How would you trim a string recursively without Java's trim() method? - java

The following method returns a trimmed string using iteration. How would you approach this recursively? Link to source
public static String allTrim(String str) {
int j = 0;
int count = 0; // Number of extra spaces
int lspaces = 0;// Number of left spaces
char ch[] = str.toCharArray();
int len = str.length();
StringBuffer bchar = new StringBuffer();
if (ch[0] == ' ') {
while (ch[j] == ' ') {
lspaces++;
j++;
}
}
for (int i = lspaces; i < len; i++) {
if (ch[i] != ' ') {
if (count > 1 || count == 1) {
bchar.append(' ');
count = 0;
}
bchar.append(ch[i]);
} else if (ch[i] == ' ') {
count++;
}
}
return bchar.toString();
}

You can do it using recursion with taking two extra variables, one for startIndex and one for endIndex. Either you can take these variables in your trimAll method or can declare globally.
public class TrimSpace {
static String trimAll(String str, int startIndex, int endIndex){
if(str.charAt(startIndex)!=' ' && str.charAt(endIndex)!=' '){
return str.substring(startIndex, endIndex+1);
}
else if(str.charAt(startIndex)==' ' && str.charAt(endIndex)==' '){
return trimAll(str, startIndex+1, endIndex-1);
}
else if(str.charAt(startIndex)==' ' && str.charAt(endIndex)!=' '){
return trimAll(str, startIndex+1, endIndex);
}
else{
return trimAll(str, startIndex, endIndex-1);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = " hello ";
String result = trimAll(str, 0, str.length()-1);
System.out.println(result);
//to count extra spaces you just need to get the length difference
int extraSpaces = str.length() - result.length();
System.out.println(extraSpaces);
}
}

Related

the method is supposed to count the number of times a ‘.’, ‘?’, or ‘!” appears in the text

This is what I have so far and I don't know where to go from here.
(I am a beginner so please try to use simple logic for me to understand)
public static void countSentences(String text) {
String comma = ",";
String period = ".";
String Question = "?";
String ex = "!";
text = "..,,??!!";
int c = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
if (comma.equals(text.charAt(i)) || period.equals(text.charAt(i)) ||
Question.equals(text.charAt(i)) || ex.equals(text.charAt(i))) {
c += 1;
}else {
c += 0;
i++;
}
}
}
You have some redundant lines of code here. Removing the else block entirely should do the trick:
public static void countSentences(String text) {
char comma = ',';
char period = '.';
char Question = '?';
char ex = '!';
text = "..,,??!!";
int c = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
if (comma == text.charAt(i) || period == text.charAt(i) ||
Question == text.charAt(i) || ex == text.charAt(i)) {
c += 1;
}
}
}
You can use streams as well
public static void countSentences(String text) {
char comma = ',';
char period = '.';
char Question = '?';
char ex = '!';
String text = "..,,??!!";
long count = text.chars().filter(ch -> ch == comma ||ch == Question ||ch == period ).count();
}
This is something of a spoiler, but you could use a replacement approach:
public static int countSentences(String text) {
return text.length() - text.replaceAll("[.?!]", "").length();
}
This just compares the length of the original text against the length of the text with all ., ?, and ! removed.

Codingbat plusOut - StringBuffer Trouble

Given a string and a non-empty word string, return a version of the original String where all chars have been replaced by pluses ("+"), except for appearances of the word string which are preserved unchanged.
plusOut("12xy34", "xy") → "++xy++"
plusOut("12xy34", "1") → "1+++++"
plusOut("12xy34xyabcxy", "xy") → "++xy++xy+++xy"
I am having trouble trying to code a StringBuffer solution to this problem.
This is the original code to this:
public static String plusOut(String str, String word) {
int i = 0;
String str2 = "";
while (i < str.length() - word.length()+1)
if (!str.substring(i,i+word.length()).equals(word)) {
str2 += "+";
i++;
}
else {
str2 += word;
i += word.length(); //found pattern - skip
}
//if any remaining chars at end (guaranteed not to be pattern) replace
//with +s
if (i < str.length() && !str.substring(i).equals(word.substring(1))) {
for (int j = 0; j < word.length()-1; j++) str2 += "+";
}
return str2;
}
public String plusOut(String str, String word) {
String result = "";
int i = 0 ;
while(i < str.length() ) {
if (str.substring(i).startsWith(word)) {
result = result + word;
i = i + word.length();
} else {
result = result + "+" ;
i++;
}
}
return result ;
}
//StringBuilder
public String plusOut(String str, String word) {
StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder();
int i = 0 ;
while(i < str.length() ) {
if (str.substring(i).startsWith(word)) {
strBuilder.append(word);
i = i + word.length();
} else {
strBuilder.append("+");
i++;
}
}
return strBuilder.toString();
}
Here's what I came up with:
public String plusOut(String str, String word)
{
//Create a blank string.
