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How to select a nested webelement in html?

I would like to retrieve a webelement out of a nested html path using either css selectors or xpath. My specific use case is that I would like to select the i element in the following snippet:
<td class="headerActionsTd" data-rolename="Speaker">
<div class="headerActions">
<span class="addNewParticipantSection">
<i class="icon fa fa-user-plus" title="Add New"></i>
</span>
How do I obtain the i webelement for this using either css selector or xpath?

Use this xpath: //td[#data-rolename='Speaker']//div//span//i[#title='Add New'] or
css : div.headerActions i
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div.headerActions i"));
for multiple elements :
List<WebElement> users = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//td[#data-rolename='Speaker']//div//span//i[#title='Add New']"));

A simple one would be this :
CSS_SELECTOR
i.icon.fa.fa-user-plus[title='Add New']
Note that, if there is multiple element with this css selector, then you have this facility to differentiate between them:
:first-child
:nth-child(n)
:nth-last-child(n)
More can be found at this link
XPATH : would be :
//td[#data-rolename='Speaker']/descendant::span[#class='addNewParticipantSection']/i
Hope that helps.

Since you said data-role only changes in the comment of the other person, here is the xpath you can use
"//td[#data-role='Speaker']//i"
Or
"//td[#data-role='Speaker']/div/span/i"

Another option is that you can attempt to locate elements inside other elements. For example, you could store the addNewParticipantSection div in a WebElement, then use that WebElement's findElement method to locate the i element within it. Like so:
WebElement section = driver.findElement(By.className("addNewParticipantSection"));
WebElement icon = section.findElement(By.tagName("i"));
icon.click();

Clicking on <li> list item not using Selenium Java

The following list represents page navigation buttons:
<div class="list">
<ul class="pageNav">
<li class="paginate_button ">
1</li>
<li class="paginate_button ">
2</li>
<li class="paginate_button ">
3</li>
</ul>
</div>
To go to the second page for instance, I am using this Selenium Java code:
//after setting up webdriver
List<WebElement> li = driver.findElements(By.className("pageNav"));
System.out.println(li.get(2).getText());
li.get(2).click();
It's printing the text correctly "2", but not clicking or navigating correctly as if I was manually doing it on the actual website. I also tried replacing the link with an actual link like:
Visit our page
But still no luck. What am I doing wrong?
Thank you in advanced!

Try any of these below code.
In your tried code, I have noticed that you were using class locator to click on links element. But your <ul> tag does not contains the link. Inside <ul> tag, <li> tag is present and each <li> tag contains separate <a> tag.
so, here you should go with xpath or cssSelector locator.
Method 1) By using xpath locator
List<WebElement> links = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//ul[#class='pageNav']/li/a"));
System.out.println(links.size());
links.get(1).click(); //indexing start from 0, if you want to click on second link then pass indexing as 1.
Suggestion:- Instead of using absolute xpath, use relative xpath.
Method 2) By using cssSelector locator
List<WebElement> links = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector("ul.pageNav>li>a"));
System.out.println(links.size());
links.get(1).click(); //indexing start from 0, if you want to click on second link then pass indexing as 1.

Try below code
//getting all the anchor tag elements and storing in a list
List<WebElement> links = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//ul[#class='pageNav']//li[starts-with(#class,'paginate_button')]/a"));
System.out.println(links.size());
//performs click on second links
links.get(1).click();

If you're facing any abnormal difficulty which you are not able to handle directly , then you can first try to move to that element using actions class then click it as below:
WebElement we = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div.list > ul.pageNav li:nth-child(2));
Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.moveToElement(we).click().build().perform();

Opening a href link in Selenium Java

I am trying to click on the following a href link in selenium. I have tried using xpath and By.linkText() and By.cssSelectort() but I have not be able to locate the element. Any help is much appreciated
driver.findElement(By.linkText("CCC_PH3_Sandbox_Keybridge: CCC PH3 Sandbox Keybridge")).click();
and By.xpath() but its unable to locate the element
WebElement course = driver.findElementByXPath("html/body/table/tbody/tr/td/div/div[2]/table/tbody/tr/td[3]/a/span[1]");
course.click();
css locator :
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a[href*='/webapps/portal']")).click();
Here is the html snippet:
<img width="12" height="12" src="/images/ci/icons/bookopen_li.gif" alt="">
<a target="_top" href=" /webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_2_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_2135_1%26url%3D">CCC_PH3_Sandbox_Keybridge: CCC PH3 Sandbox Keybridge</a>

