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Cannot initiate class in TestNG and unable find the reason

I tried to automate the search of expedia website. If i run the same code in selenium java version, it works perfect. But in the TestNG mode. I am getting the error message.
package testNGbasics;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class Expediaassignment {
public String baseUrl = "https://www.expedia.com/";
public WebDriver driver;
//Flying From class variables
public WebElement flyingfrom = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[#id='flight-origin-hp-flight']"));
public String DepatureFrom = "Mumbai";
public String FF = flyingfrom.getAttribute("value");
//Flying To class variables
public WebElement flyingTo = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[#id='flight-destination-hp-flight']"));
public String DD = flyingTo.getAttribute("value");
//Declaring departure and return date
public String departureDate = "22/06/2020";
public String returnDate = "21/08/2020";
#Test
public void setBaseURL()
{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Program Files\\Java\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe");
System.setProperty(ChromeDriverService.CHROME_DRIVER_SILENT_OUTPUT_PROPERTY,"True");
driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//Navigating to expedia website
driver.get(baseUrl);
System.out.println(driver.getCurrentUrl());
}
#Test
public void closepopup()
{
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[#id='travel-advisory-close-button']//span[1]")).click();
}
#Test
public void FlyingFrom() throws InterruptedException
{
flyingfrom.click();
flyingfrom.sendKeys(DepatureFrom);
Thread.sleep(2000);
flyingfrom.sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN);
Thread.sleep(2000);
flyingfrom.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);
System.out.println("Your departure is"+FF);
}
#Test
public void FlyingTo() throws InterruptedException
{
flyingTo.click();
Thread.sleep(2000);
flyingTo.sendKeys("MAA");
Thread.sleep(2000);
flyingTo.sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN);
Thread.sleep(2000);
flyingTo.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);
System.out.println("Your destination is"+DD);
}
#Test
public void departureDate() throws InterruptedException
{
WebElement DepartureDate = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[#id='flight-departing-hp-flight']"));
DepartureDate.click();
DepartureDate.sendKeys(departureDate);
//Thread.sleep(2000);
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[#id=\"flight-departing-wrapper-hp-flight\"]/div/div/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[3]/td[3]/button")).click();
String DepartDate =DepartureDate.getAttribute("value");
System.out.println("Your depature date is"+DepartDate);
}
#Test
public void returnDate() throws InterruptedException
{
WebElement ReturnDate = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[#id='flight-returning-hp-flight']"));
ReturnDate.click();
ReturnDate.sendKeys(returnDate);
//Thread.sleep(2000);
String ReturDate =ReturnDate.getAttribute("value");
System.out.println("Your Return date is"+ReturDate);
}
}
i am getting below error message
[RemoteTestNG] detected TestNG version 7.0.1
org.testng.TestNGException:
Cannot instantiate class testNGbasics.Expediaassignment
at org.testng.internal.ObjectFactoryImpl.newInstance(ObjectFactoryImpl.java:30)
at org.testng.internal.InstanceCreator.instantiateUsingDefaultConstructor(InstanceCreator.java:193)
at org.testng.internal.InstanceCreator.createInstanceUsingObjectFactory(InstanceCreator.java:113)
at org.testng.internal.InstanceCreator.createInstance(InstanceCreator.java:79)
at org.testng.internal.ClassImpl.getDefaultInstance(ClassImpl.java:109)
at org.testng.internal.ClassImpl.getInstances(ClassImpl.java:167)
at org.testng.TestClass.getInstances(TestClass.java:102)
at org.testng.TestClass.initTestClassesAndInstances(TestClass.java:82)
at org.testng.TestClass.init(TestClass.java:74)
at org.testng.TestClass.<init>(TestClass.java:39)
at org.testng.TestRunner.initMethods(TestRunner.java:459)
at org.testng.TestRunner.init(TestRunner.java:338)
at org.testng.TestRunner.init(TestRunner.java:291)
at org.testng.TestRunner.<init>(TestRunner.java:222)
at org.testng.remote.support.RemoteTestNG6_12$1.newTestRunner(RemoteTestNG6_12.java:33)
at org.testng.remote.support.RemoteTestNG6_12$DelegatingTestRunnerFactory.newTestRunner(RemoteTestNG6_12.java:66)
at org.testng.ITestRunnerFactory.newTestRunner(ITestRunnerFactory.java:55)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner$ProxyTestRunnerFactory.newTestRunner(SuiteRunner.java:676)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.init(SuiteRunner.java:178)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.<init>(SuiteRunner.java:112)
at org.testng.TestNG.createSuiteRunner(TestNG.java:1275)
at org.testng.TestNG.createSuiteRunners(TestNG.java:1251)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1100)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1039)
at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1007)
at org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:115)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:251)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:77)
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Constructor.java:500)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:481)
at org.testng.internal.ObjectFactoryImpl.newInstance(ObjectFactoryImpl.java:23)
... 27 more
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
at testNGbasics.Expediaassignment.<init>(Expediaassignment.java:17)
... 33 more
what went wrong. and what needs to be changed?