String out = "";
//Create a counter to get the end amount.
int endAmt = 0;
//We can only manipulate from 0 to str.length() - word.length() in this for loop, because
//when searching for word in str, we can't go beyond the bounds.
for (int i = 0; i < str.length() - word.length(); i++)
{
//If we find word in str,
if (str.substring(i, i + word.length()).equals(word))
{
//We append word and increment 2 times further.
out = out + str.substring(i, i + word.length());
//increment i by 2 (one here, and one at the end)
i += word.length() - 1;
//We set the endAmt equal to the next iteration for future use when getting the rest
//of the amount later.
endAmt = i + 1;
}
//if it doesn't match, we change the character to a '+'
else
{
out = out.substring(0,i) + '+';
}
}
//Now, we finish the string after the searching for word in str.
//If the last substring is word, we add word to the mix.
if (str.substring(str.length() - word.length()).equals(word))
{
out = out + word;
}
//If it's not, then we refactor the string to after then last instance of word
else
{
out = out.substring(0, endAmt);
//and then we add the remaining amount of +'s
for (int i = 0; i < str.length() - endAmt; i++)
{
out = out + "+";
}
}
//finally, we return the string.
return out;
}
Here's a very simplified and easy to understand code
public static String plusOut(String str,String word){
StringBuffer b = new StringBuffer();
int indexOfWord = str.indexOf(word, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
if(i==indexOfWord){
b.append(word);
i=i+word.length()-1;//move index by word length
//get next index for the word
indexOfWord = str.indexOf(word,indexOfWord+word.length());
}else{
b.append("+");
}
}
return b.toString();
}
public String plusOut(String str, String word) {
String temp = str.replace(word, "+");
String newStr = "";
for (int i=0; i<temp.length(); i++)
{
if (temp.charAt(i) == '+')
{
newStr += word;
}
else
{
newStr += "+";
}
}
return newStr;
}
public String plusOut(String str, String word) {
String result = "";
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++){
if (str.substring(i).length() >= word.length()
&& str.substring(i, i + word.length()).equals(word)) {
result += word;
i += word.length() - 1;
}
else if (str.length() < word.length()
|| str.substring(i).length() < word.length())
result += '+';
else
result += '+';
}
return result;
}
public String plusOut(String str, String word) {
String newStr = "";
int sLength = str.length();
int wLength = word.length();
for (int i = 0; i < sLength; i++){
if (i <= (sLength-wLength) && str.substring(i, i+wLength).equals(word)){
newStr += word;
i += (wLength-1);
continue;
}
newStr += "+";
}
return newStr;
}
Solution with regular expression:
public String plusOut(String str, String word) {
String regex = "(?<!(?=word).{0,M}).";
return str.replaceAll(
regex
.replace("word", java.util.regex.Pattern.quote(word))
.replace("M", String.valueOf(word.length() - 1)), "+");
}
Explanation:
Negative Lookbehind (?<!(?=word).{0,M}) - Assert that the Regex below does not match
Positive Lookahead (?=word) - Assert that the Regex below matches
Word matches the characters word literally (case sensitive)
. matches any character (except for line terminators)
{0,M} matches the characters {0,M} literally (case sensitive)
. matches any character (except for line terminators)

Tracking brackets in a string

I am having the following string and want to track the closing bracket of ROUND( ) in my string.
