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Android application unable to send http requests

I have an android application that uses Retrofit to make http requests (POST) and further evaluate incoming data.
I have the app working absolutely fine in my test phone (Samsung J5 P), it connects and sends requests as it should. But on trying operating the app simultaneously on two different phones, the app on the other phone somehow fails to send requests (retrofit calls onFailure method when a connection fails). I have enabled all permissions, yet the problem seems to happen.
Also, I have hosted the server on my desktop (localhost), and I made sure both my devices are connected to same network.
What could be causing this problem? Thanks.

Starting with Android 9 (API level 28), cleartext support is disabled by default.
Also have a look at - https://koz.io/android-m-and-the-war-on-cleartext-traffic/
Codelabs explanation - https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/android-network-security-config/index.html
Option 1 -
First try hitting the URL with "https://" instead of "http://"
Option 2 -
Create file res/xml/network_security_config.xml -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">api.example.com(to be adjusted)</domain>
</domain-config>
</network-security-config>
AndroidManifest.xml -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest ...>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<application
...
android:networkSecurityConfig="#xml/network_security_config"
...>
...
</application>
</manifest>
Option 3 -
android:usesCleartextTraffic Doc
AndroidManifest.xml -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest ...>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<application
...
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
...>
...
</application>
</manifest>
android:targetSandboxVersion can be a problem too -
According to Manifest Docs -
android:targetSandboxVersion
The target sandbox for this app to use. The higher the sandbox version number, the higher the level of security. Its default value is 1; you can also set it to 2. Setting this attribute to 2 switches the app to a different SELinux sandbox. The following restrictions apply to a level 2 sandbox:
The default value of usesCleartextTraffic in the Network Security Config is false.
Uid sharing is not permitted.
So Option 4 -
If you have android:targetSandboxVersion in <manifest> then reduce it to 1
AndroidManifest.xml -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest android:targetSandboxVersion="1">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
...
</manifest>

Create a network config file in res/xml directory
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">YOUR_IP</domain>
</domain-config>
</network-security-config>
and then add android:networkSecurityConfig="#xml/network_security_config" in your manifest's application tag

Xiaomi does not connect ws, other mobile phones yes

i have a problem in the APP im developing with my Xiaomi Mi 9 SE that don´t have with my other (older) phones like BQ M5 or some Samsung.
My APP connects to a Web Service to get some information. I have 3 enviroments for this Web Service: Test (in a PC in local LAN), preproduction and production.
Test: "http://10.60.8.223:8080/ws/webservice.wsdl"; (Xiaomi dont connect, others yes)
PRE: "https://ws-pre.myaplication.com/ws/webservice.wsdl"; (All connect correct)
PRO: "https://ws-pro.myaplication.com/ws/webservice.wsdl"; (All connect correct)
With any other mobile phones I connect to the 3 enviroments, but with the Xiaomi i cannot connect to the TEST url where I am debugging the web service.
Do you know what is happening?
What can I try?
Maybe Xiaomi blocks http conection but admits https?
Thank you so much in advance.
Adrián.

I have solved it:
Create an xml file called network_security_config.xml in RES folder.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<trust-anchors>
<certificates src="system" />
</trust-anchors>
</base-config>
</network-security-config>
in Android Manifest, inside application tag:
<application
...
android:networkSecurityConfig="#xml/network_security_config">

You can also do this.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest ...>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<application
...
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
...>
...
</application>
</manifest>

NetworkSecurityConfig: No Network Security Config specified, using platform default Error response code: 400