Root cause:
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
at testNGbasics.Expediaassignment.<init>(Expediaassignment.java:17)
Problem: WebDriver does not initialize and you have used it
public WebDriver driver;
// Flying From class variables
public WebElement flyingfrom = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[#id='flight-origin-hp-flight']"));
Thrown:
Cannot instantiate class testNGbasics.Expediaassignment
Because: While creating the instance of Expediaassignment this code will execute and due to driver is null it is unable to create an instance of Expediaassignment .
You can use #BeforeSuite to execute code before all tests execute.
Like,
public WebDriver driver;
// Flying From class variables
public WebElement flyingfrom /*= driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[#id='flight-origin-hp-flight']"))*/;
public String DepatureFrom = "Mumbai";
public String FF /*= flyingfrom.getAttribute("value")*/;
// Flying To class variables
public WebElement flyingTo /*= driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[#id='flight-destination-hp-flight']"))*/;
public String DD /*= flyingTo.getAttribute("value")*/;
// Declaring departure and return date
public String departureDate = "22/06/2020";
public String returnDate = "21/08/2020";
#BeforeSuite
void setBaseURL() {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Program Files\\Java\\chromedriver.exe");
System.setProperty(ChromeDriverService.CHROME_DRIVER_SILENT_OUTPUT_PROPERTY, "True");
driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// Navigating to expedia website
driver.get(baseUrl);
System.out.println(driver.getCurrentUrl());
flyingfrom = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[#id='flight-origin-hp-flight']"));
FF = flyingfrom.getAttribute("value");
flyingTo = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[#id='flight-destination-hp-flight']"));
DD = flyingTo.getAttribute("value");
}

Problems with the variable Webdriver driver when I use PageObjects

I want to use: Login_Page Login = PageFactory.initElements(driver, Login_Page.class); in a unique way in all steps.
When I use it for each step I have no problems, but on the contrary Java shows me the error: " Value driver is always 'null'".
I would also like to replace Thread.sleep (2000); for a better solution.
Here is my Code:
package stepdefs;
import Pages.Login_Page;
import cucumber.api.java.pt.Dado;
import cucumber.api.java.pt.Entao;
import cucumber.api.java.pt.Quando;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class StepDefinitions {
WebDriver driver;
Login_Page Login = PageFactory.initElements(driver, Login_Page.class);
#Dado("^que que estou na pagina principal do Gmail\\.$")
public void que_que_estou_na_pagina_principal_do_Gmail () throws Exception
{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\browsers\\chromedriver.exe");
driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.navigate().to("https://www.gmail.com");
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
#Quando("^forneco as credenciais validas\\.$")
public void forneco_as_credenciais_validas () throws Exception {
// Login_Page Login = PageFactory.initElements(driver, Login_Page.class);
Login.setEmail("rbkamontana#gmail.com");
Login.ClickOnNextButton();
Thread.sleep(2000);
Login.setSenha("automation10");
Thread.sleep(3000);
Login.ClickOnEnterButton();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
Thread.sleep(3000);
}
#Entao("^posso ver que estou logado\\.$")
public void posso_ver_que_estou_logado () throws Exception {
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[#id=\"gb\"]/div[2]/div[3]/div[1]/div[2]/div/a/span")).click();
String stringAtual = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[#id=\"gb\"]/div[2]/div[4]/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]")).getText();
String StringEsperada = "Rebeka Montana";
Assert.assertTrue(stringAtual.contains(StringEsperada));
//driver.quit();
}
}

