
dataPath.setText(f.getAbsolutePath());
fileList.clear();
dismissDialog(CUSTOM_DIALOG_ID);
}
public void ListDir(File f) {
if (f.equals(root)) {
mbuttonUp.setEnabled(false);
}
else {
mbuttonUp.setEnabled(true);
}
curFolder = f;
mTextFolder.setText(f.getAbsolutePath());
dataPath.setText(f.getAbsolutePath());
File[] files = f.listFiles();
fileList.clear();
for (File file : files) {
fileList.add(file.getPath());
}
ArrayAdapter<String> directoryList = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, fileList);
dialog_ListView.setAdapter(directoryList);
}
// exits to app --------------------------------
public void exit(View V) {
mBlueAdapter.disable();
Toast.makeText(this, "*** Now bluetooth is off...", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
finish();
}
// send file via bluetooth ------------------------
public void sendViaBluetooth() {
if(!dataPath.equals(null)) {
if(mBlueAdapter == null) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Device doesnt support bluetooth", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
else {
enableBluetooth();
}
}
else {
Toast.makeText(this, "please select a file", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
public void enableBluetooth() {
showToast("Making device discoverable");
Intent discoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
discoveryIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, DISCOVER_DURATION);
startActivityForResult(discoveryIntent, REQUEST_BLU);
}
#Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (resultCode == DISCOVER_DURATION && requestCode == REQUEST_BLU) {
Intent i = new Intent();
i.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND);// STOPPED HERE-----------------------------------------------------------------
i.setType("*/*");
File file = new File(dataPath.getText().toString());
i.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, Uri.fromFile(file));
PackageManager pm = getPackageManager();
List<ResolveInfo> list = pm.queryIntentActivities(i, 0);
if (list.size() > 0) {
String packageName = null;
String className = null;
boolean found = false;
for (ResolveInfo info : list) {
packageName = info.activityInfo.packageName;
if (packageName.equals("com.android.bluetooth")) {
className = info.activityInfo.name;
found = true;
break;
}
}
//CHECK BLUETOOTH available or not------------------------------------------------
if (!found) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Bluetooth not been found", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} else {
i.setClassName(packageName, className);
startActivity(i);
}
}
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "Bluetooth is cancelled", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
#Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
// automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
// as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
int id = item.getItemId();
//noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
// if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
// Toast.makeText(this, "**********************************\nDeveloper: www.santoshkumarsingh.com\n**********************************", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// return true;
// }
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
//toast message function
private void showToast(String msg) {
Toast.makeText(this, msg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT) .show();
}
}
You have trouble with file exchange not with BLE.
Did you ever read Android FileUriExposedException?
I have a probleme with my code. When I lunch my program i have a crash.
On the Android monitor i can see :
04-04 20:21:10.369 2042-2042/com.led.led E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: com.led.led, PID: 2042
java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.led.led/com.led.led.ledControlSeekBar}: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'void android.widget.SeekBar.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(android.widget.SeekBar$OnSeekBarChangeListener)' on a null object reference
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2358)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2420)
at android.app.ActivityThread.access$900(ActivityThread.java:154)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1321)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5294)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:904)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:699)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'void android.widget.SeekBar.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(android.widget.SeekBar$OnSeekBarChangeListener)' on a null object reference
at com.led.led.ledControlSeekBar.onCreate(ledControlSeekBar.java:76)
at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:5990)
at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1106)
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2311)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2420)
at android.app.ActivityThread.access$900(ActivityThread.java:154)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1321)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5294)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:904)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:699)
And there is my class :
package com.led.led;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.CompoundButton;
import android.widget.Switch;