I'm trying to connect to either of these places and get the JSON data:-
https://content.guardianapis.com/search?q=debate&tag=politics/politics&from-date=2014-01-01&api-key=test
https://content.guardianapis.com/search?q=debates&api-key=test
https://content.guardianapis.com/search?api-key=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxx
All three I can get to via the browser, but when I try to access them via an android app I get the following errors:-
NetworkSecurityConfig: No Network Security Config specified, using platform default
Error response code: 400
I've added this to manifest.xml:-
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
I also added this to the manifest.xml:-
android:networkSecurityConfig="#xml/network_security_config"
And created res/xml/network_security_config.xml, which contains:-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<domain-config>
<domain includeSubdomains="true">content.guardianapis.com</domain>>
</domain-config>
Which changes the error to:-
D/NetworkSecurityConfig: Using Network Security Config from resource network_security_config debugBuild: true
Error response code: 400
I know it's missing:-
<trust-anchors>
<certificates src="#raw/my_ca"/>
</trust-anchors>
but I have no idea where or what the certificate would be or if it's needed.
Not really sure what is going on, any help would be appreciated.
IN ADDITION:-
I am able to connect fine and get the JSON from this URL:-
https://earthquake.usgs.gov/fdsnws/event/1/query?format=geojson&eventtype=earthquake&orderby=time&minmag=6&limit=10
All I get is this:-
No Network Security Config specified, using platform default
Buy not error 400 and gets through with a 200 instead. So it makes me think there is something weird going on, but not sure where.

Try these solutions
Solution 1)
Add the following attribute to the <application tag in AndroidManifest.xml:
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
Solution 2)
Add android:networkSecurityConfig="#xml/network_security_config" to the <application tag in app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml:
<application
android:name=".ApplicationClass"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:hardwareAccelerated="false"
android:icon="#mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:largeHeap="true"
android:networkSecurityConfig="#xml/network_security_config"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme">
With a corresponding network_security_config.xml in app/src/main/res/xml/:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true" />
</network-security-config>
Refer this answer for more info:
Download Manger not working in Android Pie 9.0 (Xiaomi mi A2)

Edited Answer
Remove <domain includeSubdomains="true">secure.example.com</domain> from the code.
Use just:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true" />
</network-security-config>
And It will work for any URL or IP.
Try to set cleartextTrafficPermitted=false
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">secure.example.com</domain>
</domain-config>
</network-security-config>

i was also facing the same problem ,and tried many solutions(adding config etc things),but they didn't work for me..I sit and checked my code carefully, There was something wrong in the code which i've wrote to access the node. Not a syntactic error, it's node name missmatch.

How to allow all Network connection types HTTP and HTTPS in Android (9) Pie?

From Android 9 Pie now, requests without encryption will never work. And by default, the System will expect you to use TLS by default.You can read this feature here So if you only make requests via HTTPS you are safe. But what about apps that make requests through different sites, for instance, browser-like apps.
How can I enable requests to all types of connections HTTP and HTTPS in Android 9 Pie?

The easy way to implement this is to use this attribute to your AndroidManifest.xml where you allow all http for all requests:
<application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
</application>
But in case you want some more configurations for different links for instance, allowing http for some domains but not other domains you must provide res/xml/networkSecurityConfig.xml file.
To do this in Android 9 Pie you will have to set a networkSecurityConfig in your Manifest application tag like this:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest ... >
<application android:networkSecurityConfig="#xml/network_security_config">
</application>
</manifest>
Then in your xml folder you now have to create a file named network_security_config just like the way you have named it in the Manifest and from there the content of your file should be like this to enable all requests without encryptions:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<trust-anchors>
<certificates src="system" />
</trust-anchors>
</base-config>
</network-security-config>
From there you are good to go. Now your app will make requests for all types of connections. For additional information on this topic read here.

The FULLY WORKING SOLUTION for both Android or React-native users facing this issue just add this
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
in AndroidManifest.xml file like this:
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
tools:ignore="GoogleAppIndexingWarning">
<uses-library
android:name="org.apache.http.legacy"
android:required="false" />
in between <application>.. </application> tag like this:
<application
android:name=".MainApplication"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:icon="#mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:allowBackup="false"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme"
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
tools:ignore="GoogleAppIndexingWarning">
<uses-library
android:name="org.apache.http.legacy"
android:required="false" />
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:label="#string/app_name"/>
</application>

A simple way is set android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" on you AndroidManifest.xml
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
Your AndroidManifest.xml look like
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest package="com.dww.drmanar">
<application
android:icon="#mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme"
tools:targetApi="m">
<activity
android:name=".activity.SplashActivity"
android:theme="#style/FullscreenTheme">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
I hope this will help you.