Instead of Thread.sleep you can use selenium WebDriverWait function by a Locator.
Ref:
https://seleniumhq.github.io/selenium/docs/api/java/org/openqa/selenium/support/ui/WebDriverWait.html
void waitForElement(By Locator){
WebDriverWait myWait = new WebDriverWait(myDriver, 20);
myWait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(Locator));
}
Try initiating this inside of a constructor instead:
public StepDefinitions(){
driver = new ChromeDriver();
Login = PageFactory.initElements(driver, Login_Page.class);
}

An instance method is initializing the driver field at runtime, which explains why things work inside the step definition method. The solution is deceptively simple: create a getter method for the page model:
public class StepDefinitions {
WebDriver driver;
Login_Page login;
private Login_Page getLoginPage() {
if (login == null) {
login = PageFactory.initElements(driver, Login_Page.class);
}
return login;
}
#Quando("^forneco as credenciais validas\\.$")
public void forneco_as_credenciais_validas () throws Exception {
Login_Page login = getLoginPage();
login.setEmail("rbkamontana#gmail.com");
login.ClickOnNextButton();
Thread.sleep(2000);
login.setSenha("automation10");
Thread.sleep(3000);
login.ClickOnEnterButton();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
Thread.sleep(3000);
}

What is this Error: at com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull

I am a new automation tester, Working on sample test scripts, Need some help from you guys, I have tried to use POM and basic TestNG.
I have created 2 packages - pages and testcases.
I am getting some error when I am trying to access the "ClickJoin, Enterusername" methods from my pages packages. I had tried figuring out the issue, but was unable to get to why this error is occurring.
Below is the Error:
java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull
My Code from the "pages" package:
package com.gptoday.pages;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
public class Login {
public WebDriver driver;
public WebDriverWait wait;
By join = By.xpath("//*[#id='members']/a[1]");
By username = By.id("username");
By password = By.id("password");
By loginButton = By.xpath("//*[#id='normallogin']/div[4]/p/input[2]");
public Login (WebDriver driver){
this.driver=driver;
}
public void ClickJoin(){
wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,10);
//driver.findElement(join).click();
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(join)).click();
}
public void EnterUsername(){
wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(username)).click();
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(username)).sendKeys("Test username");
System.out.println("Username Entered");
}
public void EnterPassword(){
driver.findElement(password).clear();
driver.findElement(password).click();
System.out.println("Password Entered");
}
public void ClickButton(){
wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
//driver.findElement(loginButton).click();
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(loginButton)).click();
System.out.println("Login Button Clicked");
}
}
My Code from the "TestCases" package:
This code is of my base class.
package com.gptoday.com.gptoday.testcases;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxProfile;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.internal.ProfilesIni;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.internal.ProfilesIni;
public class Base {
public WebDriver driver;
#BeforeMethod
public void BaseSetup(){
ProfilesIni prof = new ProfilesIni();
FirefoxProfile ffProfile= prof.getProfile ("vishvesh");
ffProfile.setAcceptUntrustedCertificates(true);
ffProfile.setAssumeUntrustedCertificateIssuer(false);
String BaseUrl = "https://www.gptoday.com";
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "G:/Workplace/AutomationSetupFiles/Geckdriver/geckodriver.exe");
driver = new FirefoxDriver (ffProfile);
driver.get(BaseUrl);
driver.manage().window().maximize();
}
#AfterMethod
public void afterTest() {
System.out.println("Success");
}
}
**Below the the code for the test case.**
package com.gptoday.com.gptoday.testcases;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import com.gptoday.pages.Login;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
public class LoginVerification extends Base {
public WebDriver driver;
public Login obj = new Login(driver);
#Test
public void Verify()
{
obj.ClickJoin();
obj.EnterUsername();
}
}
**Error:**
Success
FAILED: Verify
java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull(Preconditions.java:770)
at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.FluentWait.<init>(FluentWait.java:96)
at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait.<init>(WebDriverWait.java:71)
at org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait.<init>(WebDriverWait.java:45)
at com.gptoday.pages.Login.ClickJoin(Login.java:22)
at com.gptoday.com.gptoday.testcases.LoginVerification.Verify(LoginVerification.java:16)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:108)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeMethod(Invoker.java:661)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethod(Invoker.java:869)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:1193)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:126)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:109)
at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:744)
at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:602)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:380)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:375)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:340)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:289)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:86)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1301)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1226)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1144)
at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1115)
at org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:132)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:230)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:76)