"=ROUND(IF(AND($BY18=2);CA18*CB18/$M$11;IF($BY18=3;CA18*CB18/$M$10;IF($BY18=4;ROUND(CA18*CB18;$M$10)/$M$9;CA18*CB18)))/$M$12;$M$11)";
public class RoundParser {
public static String parseRound(String text) {
text = text.toUpperCase();
String result;
char[] ch = text.toCharArray();
int count = -1;
String temp = "";
for (int i = 0; i < ch.length; i++) {
temp = temp + ch[i];
System.out.println(count);
if ("ROUND(".equals(temp)) {
count++;
}
if ("(".equals(temp)) {
count++;
}
if (")".equals(temp) && count > 0) {
count--;
}
if (")".equals(temp) && count == 0) {
ch[i] = '#';
}
if (!"ROUND(".startsWith(temp) || temp.length() > 5) {
temp = "";
}
}
text = String.valueOf(ch);
result = text;
return result;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String text = "=ROUND(IF(AND($BY18=2);CA18*CB18/$M$11;IF($BY18=3;CA18*CB18/$M$10;IF($BY18=4;ROUND(CA18*CB18;$M$10)/$M$9;CA18*CB18)))/$M$12;$M$11)";
System.out.println(parseRound(text));
}
}
However, using my parser at the moment I am getting:
=ROUND(IF(AND($BY18=2);CA18*CB18/$M$11;IF($BY18=3;CA18*CB18/$M$10;IF($BY18=4;ROUND(CA18*CB18;$M$10)/$M$9;CA18*CB18))#/$M$12;$M$11#
The output I want to get is:
=ROUND(IF(AND($BY18=2);CA18*CB18/$M$11;IF($BY18=3;CA18*CB18/$M$10;IF($BY18=4;ROUND(CA18*CB18;$M$10#/$M$9;CA18*CB18)))/$M$12;$M$11#
As you can see the not the right ) are replaced, as ;$M$11)"; and ;$M$10). I really appreciate if you have any idea how to repalce these two cases.
there are 2 approaches to this
1) if the number of opening and closing brackets are always going to be equal, then you can just track the last closing bracket by using a for loop.
2) if you are not sure about opening and closing brackets to be equal, then you can so the following-->
public class RoundParser {
public static String parseRound(String text) {
text = text.toUpperCase();
String result;
char[] ch = text.toCharArray();
int count=0,pos=0;
int c[10];
for(int i=0;i<ch.length;i++){
if(ch[i].equals("(")){
count++;
if(ch[i-1].equals("D")){
c[pos]=count; //will store the count value at every opening round
pos++;
}
}
if(ch[i].equals(")")){
count--;
for(int j=0;j<10;j++){
if(c[j]==count) //if the closing of round had been encountered
ch[i]="#";
}
}
}
text = String.valueOf(ch);
result = text;
return result;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String text = "=ROUND(IF(AND($BY18=2);CA18*CB18/$M$11;IF($BY18=3;CA18*CB18/$M$10;IF($BY18=4;ROUND(CA18*CB18;$M$10)/$M$9;CA18*CB18)))/$M$12;$M$11)";
System.out.println(parseRound(text));
}
}
there you go.
i think this should work.
hope this helps.
You forgot an else:
else if (")".equals(temp) && count == 0) {
That will decrement count and if then count==0, it will decrement twice.
This problem can be done recursively.
First, you use method .indexOf("ROUND(") to detect the first occurrence of round().
Then, we need to determine which is the end ')' of this round(). A simple algo will be enough :
int start = text.indexOf("ROUND(") + "ROUND(".length();
int count = 1;
int end = -1;
for(int i = start; i < text.length; i++){
if(text.charAt(i) == '('){
count++;
}else if(text.charAt(i) == ')'){
count--;
}
if(count == 0){
end = i;
break;
}
}
After you detect the start and end of the outer round(), you can use text.substring(start, end) to remove the outer round(), and continue the above function recursively, until you find all round()
For recognition of multiple ROUND(X), I suggest
TreeMap<Integer,Pair<Integer,Integer>> map = new TreeMap<>();
int count = 0;
Where we store <start_index, <init_count, end_index>>
if ("ROUND(".equals(temp))
{
map.put(i, new Pair<Integer,Integer>(count, -1));
count++;
}
if ("(".equals(temp)) count++;
if (")".equals(temp))
{
if (count <= 0)
{
count = 0;
// Error: extra closing bracket
}
else
{
count--;
}
int max_i = -1;
for (Integer index : map.keySet())
{
if (index > max_i
&& map.get(index).second() == -1
&& map.get(index).first() == count)
{
max_i = index;
}
}
if (max_i > -1) map.get(max_i).setSecond(i);
}
Here's an algorithm..
If you are not sure that the last ")" would be the one you are looking for.
Start from index 0 of the String, for each "(" you encounter, increment the count, and for each ")" decrement the count, replace the ")" with "#".