import android.widget.SeekBar;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.lang.String;
public class ledControlSeekBar extends AppCompatActivity {
Button btnDis;
SeekBar seek_r, seek_g, seek_b;
String address = null;
private ProgressDialog progress;
BluetoothAdapter myBluetooth = null;
BluetoothSocket btSocket = null;
private boolean isBtConnected = false;
static final UUID myUUID = UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB");
ConnectBT bt = new ConnectBT();
String phraseAEnvoyer = "000000000";
String phraseTemp;
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//receive the address of the bluetooth device
Intent newint = getIntent();
address = newint.getStringExtra(DeviceList.EXTRA_ADDRESS);
bt.execute();
//view of the ledControl layout
setContentView(R.layout.activity_led_control);
//call the widgtes
btnDis = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_disconnect);
seek_r = (SeekBar)findViewById(R.id.seekBar_r);
seek_g = (SeekBar)findViewById(R.id.seekBar_g);
seek_b = (SeekBar)findViewById(R.id.seekBar_b);
seek_r.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener() {
int progressChanged = 0;
public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser) {
progressChanged = progress;
}
public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {
}
public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {
msg("Rouge : " + progressChanged);
phraseTemp = phraseAEnvoyer.substring(3, 9);
phraseAEnvoyer = progressChanged + phraseTemp;
envoyerPhrase(phraseAEnvoyer);
}
});
seek_g.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener() {
int progressChanged = 0;
public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser) {
progressChanged = progress;
}
public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {
}
public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {
msg("Vert : " + progressChanged);
phraseTemp = phraseAEnvoyer.substring(6, 9);
phraseAEnvoyer = phraseAEnvoyer.substring(0, 3);
phraseAEnvoyer = phraseAEnvoyer + progressChanged + phraseTemp;
envoyerPhrase(phraseAEnvoyer);
}
});
seek_b.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener() {
int progressChanged = 0;
public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser) {
progressChanged = progress;
}
public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {
}
public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {
msg("Bleu : " + progressChanged);
phraseTemp = phraseAEnvoyer.substring(0, 6);
phraseAEnvoyer = phraseTemp + progressChanged;
envoyerPhrase(phraseAEnvoyer);
}
});
btnDis.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
{
#Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
Disconnect(); //close connection
}
});
}
private void Disconnect()
{
if (btSocket!=null) //If the btSocket is busy
{
try
{
btSocket.close(); //close connection
}
catch (IOException e)
{ msg("Error");}
}
finish(); //return to the first layout
}
private void envoyerPhrase(String phrase)
{
if (btSocket!=null)
{
try
{
btSocket.getOutputStream().write(phraseAEnvoyer.getBytes());
msg(phraseAEnvoyer);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
msg("Error");
}
}
}
private void msg(String s)
{
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),s,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
private class ConnectBT extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> // UI thread
{
private boolean ConnectSuccess = true; //if it's here, it's almost connected
#Override
protected void onPreExecute()
{
progress = ProgressDialog.show(ledControlSeekBar.this, "Connecting...", "Please wait!"); //show a progress dialog
}
#Override
protected Void doInBackground(Void... devices) //while the progress dialog is shown, the connection is done in background
{
try
{
if (btSocket == null || !isBtConnected)
{
myBluetooth = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();//get the mobile bluetooth device
BluetoothDevice dispositivo = myBluetooth.getRemoteDevice(address);//connects to the device's address and checks if it's available
btSocket = dispositivo.createInsecureRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(myUUID);//create a RFCOMM (SPP) connection
BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter().cancelDiscovery();
btSocket.connect();//start connection
}
}
catch (IOException e)
{
ConnectSuccess = false;//if the try failed, you can check the exception here
}
return null;
}
#Override
protected void onPostExecute(Void result) //after the doInBackground, it checks if everything went fine
{
super.onPostExecute(result);
if (!ConnectSuccess)
{
msg("Connection Failed. Is it a SPP Bluetooth? Try again.");
finish();
}
else
{
msg("Connected.");
isBtConnected = true;
}
progress.dismiss();
}
}
}
I don't finish and some lines are useful sorry.
If someone can help me I will happy.
Thank you.
I have also the same error . I resolved this error by defining a function outside the onCreate() method. Inside that function you need to call the different seek bar findViewByid method . Like this
private void initializeVariables() {
// Showing progress dialog
pDialog = new ProgressDialog(Search.this);
pDialog.setMessage("Please wait...");
pDialog.setCancelable(false);
seekBar = (SeekBar) findViewById(R.id.seekBarprice);
seekBarKilometer = (SeekBar) findViewById(R.id.seekBarDis);
}
Declare pDialog first private ProgressDialog pDialog;
call the initializeVariables() method inside the oncreate method , here i mention my seekbar names replace these names with your code .