Here's the reason behind the error you are getting:
In both Login & EnterUsername methods while you defined the wait you have passed the instance of Webdriver & interval. Now whenever Selenium detects this particular type of argument Selenium treats this as FluentWait. Now when you actually implement a FluentWait you have to import those two libraries "com.google.common.base.Function" which will address the error you are facing. Of course you have to import "FluentWait" as well.
Let me know if this helps you.

By modifying the code in the "Login.Java" class.. The issue was related to driver being null as I did not extend "Base" in the "Login" class.

Getting java.lang.NullPointerException for selenium webdriver class

I am quite new to Selenium WebDriver. A java.lang.NullPointerException has been troubling me for sometime now, and I cannot understand why. Following are my classes which are quite simple actually:
suiteBase.java
package utilities.suiteBase;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import actions.testPage1.testPage1Actions;
import ui_map.testPage1.TestPage1UI;
public class suiteBase {
public WebDriver driver;
protected static TestPage1UI tpui = new TestPage1UI();
protected static testPage1Actions tpa = new testPage1Actions();
}
testPage1Actions.java
package actions.testPage1;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver.Timeouts;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import utilities.suiteBase.suiteBase;
public class testPage1Actions extends suiteBase {
public WebDriver driver;
public void test(WebDriver driver){
WebElement loc1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("id('email')"));
loc1.sendKeys("testing");
System.out.println("done...");
}
}
TestPage1.java
package testPage1;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import utilities.suiteBase.BrowserOpen;
import utilities.suiteBase.suiteBase;
public class TestPage1 extends suiteBase{
public WebDriver driver;
BrowserOpen browse = new BrowserOpen();
#Parameters({ "browserType", "appURL" })
#Test(priority = 1)
public void openBrowser(String browserType, String appURL){
browse.setUp(browserType, appURL);
System.out.println("Done....");
}
#Test(priority = 2)
public void testCase1() throws InterruptedException{
driver.wait(1000);
tpa.test(driver);
}
}
I run the TestPage1.java file using XML, where I encounter following error:
java.lang.NullPointerException at
testPage1.TestPage1.testCase1(TestPage1.java:28) at
sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at
sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at
sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497) at
org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:80)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeMethod(Invoker.java:714) at
org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethod(Invoker.java:901) at
org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:1231) at
org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:127)
at
org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:111)
at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:767) at
org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:617) at
org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:334) at
org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:329) at
org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:291) at
org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:240) at
org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52) at
org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:86) at
org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1198) at
org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1123) at
org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1031) at
org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:126)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:137)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:58)
Also I have browserOpen class which I run before TestPage1, in which I declare the WebDriver
package utilities.suiteBase;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import utilities.suiteBase.BrowserOpen;
public class BrowserOpen {
public WebDriver driver;
static String driverPath = "E:\\Selenium\\";
public void setUp(String browserType, String appURL) {
try {
setDriver(browserType, appURL);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error....." + e.getStackTrace());
}
}
#AfterClass
public void tearDown() {
driver.quit();
}
private void setDriver(String browserType, String appURL) {
switch (browserType) {
case "chrome":
driver = initChromeDriver(appURL);
break;
case "firefox":
driver = initFirefoxDriver(appURL);
break;
default:
System.out.println("browser : " + browserType
+ " is invalid, Launching Firefox as browser of choice..");
driver = initFirefoxDriver(appURL);
}
}
private static WebDriver initChromeDriver(String appURL) {
System.out.println("Launching google chrome with new profile..");
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", driverPath + "chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.navigate().to(appURL);
System.out.println("URL inserted");
// driver.get(appURL);
return driver;
}
private static WebDriver initFirefoxDriver(String appURL) {
System.out.println("Launching Firefox browser..");
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.navigate().to(appURL);
return driver;
}
}

I never used this technology before, but I see not inited elements.
public WebDriver driver;
WebDriver was not initialized.
You need to initialize them before using.
Like:
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
Or something else. Check this out: http://www.seleniumhq.org/docs/03_webdriver.jsp
-- UPD: Exception is probably throwing at testCase1() tpa.test(WebDriver). tpa is probably null.

you are using #Parameters({ "browserType", "appURL" }) in your TestPage1 class that will come from testng.xml file . Hope your using this xml file to run your test.