Write a method to replace all spaces in a string with '%20'

I have a question about a programming problem from the book Cracking The Code Interview by Gayl Laakmann McDowell, 5th Edition.
The problem states: Write a method to replace all spaces in a string with '%20'. Assume string has sufficient space at end of string to hold additional characters, and that you're given a true length of a string. I used the books code, implementing the solution in Java using a character array (given the fact that Java Strings are immutable):
public class Test {
public void replaceSpaces(char[] str, int length) {
int spaceCount = 0, newLength = 0, i = 0;
for(i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (str[i] == ' ')
spaceCount++;
}
newLength = length + (spaceCount * 2);
str[newLength] = '\0';
for(i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (str[i] == ' ') {
str[newLength - 1] = '0';
str[newLength - 2] = '2';
str[newLength - 3] = '%';
newLength = newLength - 3;
}
else {
str[newLength - 1] = str[i];
newLength = newLength - 1;
}
}
System.out.println(str);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Test tst = new Test();
char[] ch = {'t', 'h', 'e', ' ', 'd', 'o', 'g', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' '};
int length = 6;
tst.replaceSpaces(ch, length);
}
}
The output I am getting from the replaceSpaces() call is: the%20do which is cutting of the last character of the original array. I have been scratching my head over this, can anyone explain to me why the algorithm is doing this?
public String replace(String str) {
String[] words = str.split(" ");
StringBuilder sentence = new StringBuilder(words[0]);
for (int i = 1; i < words.length; ++i) {
sentence.append("%20");
sentence.append(words[i]);
}
return sentence.toString();
}
You are passing the length as 6, which is causing this. Pass length as 7 including space.
Other wise
for(i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
will not consider last char.
With these two changes I got the output: the%20dog
1) Change space count to 2 [since length already includes 1 of the 3 characters you need for %20]
newLength = length + (spaceCount * 2);
2) Loop should start on length
for(i = length; i >= 0; i--) {
Here is my solution. I check for the ascii code 32 then put a %20 instead of it.Time complexity of this solution is O(N)
public String replace(String s) {
char arr[] = s.toCharArray();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
if (arr[i] == 32)
sb.append("%20");
else
sb.append(arr[i]);
}
return sb.toString();
}
This is my code for this question. Seems like working for me. If you're interested, please have a look. It's written in JAVA
public class ReplaceSpaceInString {
private static char[] replaceSpaceInString(char[] str, int length) {
int spaceCounter = 0;
//First lets calculate number of spaces
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (str[i] == ' ')
spaceCounter++;
}
//calculate new size
int newLength = length + 2*spaceCounter;
char[] newArray = new char[newLength+1];
newArray[newLength] = '\0';
int newArrayPosition = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (str[i] == ' ') {
newArray[newArrayPosition] = '%';
newArray[newArrayPosition+1] = '2';
newArray[newArrayPosition+2] = '0';
newArrayPosition = newArrayPosition + 3;
}
else {
newArray[newArrayPosition] = str[i];
newArrayPosition++;
}
}
return newArray;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
char[] array = {'a','b','c','d',' ','e','f','g',' ','h',' ','j'};
System.out.println(replaceSpaceInString(array, array.length));
}
}
You can also use substring method and the ascii for space (32).
public String replaceSpaceInString(String s){
int i;
for (i=0;i<s.length();i++){
System.out.println("i is "+i);
if (s.charAt(i)==(int)32){
s=s.substring(0, i)+"%20"+s.substring(i+1, s.length());
i=i+2;
}
}
return s;
}
To test:
System.out.println(cc.replaceSpaceInString("mon day "));
Output:
mon%20day%20
You could just do this.
No need to calculate the length or whatever.
Strings are immutable anyways.
import java.util.*;
public class ReplaceString {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in);
String str=in.nextLine();
String n="";
for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++)
{
if(str.charAt(i)==' ')
n=n+"%20";
else
n=n+str.charAt(i);
}
str=n;
System.out.println(str);
}
}
void Rep_Str(char *str)
{
int j=0,count=0;
int stlen = strlen(str);
for (j = 0; j < stlen; j++)
{
if (str[j]==' ')
{
count++;
}
}
int newlength = stlen+(count*2);
str[newlength--]='\0';
for (j = stlen-1; j >=0 ; j--)
{
if (str[j]==' ')
{
str[newlength--]='0';
str[newlength--]='2';
str[newlength--]='%';
}
else
{
str[newlength--]=str[j];
}
}
}
This code works :)
We can use a regular expression to solve this problem. For example:
public String replaceStringWithSpace(String str){
return str.replaceAll("[\\s]", "%20");
}
This works correctly. However, using a StringBuffer object increases space complexity.