`
I was writing an app to read heart rate and step count using an android wear device. The heart rate sensor works properly but the step count is causing an issue. However, on commenting the listener for Step Counter and registering a null in onResume() the app works with heart rate sensor. I'm not getting any log regarding this otherwise I would have posted it here. Here's the code that I'm using
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.hardware.Sensor;
import android.hardware.SensorEvent;
import android.hardware.SensorEventListener;
import android.hardware.SensorManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.wearable.view.WatchViewStub;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.google.android.gms.common.api.GoogleApiClient;
import com.google.android.gms.common.api.PendingResult;
import com.google.android.gms.common.api.ResultCallback;
import com.google.android.gms.wearable.Node;
import com.google.android.gms.wearable.NodeApi;
import com.google.android.gms.wearable.Wearable;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.List;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private SensorManager mSensorManager;
private TextView mTextViewHeart, mTextViewStep;
private Sensor mHeartRateSensor, mStepCounterSensor;
private GoogleApiClient mGoogleApiClient;
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
WatchViewStub stub = (WatchViewStub) findViewById(R.id.watch_view_stub);
stub.setOnLayoutInflatedListener(new WatchViewStub.OnLayoutInflatedListener() {
#Override
public void onLayoutInflated(WatchViewStub stub) {
mTextViewHeart = (TextView) stub.findViewById(R.id.value_heart);
mTextViewStep = (TextView) stub.findViewById(R.id.value_step);
}
});
mSensorManager = (SensorManager) getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE);
mHeartRateSensor = mSensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_HEART_RATE);
mStepCounterSensor = mSensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_STEP_COUNTER);
mGoogleApiClient = new GoogleApiClient.Builder(this).addApi(Wearable.API).build();
mGoogleApiClient.connect();
}
#Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
mSensorManager.registerListener(heartListener, mHeartRateSensor, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL);
mSensorManager.registerListener(stepListener, mStepCounterSensor, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_FASTEST);
}
#Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
mSensorManager.unregisterListener(heartListener, mHeartRateSensor);
}
SensorEventListener heartListener = new SensorEventListener() {
#Override
public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
if (event.sensor.getType() == Sensor.TYPE_HEART_RATE) {
if (event.values.length > 0) {
if (event.values[0] > 0.0f) {
mTextViewHeart.setBackgroundResource(android.R.color.holo_green_light);
mTextViewHeart.setText(Float.toString(event.values[0]));
sendToHandheld(Math.round(event.values[0]), Sensor.TYPE_HEART_RATE);
}
}
}
}
#Override
public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {
}
};
SensorEventListener stepListener = new SensorEventListener() {
#Override
public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
if (event.sensor.getType() == Sensor.TYPE_STEP_COUNTER) {
if (event.values.length > 0) {
mTextViewStep.setBackgroundResource(android.R.color.holo_green_light);
mTextViewStep.setText(Float.toString(event.values[0]));
sendToHandheld(Math.round(event.values[0]), Sensor.TYPE_STEP_COUNTER);
}
}
}
#Override
public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {
}
};
private void sendToHandheld(final int val, final int type) {
final PendingResult<NodeApi.GetConnectedNodesResult> nodes = Wearable.NodeApi.getConnectedNodes(mGoogleApiClient);
nodes.setResultCallback(new ResultCallback<NodeApi.GetConnectedNodesResult>() {
#Override
public void onResult(NodeApi.GetConnectedNodesResult result) {
final List<Node> nodes = result.getNodes();
if (nodes != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < nodes.size(); i++) {
final Node node = nodes.get(i);
Wearable.MessageApi.sendMessage(mGoogleApiClient, node.getId(), "/" + type, ByteBuffer.allocate(4).putInt(val).array());
Log.d("Sending", type + ":" + val);
}
}
}
});
}
}
Update
Got the log somehow
06-15 11:46:02.342 3355-3355/com.hsc.fit E/AndroidRuntime﹕ FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: com.hsc.fit, PID: 3355
java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'void android.widget.TextView.setBackgroundResource(int)' on a null object reference
at com.hsc.fit.MainActivity$3.onSensorChanged(MainActivity.java:92)
at android.hardware.SystemSensorManager$SensorEventQueue.dispatchSensorEvent(SystemSensorManager.java:405)
at android.os.MessageQueue.nativePollOnce(Native Method)
at android.os.MessageQueue.next(MessageQueue.java:143)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:122)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5221)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:899)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:694)
Fixed it. The WatchViewStub's setOnLayoutInflatedListener() is called after onResume(), and my Sensor gets registered in onResume(). Since my text view is used in the listener of the sensor, and it wasn't assigned a refrence yet, I was getting a NullPointerException. I moved the sensor registertion inside WatchViewStub's listener and it works now.
ProgressDialog quits updating when orientation of screen changes. I have put into place a fix that salvages the asynctask and sets the activity of the asynctask to the new activity after it is destroyed and rebuilt. The percentage complete on the progressdialog stays at the percentage it was at before the orientation change.