Try using By.partialLinkText() as below :-
new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.partialLinkText("CCC_PH3_Sandbox_Keybridge"))).click();
Edited:- As you have mentioned this element is inside two iframes with id navFrame and contentFrame, you need to switch that iframes one by one before finding element as :-
driver.switchTo().frame("navFrame");
driver.switchTo().frame("contentFrame");
//Now find desire element
new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.partialLinkText("CCC_PH3_Sandbox_Keybridge"))).click();
//After doing all stuff inside iframe switch back to default content
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

Selenium, JAVA - how to find such element?

Do you know how to find and click at an element like this:
<div class="offer ctrlOpenOfferInfo">
<a class="linkOffer" href="offer_view.html?id=1007"/>
<p class="photo">
<p class="name">New offer</p>
<p class="price">123</p>
<div class="rate ctrlViewRateOffer" data-value="0.0000">
<p class="date"/>
<div class="hide info">
<div class="bgInfo"/>
using Selenium WebDriver and using the name of the element as there are few very similiar elements on the page?
Here's what I've tired so far:
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 30);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.invisibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//*[text()='New offer']")));
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(".//*[#id='formDevelopmentElementAdd'][text()='New offer']")));
driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[#id='formDevelopmentElementAdd']/div/p[2][text()='New offer']")).click();
or:
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//p[#class='name'][text()='New offer']")).click();
or:
String address = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[contains(text(), 'New offer') and #class='name']")).getAttribute("href");
driver.get(baseUrl + address);
or:
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[Text()='New offer']")).click();
I've tried these with text, class, xpath...

Assuming you want to click the p tag containing New offer:
I would think this element is not inside an iframe. If so, you must use driver.switchTo().frame("name or xpath or css for frame locator"); first before start looking for element.
Now, how can you find that element. Consider the following options:
Using xpath text based search
//p[.='New offer']
//to be more precise you can do
//p[#classs='name'][.='New offer']
You can use By.className('name') to identify that element even though that name does not look like unique to me
Using cssSelector
.name
using nth-child() function of cssSelector
.offer.ctrlOpenOfferInfo>a>p:nth-child(2)

How to click a link whose href has a certain substring in Selenium?

The following is a bunch of links <a elements. ONLY one of them has a substring "long" as a value for the attribute href
<a class="c1" href= "very_lpng string" > name1 </a>
<a class="g2" href= "verylong string" > name2 </a> // The one that I need
<a class="g4" href= "very ling string" > name3 </a>
<a class="g5g" href= "very ng string" > name4 </a>
...................
I need to click the link whose href has substring "long" in it. How can I do this?
PS: driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("long")).click(); // b/c it chooses by the name

I need to click the link who's href has substring "long" in it. How can I do this?
With the beauty of CSS selectors.
your statement would be...
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a[href*='long']")).click();
This means, in english,
Find me any 'a' elements, that have the href attribute, and that attribute contains 'long'
You can find a useful article about formulating your own selectors for automation effectively, as well as a list of all the other equality operators. contains, starts with, etc... You can find that at: http://ddavison.io/css/2014/02/18/effective-css-selectors.html

use driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("long")).click();

You can do this:
//first get all the <a> elements
List<WebElement> linkList=driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));
//now traverse over the list and check
for(int i=0 ; i<linkList.size() ; i++)
{
if(linkList.get(i).getAttribute("href").contains("long"))
{
linkList.get(i).click();
break;
}
}
in this what we r doing is first we are finding all the <a> tags and storing them in a list.After that we are iterating the list one by one to find <a> tag whose href attribute contains long string. And then we click on that particular <a> tag and comes out of the loop.

With the help of xpath locator also, you can achieve the same.
Your statement would be:
driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//a[contains(#href,'long')]")).click();
And for clicking all the links contains long in the URL, you can use:-
List<WebElement> linksList = driver.findElements(By.xpath(".//a[contains(#href,'long')]"));
for (WebElement webElement : linksList){
webElement.click();
}