When I declared - public static WebDriver driver; before #BeforeSuite
and then inside the method if we again declared as
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
and run the script then it shows me java.lang.NullPointerException error.
Please try below code to resolve :-
driver = new Firefoxdriver();
Example -
public class LearnCheckBox {
public static WebDriver driver;
#BeforeSuite
public static void verify_SetupBrowser() throws InterruptedException
{
driver = new FirefoxDriver(); //
driver.get("https://learn.letskodeit.com/p/practice");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
Ashish Bind

Page is not being driven

Can someone tell me why my page is not being driven using the code below? The page loads but the driver does not drive to click the ticketButton link. I am lost and could use some help. Thanks in advance.
package domainEntities;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class ConstantsTest {
WebDriver driver;
public ConstantsTest(WebDriver driver){
this.driver = driver;
}
public WebElement ticketButton() {
WebElement ticketButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a.ticketButton"));
return ticketButton();
}
}
package test;
import domainEntities.ConstantsTest;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
public class TenaciousD{
private String baseUrl;
private boolean acceptNextAlert = true;
private StringBuffer verificationErrors = new StringBuffer();
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
#Test
public void TenaciousD() throws InterruptedException {
driver.get("http://tenaciousd.com");
ConstantsTest c = new ConstantsTest(driver);
c.ticketButton().click();
Thread.sleep(100000);
}
This is the error its returning:
java.lang.StackOverflowError
at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(FileInputStream.java:56)
at java.net.SocketInputStream.<init>(SocketInputStream.java:61)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.getInputStream(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:415)
at java.net.Socket$2.run(Socket.java:875)
at java.net.Socket$2.run(Socket.java:873)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.Socket.getInputStream(Socket.java:872)
at org.apache.http.impl.io.SocketInputBuffer.<init>(SocketInputBuffer.java:85)
at org.apache.http.impl.SocketHttpClientConnection.createSessionInputBuffer(SocketHttpClientConnection.java:107)
at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultClientConnection.createSessionInputBuffer(DefaultClientConnection.java:184)
at org.apache.http.impl.SocketHttpClientConnection.bind(SocketHttpClientConnection.java:163)
at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultClientConnection.openCompleted(DefaultClientConnection.java:132)
at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultClientConnectionOperator.openConnection(DefaultClientConnectionOperator.java:186)
at org.apache.http.impl.conn.AbstractPoolEntry.open(AbstractPoolEntry.java:151)
at org.apache.http.impl.conn.AbstractPooledConnAdapter.open(AbstractPooledConnAdapter.java:125)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultRequestDirector.tryConnect(DefaultRequestDirector.java:640)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultRequestDirector.execute(DefaultRequestDirector.java:479)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient.execute(AbstractHttpClient.java:906)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.fallBackExecute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:316)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:295)
at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.internal.NewProfileExtensionConnection.execute(NewProfileExtensionConnection.java:133)
at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver$LazyCommandExecutor.execute(FirefoxDriver.java:355)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:527)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:307)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElementByCssSelector(RemoteWebDriver.java:396)
at org.openqa.selenium.By$ByCssSelector.findElement(By.java:406)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:299)
at domainEntities.ConstantsTest.ticketButton(ConstantsTest.java:23)

Your StackOverflow issue is coming from your ticketButton() method.
public WebElement ticketButton() {
WebElement ticketButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a.ticketButton"));
return ticketButton();
}
You are returning the method instead of the element.
public WebElement ticketButton() {
WebElement ticketButton = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("a.ticketButton"));
return ticketButton;
}