What am I missing?
package net.daleroy.fungifieldguide.activities;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Window;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Toast;
import net.daleroy.fungifieldguide.R;
import net.daleroy.fungifieldguide.fungifieldguideapplication;
public class FungiFieldGuide extends Activity {
//static final int PROGRESS_DIALOG = 0;
//ProgressThread progressThread;
private final static String LOG_TAG = FungiFieldGuide.class.getSimpleName();
fungifieldguideapplication appState;
private DownloadFile mTask;
public boolean mShownDialog;
ProgressDialog progressDialog;
private final static int DIALOG_ID = 1;
#Override
protected void onPrepareDialog(int id, Dialog dialog) {
super.onPrepareDialog(id, dialog);
if ( id == DIALOG_ID ) {
mShownDialog = true;
}
}
private void onTaskCompleted() {
Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Activity " + this + " has been notified the task is complete.");
//Check added because dismissDialog throws an exception if the current
//activity hasn't shown it. This Happens if task finishes early enough
//before an orientation change that the dialog is already gone when
//the previous activity bundles up the dialogs to reshow.
if ( mShownDialog ) {
dismissDialog(DIALOG_ID);
Toast.makeText(this, "Finished..", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
#Override
protected Dialog onCreateDialog(int id) {
switch(id) {
case DIALOG_ID:
progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(this);
progressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
progressDialog.setMessage("Loading Database (only first run)...");
return progressDialog;
default:
return super.onCreateDialog(id);
}
}
#Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
appState = ((fungifieldguideapplication)this.getApplication());
Object retained = getLastNonConfigurationInstance();
if ( retained instanceof DownloadFile ) {
Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Reclaiming previous background task.");
mTask = (DownloadFile) retained;
mTask.setActivity(this);
//showDialog(DIALOG_ID);
}
else {
if(!appState.service.createDataBase())
{
Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Creating new background task.");
//showDialog(DIALOG_ID);
mTask = new DownloadFile(this);
mTask.execute("http://www.codemarshall.com/Home/Download");
}
}
//showDialog(PROGRESS_DIALOG);
View btn_Catalog = findViewById(R.id.btn_Catalog);
btn_Catalog.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
{
public void onClick(View v)
{
Intent i = new Intent(getBaseContext(), Cat_Genus.class);//new Intent(this, Total.class);
startActivity(i);
}
});
View btn_Search = findViewById(R.id.btn_Search);
btn_Search.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
{
public void onClick(View v)
{
Intent i = new Intent(getBaseContext(), Search.class);//new Intent(this, Total.class);
startActivity(i);
}
});
}
#Override
public Object onRetainNonConfigurationInstance() {
mTask.setActivity(null);
return mTask;
}
#Override
public void onDestroy()
{
super.onDestroy();
//progressDialog.dismiss();
//progressDialog = null;
appState.service.ClearSearchParameters();
}
private class DownloadFile extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Boolean>{
private FungiFieldGuide activity;
private boolean completed;
private String Error = null;
private String Content;
private DownloadFile(FungiFieldGuide activity) {
this.activity = activity;
}
#Override
protected void onPreExecute()
{
showDialog(DIALOG_ID);
}
#Override
protected Boolean doInBackground(String... urlarg) {
int count;
try {
URL url = new URL(urlarg[0]);
URLConnection conexion = url.openConnection();
conexion.setDoInput(true);
conexion.setUseCaches(false);
// this will be useful so that you can show a tipical 0-100% progress bar
int lenghtOfFile = conexion.getContentLength();
// downlod the file
InputStream input = new BufferedInputStream(conexion.getInputStream());
OutputStream output = new FileOutputStream("/data/data/net.daleroy.fungifieldguide/databases/Mushrooms.db");
byte data[] = new byte[1024];
long total = 0;
while ((count = input.read(data)) != -1) {
total += count;
// publishing the progress....
publishProgress((int)total*100/lenghtOfFile);
output.write(data, 0, count);
}
output.flush();
output.close();
input.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.i(LOG_TAG, e.getMessage());
}
return null;
}
#Override
public void onProgressUpdate(Integer... args){
progressDialog.setProgress(args[0]);
}
#Override
protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result)
{
completed = true;
notifyActivityTaskCompleted();
}
private void notifyActivityTaskCompleted() {
if ( null != activity ) {
activity.onTaskCompleted();
}
}
private void setActivity(FungiFieldGuide activity) {
this.activity = activity;
if ( completed ) {
notifyActivityTaskCompleted();
}
}
}
}
This is not a real solution but to prevent this I just disabled orientation changes during the life of the AsyncTask with adding first:
setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_NOSENSOR);
and when the job is done:
setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_SENSOR);
Hope this helps.