Scanner scn = new Scanner(System.in);
String str = scn.nextLine();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(str.trim());
for(int i = 0;i<sb.length();i++){
if(32 == (int)sb.charAt(i)){
sb.replace(i,i+1, "%20");
}
}
public static String replaceAllSpaces(String s) {
char[] c = s.toCharArray();
int spaceCount = 0;
int trueLen = s.length();
int index = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < trueLen; i++) {
if (c[i] == ' ') {
spaceCount++;
}
}
index = trueLen + spaceCount * 2;
char[] n = new char[index];
for (int i = trueLen - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (c[i] == ' ') {
n[index - 1] = '0';
n[index - 2] = '2';
n[index - 3] = '%';
index = index - 3;
} else {
n[index - 1] = c[i];
index--;
}
}
String x = new String(n);
return x;
}
Another way of doing this.
I am assuming the trailing spaces don't need to be converted to %20 and that the trailing spaces provide enough room for %20s to be stuffed in between
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "a sd fghj ";
System.out.println(replacement(str));//a%20sd%20fghj
}
private static String replacement(String str) {
char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
int posOfLastChar = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
if (chars[i] != ' ') {
posOfLastChar = i;
}
}
int newCharPosition = chars.length - 1;
//Start moving the characters to th end of the array. Replace spaces by %20
for (int i = posOfLastChar; i >= 0; i--) {
if (chars[i] == ' ') {
chars[newCharPosition] = '0';
chars[--newCharPosition] = '2';
chars[--newCharPosition] = '%';
} else {
chars[newCharPosition] = chars[i];
}
newCharPosition--;
}
return String.valueOf(chars);
}
}
public class ReplaceChar{
public static void main(String []args){
String s = "ab c de ";
System.out.println(replaceChar(s));
}
public static String replaceChar(String s){
boolean found = false;
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder(50);
String str = rev(s);
for(int i = 0; i <str.length(); i++){
if (str.charAt(i) != ' ') { found = true; }
if (str.charAt(i) == ' '&& found == true) { res.append("%02"); }
else{ res.append(str.charAt(i)); }
}
return rev(res.toString());
}
// Function to reverse a string
public static String rev(String s){
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(50);
for(int i = s.length()-1; i>=0; i-- ){
result.append(s.charAt(i));
}
return result.toString();
}}
A simple approach:
Reverse the given string and check where the first character appears.
Using string builder to append "02%" for spaces - since the string is reversed.
Finally reverse the string once again.
Note: We reverse the string so as to prevent an addition of "%20" to the trailing spaces.
Hope that helps!
The question in the book mentions that the replacement should be in place so it is not possible to assign extra arrays, it should use constant space. You should also take into account many edge cases, this is my solution:
public class ReplaceSpaces {
public static void main(String[] args) {
if ( args.length == 0 ) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("No string");
}
String s = args[0];
char[] characters = s.toCharArray();
replaceSpaces(characters);
System.out.println(characters);
}
static void replaceSpaces(char[] s) {
int i = s.length-1;
//Skipping all spaces in the end until setting `i` to non-space character
while( i >= 0 && s[i] == ' ' ) { i--; }
/* Used later to check there is enough extra space in the end */
int extraSpaceLength = s.length - i - 1;
/*
Used when moving the words right,
instead of finding the first non-space character again
*/
int lastNonSpaceCharacter = i;
/*
Hold the number of spaces in the actual string boundaries
*/
int numSpaces = 0;
/*
Counting num spaces beside the extra spaces
*/
while( i >= 0 ) {
if ( s[i] == ' ' ) { numSpaces++; }
i--;
}
if ( numSpaces == 0 ) {
return;
}
/*
Throw exception if there is not enough space
*/
if ( extraSpaceLength < numSpaces*2 ) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not enough extra space");
}
/*
Now we need to move each word right in order to have space for the
ascii representation
*/
int wordEnd = lastNonSpaceCharacter;
int wordsCounter = 0;
int j = wordEnd - 1;
while( j >= 0 ) {
if ( s[j] == ' ' ){
moveWordRight(s, j+1, wordEnd, (numSpaces-wordsCounter)*2);
wordsCounter++;
wordEnd = j;
}
j--;
}
replaceSpacesWithAscii(s, lastNonSpaceCharacter + numSpaces * 2);
}
/*
Replaces each 3 sequential spaces with %20
char[] s - original character array
int maxIndex - used to tell the method what is the last index it should
try to replace, after that is is all extra spaces not required
*/
static void replaceSpacesWithAscii(char[] s, int maxIndex) {
int i = 0;
while ( i <= maxIndex ) {
if ( s[i] == ' ' ) {
s[i] = '%';
s[i+1] = '2';
s[i+2] = '0';
i+=2;
}
i++;
}
}
/*
Move each word in the characters array by x moves
char[] s - original character array
int startIndex - word first character index
int endIndex - word last character index
int moves - number of moves to the right
*/
static void moveWordRight(char[] s, int startIndex, int endIndex, int moves) {
for(int i=endIndex; i>=startIndex; i--) {
s[i+moves] = s[i];
s[i] = ' ';
}
}
}
Any reason not to use 'replace' method?