Easy Way
Add usesCleartextTraffic to AndroidManifest.xml
<application
...
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
...>
Indicates whether the app intends to use cleartext network traffic, such as cleartext HTTP. The default value for apps that target API level 27 or lower is "true". Apps that target API level 28 or higher default to "false".

For React Native applications while running in debug add the xml block mentioned by #Xenolion to react_native_config.xml located in <project>/android/app/src/debug/res/xml
Similar to the following snippet:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="false">localhost</domain>
<domain includeSubdomains="false">10.0.2.2</domain>
<domain includeSubdomains="false">10.0.3.2</domain>
</domain-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<trust-anchors>
<certificates src="system" />
</trust-anchors>
</base-config>
</network-security-config>

Just set usesCleartextTraffic flag in the application tag of AndroidManifest.xml file.
No need to create config file for Android.
<application
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
.
.
.>

i got the same problem and i notice that my security config has diferent TAGS like the #Xenolion answer says
<network-security-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">localhost</domain>
</domain-config>
</network-security-config>
so i change the TAGS "domain-config" for "base-config" and works, like this:
<network-security-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">localhost</domain>
</base-config>
</network-security-config>

This worked for me,
add this xml file to:
andriod/app/src/main/res/xml/network_security_config.xml
network_security_config.xml
xml/network_security_config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<trust-anchors>
<certificates src="system" />
</trust-anchors>
</base-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">your_domain1</domain>
</domain-config>
<domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
<domain includeSubdomains="true">your_domain2</domain>
</domain-config>
</network-security-config>
then add this code to AndroidMenifest.xml
<application
...
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
android:networkSecurityConfig="#xml/network_security_config"
...
>
<!-- for http support-->
<uses-library android:name="org.apache.http.legacy" android:required="false"/>
...
</application>

You may check if you are sending clearText through HTTP
Fix : https://medium.com/#son.rommer/fix-cleartext-traffic-error-in-android-9-pie-2f4e9e2235e6
OR
In the Case of Apache HTTP client deprecation (From Google ) :
With Android 6.0, we removed support for the Apache HTTP client. Beginning with Android 9, that library is removed from the bootclasspath and is not available to apps by default.
To continue using the Apache HTTP client, apps that target Android 9 and above can add the following to their AndroidManifest.xml:
Source
https://developer.android.com/about/versions/pie/android-9.0-changes-28