public String replaceSpaces(String s){
return s.replace(" ", "%20");}
Hm... I am wondering about this problem as well. Considering what I have seen in here. The book solution does not fit Java because it uses in-place
char []
modification and solutions in here that use char [] or return void don't fit as well because Java does not use pointers.
So I was thinking, the obvious solution would be
private static String encodeSpace(String string) {
return string.replcaceAll(" ", "%20");
}
but this is probably not what your interviewer would like to see :)
// make a function that actually does something
private static String encodeSpace(String string) {
//create a new String
String result = new String();
// replacement
final String encodeSpace = "%20";
for(char c : string.toCharArray()) {
if(c == ' ') result+=encodeString;
else result+=c;
}
return result;
}
this looks fine I thought, and you only need one pass through the string, so the complexity should be O(n), right? Wrong! The problem is in
result += c;
which is the same as
result = result + c;
which actually copies a string and creates a copy of it. In java strings are represented as
private final char value[];
which makes them immutable (for more info I would check java.lang.String and how it works). This fact will bump up the complexity of this algorithm to O(N^2) and a sneaky recruiter can use this fact to fail you :P Thus, I came in with a new low-level solution which you will never use in practice, but which is good in theory :)
private static String encodeSpace(String string) {
final char [] original = string != null? string.toCharArray() : new char[0];
// ASCII encoding
final char mod = 37, two = 50, zero = 48, space = 32;
int spaces = 0, index = 0;
// count spaces
for(char c : original) if(c == space) ++spaces;
// if no spaces - we are done
if(spaces == 0) return string;
// make a new char array (each space now takes +2 spots)
char [] result = new char[string.length()+(2*spaces)];
for(char c : original) {
if(c == space) {
result[index] = mod;
result[++index] = two;
result[++index] = zero;
}
else result[index] = c;
++index;
}
return new String(result);
}
But I wonder what is wrong with following code:
private static String urlify(String originalString) {
String newString = "";
if (originalString.contains(" ")) {
newString = originalString.replace(" ", "%20");
}
return newString;
}
Question : Urlify the spaces with %20
Solution 1 :
public class Solution9 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String a = "Gini Gina Protijayi";
System.out.println( urlencode(a));
}//main
public static String urlencode(String str) {
str = str.trim();
System.out.println("trim =>" + str);
if (!str.contains(" ")) {
return str;
}
char[] ca = str.toCharArray();
int spaces = 0;
for (char c : ca) {
if (c == ' ') {
spaces++;
}
}
char[] newca = new char[ca.length + 2 * spaces];
// a pointer x has been added
for (int i = 0, x = 0; i < ca.length; i++) {
char c = ca[i];
if (c == ' ') {
newca[x] = '%';
newca[x + 1] = '2';
newca[x + 2] = '0';
x += 3;
} else {
newca[x] = c;
x++;
}
}
return new String(newca);
}
}//urlify
My solution using StringBuilder with time complexity O(n)
public static String url(String string, int length) {
char[] arrays = string.toCharArray();
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(length);
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (arrays[i] == ' ') {
builder.append("%20");
} else {
builder.append(arrays[i]);
}
}
return builder.toString();
}
Test case :
#Test
public void testUrl() {
assertEquals("Mr%20John%20Smith", URLify.url("Mr John Smith ", 13));
}
Can you use StringBuilder?
public String replaceSpace(String s)
{
StringBuilder answer = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0; i<s.length(); i++)
{
if(s.CharAt(i) == ' ')
{
answer.append("%20");
}
else
{
answer.append(s.CharAt(i));
}
}
return answer.toString();
}
I am also looking at that question in the book. I believe we can just use String.trim() and String.replaceAll(" ", "%20) here
I updated the solution here. http://rextester.com/CWAPCV11970
If we are creating new array and not in-place trasition, then why do we need to walk backwards?
I modified the real solution slightly to walk forward to create target Url-encoded-string.
Time complexity:
O(n) - Walking original string
O(1) - Creating target string incrementally
where 'n' is number of chars in original string
Space complexity:
O(n + m) - Duplicate space to store escaped spaces and string.
where 'n' is number of chars in original string and 'm' is length of escaped spaces
public static string ReplaceAll(string originalString, char findWhat, string replaceWith)
{
var newString = string.Empty;
foreach(var character in originalString)
newString += findWhat == character? replaceWith : character + string.Empty;
return newString;
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string name = "Stack Over Flow ";
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
char[] array = name.ToCharArray(); ;
for(int i = 0; i < name.Length; i++)
{
if (array[i] == ' ')
{
stringBuilder.Append("%20");
}
else
stringBuilder.Append(array[i]);
}
Console.WriteLine(stringBuilder);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
public class Sol {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] str = "Write a method to replace all spaces in a string with".split(" ");
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
int count = 0;
for(String s : str){
sb.append(s);
if(str.length-1 != count)
sb.append("%20");
++count;
}
System.out.println(sb.toString());
}
}
public class Test {
public static void replace(String str) {
String[] words = str.split(" ");
StringBuilder sentence = new StringBuilder(words[0]);
for (int i = 1; i < words.length; i++) {
sentence.append("%20");
sentence.append(words[i]);
}
sentence.append("%20");
System.out.println(sentence.toString());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
replace("Hello World "); **<- Hello<3spaces>World<1space>**
}
}
O/P:: Hello%20%20%20World%20
Remember that you only to want replace ' ' with '%20' when the latter is not a leading or trailing space. Several answers above do not account for this. For what it's worth, I get "index out of bounds error" when I run Laakmann's solution example.
Here's my own solution, which runs O(n) and is implemented in C#:
public static string URLreplace(string str, int n)
{
var len = str.Length;
if (len == n)
return str;
var sb = new StringBuilder();
var i = 0;
while (i < len)
{
char c = str[i];
if (c == ' ')
{
while (i < len && str[i] == ' ')
{
i++; //skip ahead
}
}
else
{
if (sb.Length > 0 && str[i - 1] == ' ')
sb.Append("%20" + c);
else
sb.Append(c);
i++;
}
}
return sb.ToString();
}
Test:
//Arrange
private string _str = " Mr John Smith ";
private string _result = "Mr%20John%20Smith";
private int _int = 13;
[TestMethod]
public void URLified()
{
//Act
var cleaned = URLify.URLreplace(_str, _int);
//Assert
Assert.IsTrue(cleaned == _result);
}
One line code
System.out.println(s.trim().replace(" ","%20"));
// while passing the input make sure you use the .toCharArray method becuase strings are immutable
public static void replaceSpaces(char[] str, int length) {
int spaceCount = 0, newLength = 0, i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (str[i] == ' ')
spaceCount++;
}
newLength = length + (spaceCount * 2);
// str[newLength] = '\0';
for (i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (str[i] == ' ') {
str[newLength - 1] = '0';
str[newLength - 2] = '2';
str[newLength - 3] = '%';
newLength = newLength - 3;
} else {
str[newLength - 1] = str[i];
newLength = newLength - 1;
}
}
System.out.println(str);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Test tst = new Test();
char[] ch = "Mr John Smith ".toCharArray();
int length = 13;
replaceSpaces(ch, length);
}
`// Maximum length of string after modifications.
const int MAX = 1000;
// Replaces spaces with %20 in-place and returns
// new length of modified string. It returns -1
// if modified string cannot be stored in str[]
int replaceSpaces(char str[])
{
// count spaces and find current length
int space_count = 0, i;
for (i = 0; str[i]; i++)
if (str[i] == ' ')
space_count++;
// Remove trailing spaces
while (str[i-1] == ' ')
{
space_count--;
i--;
}
// Find new length.