Blank Screen Android 2.2 Google Maps v2

EDIT :
I transferred my 20+ projects that tries to use Google Maps for Android v2. After changing keys and stuff, now, it works. I don't know what made this work, but thank you all. I got one keystore, the key is right. I guess it magically fixed somehow. Well, thanks guys.
I'm doing searches for 2 days and I couldn't fix this problem. I did everything, yet, this application can not work.
I want my application to work on Android 2.2 and above. Like it says "if you create your app in level 8, it'll support 95% of market".
Here are my screenshots and source codes:
I'm pasting the source code which is the easiest to get. I took this from web.
Here's the output of the command
keytool -list -keystore <path>
***************** WARNING WARNING WARNING *****************
* The integrity of the information stored in your keystore *
* has NOT been verified! In order to verify its integrity, *
* you must provide your keystore password. *
***************** WARNING WARNING WARNING *****************
Keystore type: JKS Keystore provider: SUN
Your keystore contains 1 entry
androiddebugkey, 15.Mar.2013, PrivateKeyEntry,
Certificate fingerprint (SHA1): xxx
main.xml file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<com.google.android.maps.MapView
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="#+id/mapView"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:clickable="true"
android:apiKey="AIzaSyDim-x5Gxxx"
/>
manifest file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.androidhive.googlemaps"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
<application
android:icon="#drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name" >
<!-- Add Google Map Library -->
<uses-library android:name="com.google.android.maps" />
<activity
android:name=".AndroidGoogleMapsActivity"
android:label="#string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
<!-- Allow to connect with internet -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
</manifest>
java file (no need to paste it all, but I guess it's best to paste it all)
http://pastebin.com/yF95Rcbd
Here are my screenshots:
http://i.imgur.com/gExHpUG.png
http://i.imgur.com/AMOXKhr.png
http://i.imgur.com/Aqon97Y.png
I'm trying to compile this app to Android 4.2.2, but I tried and want to make it work in 2.2 and above.
Here's the Android tab of the properties window just to make sure:
http://i.imgur.com/ht0CQwT.png
Here's my log
03-20 07:01:20.145: W/System.err(956): at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:856)
03-20 07:01:20.665: W/System.err(956): IOException processing: 26
03-20 07:01:20.665: W/System.err(956): java.io.IOException: Server returned: 3
03-20 07:01:20.665: W/System.err(956): at android_maps_conflict_avoidance.com.google.googlenav.map.BaseTileRequest.readResponseData(BaseTileRequest.java:115)
03-20 07:01:20.675: W/System.err(956): at android_maps_conflict_avoidance.com.google.googlenav.map.MapService$MapTileRequest.readResponseData(MapService.java:1473)
03-20 07:01:20.675: W/System.err(956): at android_maps_conflict_avoidance.com.google.googlenav.datarequest.DataRequestDispatcher.processDataRequest(DataRequestDispatcher.java:1117)
03-20 07:01:20.675: W/System.err(956): at android_maps_conflict_avoidance.com.google.googlenav.datarequest.DataRequestDispatcher.serviceRequests(DataRequestDispatcher.java:994)
03-20 07:01:20.675: W/System.err(956): at android_maps_conflict_avoidance.com.google.googlenav.datarequest.DataRequestDispatcher$DispatcherServer.run(DataRequestDispatcher.java:1702)
These lines repeat all the time.
Thank you very much.
Your post appears to contain code that is not properly formatted as code" error made
me delete the blank lines. Sorry for the messed up codes.

http://i.imgur.com/ht0CQwT.png
See the snapshot. You did not add Google Play Services library that is require for displaying Google Android Map V2. Please download and add that library and then try again.
Please also see the target. Your target is 4.2.2 and your are accessing it on 2.2. Change the target to 2.2 and use support fragment.
Thanks,

I have solved this issue,
Open your Google APIs Console
Choose API Access
Edit allowed Android apps from your API Key
Change the package name with your package name
Example: 00:06:A5:0E:04:A2:1E:8F:FE:6B:7F:46:23:C3:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx;com.example.androidmapview

You are missing permissions and meta-data for API KEY.
Read this carefully: https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/android/start

Working with android mapapi v2 ,the main reason is you must add play service to your app,like below :
<permission
android:name="com.example.androidmapview.permission.MAPS_RECEIVE"
android:protectionLevel="signature" />
<uses-permission android:name="com.example.androidmapview.permission.MAPS_RECEIVE" />
Use fragment class in Layout:
<fragment xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:map="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="#+id/map"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
class="com.google.android.gms.maps.SupportMapFragment"/>
And change your manifest:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.androidmapview"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="16" />
<permission
android:name="com.example.androidmapview.permission.MAPS_RECEIVE"
android:protectionLevel="signature" />
<uses-permission android:name="com.example.androidmapview.permission.MAPS_RECEIVE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="com.google.android.providers.gsf.permission.READ_GSERVICES" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="#drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.example.androidmapview.MainActivity"
android:label="#string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<meta-data
android:name="com.google.android.maps.v2.API_KEY"
android:value="AIzxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"></meta-data>
</application>
<uses-feature
android:glEsVersion="0x00020000"
android:required="true" />
</manifest>
in activity:
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.SupportMapFragment;
public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity {
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
SupportMapFragment fragment = new SupportMapFragment();
getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
.add(android.R.id.content, fragment).commit();
}
}
For more info check the link which will explain you in details about api v2

I solved my blank screen problem with zoom in/out buttons like that.(it happens after I changed my package name)
Delete the keystore file
Create a new keystore file
Get SHA1 fingerprint
Go to API Console
Create a new Android App.
Paste your fingerprint
Use the given API Key in your Manifest File
That worked for me