int new_length = i + space_count * 2 + 1;
// New length must be smaller than length
// of string provided.
if (new_length > MAX)
return -1;
// Start filling character from end
int index = new_length - 1;
// Fill string termination.
str[index--] = '\0';
// Fill rest of the string from end
for (int j=i-1; j>=0; j--)
{
// inserts %20 in place of space
if (str[j] == ' ')
{
str[index] = '0';
str[index - 1] = '2';
str[index - 2] = '%';
index = index - 3;
}
else
{
str[index] = str[j];
index--;
}
}
return new_length;
}
// Driver code
int main()
{
char str[MAX] = "Mr John Smith ";
// Prints the replaced string
int new_length = replaceSpaces(str);
for (int i=0; i<new_length; i++)
printf("%c", str[i]);
return 0;
}`

how to count the exact number of words in a string that has empty spaces between words?

Write a method called wordCount that accepts a String as its parameter and returns the number of words in the String. A word is a sequence of one or more nonspace characters (any character other than ' '). For example, the call wordCount("hello") should return 1, the call wordCount("how are you?") should return 3, the call wordCount(" this string has wide spaces ") should return 5, and the call wordCount(" ") should return 0.
I made a function:
public static int wordCount(String s){
int counter = 0;
for(int i=0; i<=s.length()-1; i++) {
if(Character.isLetter(s.charAt(i))){
counter++;
for(i<=s.length()-1; i++){
if(s.charAt(i)==' '){
counter++;
}
}
}
}
return counter;
}
But i know this has 1 limitation that it will also count the number of spaces after all the words in the string have finished nad it will also count 2 blank spaces as possibly being 2 words :(
Is there a predefined function for word count? or can this code be corrected?
If you want to ignore leading, trailing and duplicate spaces you can use
String trimmed = text.trim();
int words = trimmed.isEmpty() ? 0 : trimmed.split("\\s+").length;
public static int wordCount(String s){
if (s == null)
return 0;
return s.trim().split("\\s+").length;
}
Have fun with the function.
String str="I am a good boy";
String[] words=str.split("\\s+");
System.out.println(words.length);
Simply use s.split(" ").length and for wide spaces...use s.trim().replaceAll("\\s+"," ").split(" ").length
public static int wordCount(String s){
int counter=0;
for(int i=0;i<=s.length()-1;i++){
if(Character.isLetter(s.charAt(i))){
counter++;
for(;i<=s.length()-1;i++){
if(s.charAt(i)==' '){
i++;
break;
}
}
}
}
return counter;
}
This is what you need if don't use the predefined function. I have tested it by myself. Please let me know if there is any bugs!
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/String.html#split(java.lang.String)
Splits this string around matches of the given regular expression.
It should be easy with:
String[] arr = "how are you sir".split("\\s");
System.out.printf("Count [%d]%n", arr.length);
Added some lines to your code:
public static int wordCount(String s){
int counter=0;
for(int i=0;i<=s.length()-1;i++){
if(Character.isLetter(s.charAt(i))){
counter++;
for(;i<=s.length()-1;i++){
if(s.charAt(i)==' '){
counter++;
i++;
while (s.charAt(i)==' ')
i++;
}
}
}
}
return counter;
}
My few solutions:
public static int wordcount1(String word) {
if (word == null || word.trim().length() == 0) {
return 0;
}
int counter = 1;
for (char c : word.trim().toCharArray()) {
if (c == ' ') {
counter++;
}
}
return counter;
}
//
public static int wordcount2(String word) {
if (word != null || word.length() > 0) {
return word.trim().length()
- word.trim().replaceAll("[ ]", "").length() + 1;
} else {
return 0;
}
}
// Recursive
public static int wordcount3(String word) {
if (word == null || word.length() == 0) {
return 0;
}
if (word.charAt(0) == ' ') {
return 1 + wordcount3(word.substring(1));
}
return wordcount3(word.substring(1));
}
//
public static int wordcount4(String word) {
if (word == null || word.length() == 0) {
return 0;
}
String check = word.trim();
int counter = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < check.length(); i++) {
if (i > 0 && Character.isSpaceChar(check.charAt(i))
&& !Character.isSpaceChar(check.charAt(i - 1))) {
counter++;
}
}
return counter;
}

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